Please help me summary Epidemiology by Robert H. Friis Chapter 5 - Study designs: Cohort studies
Chapter 6- Study design: Ecologic, cross sectional, case control in your own word.
Please help me summary Epidemiology by Robert H. Friis textbook
Chapter 5 - Study designs: Cohort studies
Chapter 6- Study design: Ecologic, cross sectional, case control in your own word
Answers
These chapters provide a comprehensive understanding of study designs in epidemiology, helping researchers select appropriate designs for their research questions and interpret results effectively.
Chapter 5 of "Epidemiology" by Robert H. Friis focuses on cohort studies, which are a type of observational study design used in epidemiological research. In cohort studies, a group of individuals is followed over time to observe the occurrence of specific outcomes or diseases.
The chapter discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and different types of cohort studies, such as prospective and retrospective cohorts, as well as the calculation of measures like incidence rates and relative risks.
Chapter 6 delves into other study designs commonly used in epidemiology, namely ecologic, cross-sectional, and case-control studies. Ecologic studies examine population-level associations between exposures and outcomes, while cross-sectional studies collect data from individuals at a single point in time.
Case-control studies compare groups with and without a specific outcome, looking back in time to assess exposure history. The chapter covers the strengths, limitations, and appropriate applications of each study design, providing insights into their utility in different epidemiological investigations.
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Related Questions
1. If the Vice President and a majority of the principal officers of the executive departments send a declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House stating the President is unable to discharge his/her duties, but afterwards the President sends a declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House stating that he/she has no inability, how will this be resolved?
Will the President be removed and if so under what circumstances, or will he/she remain or be reinstated into office?
Answers
The resolution will depend on the procedures outlined in the 25th Amendment of the US Constitution, with Congress making the final decision on the President removal or reinstatement.
The 25th Amendment provides a mechanism for addressing situations where the President may be unable to fulfill their duties, whether due to physical or mental incapacity. If the Vice President and a majority of the principal officers submit a declaration stating the President's inability, it triggers a transfer of power to the Vice President as Acting President. However, if the President disagrees and sends a declaration asserting their ability, the decision moves to Congress.
The Constitution outlines the process for Congress to address this situation. If both the Senate and the House of Representatives agree, with a two-thirds majority vote, that the President is unable to discharge their duties, the Vice President remains Acting President. If the necessary majority is not reached, the President will resume their role.
The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution provides a framework for addressing presidential succession and the transfer of power in situations of presidential inability. It establishes a clear process involving the Vice President, executive officers, and Congress to determine the President's capacity to fulfill their duties. Understanding the provisions of the 25th Amendment ensures the constitutional continuity of government and provides a mechanism for resolving potential disputes regarding the President's ability to serve.
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What should you always do when a person falls overboard?
Answers
Answer:
Reduce speed and toss the victim a PFD preferably a throwable type unless you know he or she is already wearing a PFD.
Turn your boat around and slowly pull alongside the victim, approaching the victim from downwind or into the current, whichever is stronger.
Stop the engine.
Explanation:
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What was the verrazanos goal of the Voyages to the West
Answers
Answer: to trade for spices in the West Indies, reaching Florida, the Bahamas and the lesser Antilles.
Explanation:
Answer:
To trade for spices in the west Indies, reaching Florida, the Bahamas and the Antilles
Protectionism
The United States wants to limit imports of European shoes by increasing the price of those shoes in the States. You advise your clients to ask the United States to
Answers
One way that the United States can limit imports of European shoes is by imposing tariffs on those shoes. Tariffs are taxes on imported goods that are meant to make them more expensive and less attractive to consumers.
By increasing the price of European shoes, the United States can discourage people from buying them and encourage them to buy American-made shoes instead.
If you are advising clients who are affected by this policy, you may want to suggest that they ask the United States to reconsider the tariffs. They could argue that the tariffs are hurting their business and that there are other ways to promote American-made products without hurting international trade. Additionally, they could point out that the tariffs could lead to retaliation from other countries, which could further hurt their business. By making a strong case against the tariffs, your clients may be able to convince the United States to change its policy.
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According to Madison, both national and state governments get their power from
Answers
Answer:
the people
Explanation:
According to Madison, both national and state governments get their power from the people
Answer:
the people
Explanation:
dianne works for the federal governor as a prosecutor in district 5, which is located in dallas, texas. in her three years at the job, she has spent much of her time prosecuting drug crimes. she loves the discretion and the attendant power her job gives her. dianne spends a great deal of her time prosecuting drug crimes. what is another type of crime that would occupy much of her time?
Answers
"Dianne spends a great deal of her time prosecuting drug crimes. Another type of crime that would occupy much of her time would be white collar."
Dianne works for the federal gov-ernor as a prosecutor in district 5, which is loc-ated in Dallas, Texas. In her 3 years at the job, she has spent much of her time prosecuting drug crimes. She loves the dis-cretion & the attend-ant power her job gi-ves her. She also spends time prosecuting whte collar crimes.
White collar crime is typically non violent in nature & includes public corruption, health care trickery, mortgage fraud, securities fraud, & money laundering, to name a few.
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which program shifted more of the responsibility of running welfare programs onto individual states and mandated time limits for the number of months a person can receive aid
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In the US, poverty is determined by comparing an individual's or family's income to the poverty line, which is the minimum amount of money required to meet essential expenses.
How Is Poverty Measured?In the US, poverty is determined by comparing an individual's or family's income to the poverty line, which is the minimum amount of money required to meet essential expenses. The term "poor" refers to people whose income is below that limit.The federal organisation tasked with gauging poverty is the U.S. Census Bureau. It accomplishes this by utilising two key measurements, the official poverty measure and the Supplemental Poverty Measure, both of which are discussed in this FAQ.By comparing pre-tax cash income to a cutoff that was set at three times the price of a minimal food diet in 1963 and adjusted for family size, the Census Bureau determines whether a person is considered to be living in poverty. This method is known as the official poverty measure (OPM).Calculations of these three factors—income, threshold, and family—are used by the OPM to determine what proportion of the population is considered to be poor.To Learn more About poverty line, refer to:
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what is resources????
Plz give me soon answer
Answers
Which push factor caused both Irish and Chinese people to come to
the United States during the 1800s?
A. religious freedom
B. political freedom
C. escape from poverty
D. sense of adventure
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity.
a tax on imported goods
Answers
Answer: A tariff
Explanation: America buys goods from china to be brought over to the us
Based on the information shown on the map, what can be inferred about the battles of the War of 1812?
A. The most important American victories took place in the Northeast.
B. The battles occurred near water so troops could be easily transported.
C. The trade along the East Coast was greatly affected by the British blockade.
D. The American troops traveled by land due to the lack of an American navy.
Answers
C
In the War of 1812, caused by British restrictions on U.S. trade and America’s desire to expand its territory, the United States took on the greatest naval power in the world, Great Britain
In most situations, a _____ is regarded as open and can only be closed by showing a substantial probability of harm to some other compelling interest.
Answers
In most situations, a burden of proof is regarded as open and can only be closed by showing a substantial probability of harm to some other compelling interest.
What is a burden of proof?Burden of proof is a legal duty that encompasses two connected but separate ideas that apply for establishing the truth of facts in a trial before tribunals.
Therefore, the answer is burden of proof.
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If all of Earth's history were compressed into an hour, humans would first appear lessthanA) 1 second ago.B) 10 seconds ago.C) 1 minute ago.D) 10 minutes ago.E) 50 minutes ago
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The time since humans first appeared on Earth would take up less than one second if the entire history of the planet were compressed into one hour. Here option A is the correct answer.
The Earth is estimated to be around 4.5 billion years old. If we compress this vast span of time into an hour, we need to convert the years to seconds. There are approximately 31,536,000 seconds in a year, so multiplying that by 4.5 billion gives us roughly 141,912,000,000,000 seconds.
Now, if we divide this enormous number of seconds by 3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour), we find that each second represents approximately 39,420,000 years.
Given that humans have been on Earth for about 200,000 years, we divide this number by 39,420,000 to determine how many seconds would represent the appearance of humans. The result is roughly 5.06 seconds.
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Which of the following was a main cause of the US-MEXICAN War?
A:Mexican attacks on San Antonio
B: Mexican resistance to American Indian raids
C:US drive to spread democracy
D:US desire for new lands
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US desire for new lands was a main cause of the US-Mexican War.
The Mexican-American War, which lasted from April 1846 to February 1848, was a confrontation between the United States and Mexico. It resulted in the U.S. capturing more than 500,000 square miles of Mexican land spanning west from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean.
This war was won by the Americans and condemned by its contemporary detractors as expansionist. It was caused by the American annexation of the Republic of Texas in 1845 and a disagreement as to whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (a claim made by Mexico) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim).
the correct answer is option D.
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Miranda warnings have been restricted by all of the following except: a. Antonin Scalia. b. Sonia Sotomayor. c. John Roberts. d. Samuel Alito.
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The landmark Miranda warnings have been restricted by all of the following justices except b. Sonia Sotomayor.
Miranda warnings refer to the 1966 court case that mandated police to compulsorily inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights.
Justices Antonin Scalia, John Roberts, and Samuel Alito in their majority ruling limited Miranda warnings, while Justice Sonia Sotomayor declined to join the majority judgment.
Thus, the Miranda warnings have not been restricted by b. Sonia Sotomayor.
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why competent people are produced by a country
Answers
which of the following was not a presidential goal of james polk
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Answer:
Polk was very interested in buying California from Mexico. However, Mexico refused to sell it. So Polk sent troops at the Rio Grande river to encourage the Mexican army to fire, therefore declaring the Mexican-American War. After the American victory, Polk got California New Mexico territory for 15 million dollars. He also got the Texas southern border to be at the Rio Grande river.
Answer:
zxcvbn
Explanation:
Zxcvbn
For which of the following behaviors would it be most essential for the nurse to use limit setting? A. Dependence B. Avoidance C. Suspicion D. Manipulation.
Answers
The behavior for which it would be most essential for the nurse to use limit setting is D. Manipulation. Limit setting refers to the act of establishing rules or boundaries that restrict certain behaviors.
Manipulation is a behavior that involves controlling, exploiting, or taking advantage of others for one's benefit. It can be a challenging behavior to deal with, as it can be subtle and difficult to identify. This is why limit setting is critical when dealing with manipulative behavior. By setting limits, the nurse can help establish boundaries and prevent the manipulative behavior from becoming excessive or harmful.
Limit setting is essential when dealing with manipulation because it can help establish boundaries and limit the behavior's negative effects. Manipulative behavior can be harmful to others, and if left unchecked, it can become a severe problem. By setting limits, the nurse can help manage the behavior, reduce its impact, and prevent it from escalating. In doing so, the nurse can help promote a safe and healthy environment for everyone involved.In conclusion, the behavior for which it would be most essential for the nurse to use limit setting is manipulation.
This is because manipulation can be harmful to others, and if left unchecked, it can become a severe problem. By setting limits, the nurse can help establish boundaries, manage the behavior, reduce its impact, and promote a safe and healthy environment for everyone involved.
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With a properly set rear view mirror, you should be able to see at least _____ feet behind the vehicle.
Answers
With a properly set rearview mirror, you should be able to see at least 200 feet behind the vehicle.
A rearview mirror is a vehicle's exterior mirror that enables the driver to see what is happening behind them. It is a primary safety feature for all vehicles, including cars, buses, trucks, and others. A properly set rearview mirror is one of the most important things to consider when driving.
You must be aware of what is happening behind you to avoid collisions and ensure the safety of other drivers. The rearview mirror should be adjusted to maximize the view from the driver's seat. Therefore, you should be able to see at least 200 feet behind the vehicle.
How to adjust your rearview mirror: Start by adjusting your side mirrors so that you can see the sides of your car. Then, position the rearview mirror so that you can see the entire rear window. When driving, if the rearview mirror is properly adjusted, you will be able to see the cars behind you without having to move your head. The rearview mirror should be adjusted so that it is level with your eyes and no part of the rear window is visible.
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What differentiates extension from hypertension?
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What is the longest above-water mountain range in the world?.
Answers
Answer:
The mid-ocean ridge is the longest mountain range on Earth.
The longest mountain range on Earth is called the mid-ocean ridge. Spanning 40,389 miles around the globe, it's truly a global landmark.
Explanation:
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in which of the following ways are consequentialist and nonconsequentialist theories similar? a. both agree that breaking promises is always wrong. b. neither is primarily about evaluating persons as good or bad. c. both prioritize the respect for moral rights. d. both focus on producing as much good as possible.
Answers
The consequentialist and non-consequentialist theories are similar as both focus on producing as much good as possible.
What is consequentialism?In ethical philosophy, consequentialism is a group of normative, teleological ethical theories that contends that the ultimate standard for determining whether one's actions are right or wrong is the consequences of those actions. A morally justified action (or inaction, from a consequentialist perspective) is one that leads to a favorable result. Consequentialism and eudaimonism belong to the larger subcategory of teleological ethics, a school of thought that maintains that an action's moral worth is determined by how likely it is to result in things having intrinsic value. Consequentialists generally argue that a course of action is morally correct if and only if it will, is likely to, or is intended to result in a higher balance of good over evil than any other feasible course of action.
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Distinguish Identify three skills or talents that the author believes those who are different develop in high school. (b) Extend For each skill or talent you list, explain how it may be useful in later life.
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The three skills that the author believes to develop in high school are displaying emotions, developing creativity and problem solving skills.
The author wants the students to develop certain skills which will help the students to enhance their personality. The skills that the author wants the students to develop are the development of problem solving skills in the students, the pursuance of their level of creativity and the display of emotion.
The development of problem solving skills will help the students to make quick decisions and also increase their efficiency and help them to tackle any problem. The students should also work on their creativity as to have a creative mind leads to new innovative ideas and technology. Having a sense of emotion helps the students to display high commitment towards their work and also have a sense of respect towards other people.
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Which action would be expected from a fascist government?
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Answer:
Going to synagogue or church is strictly regulated or even forbidden.
Children attend a morning assembly at school to learn patriotic songs, slogans, and goals in support of the government.
The government requires a small business owner to make all business and accounting books available for government scrutiny and use.
Ending freedom of speech
I took a quiz
Based on this pie chart, which statements about the
world's population are accurate? Check all that apply
Asia
4.9%
20.5%
Africa
Europe
10.0%
North America is the region with the smallest
percentage of the world's population
The population of Africa is greater than the
populations of North America and Europe combined.
The percentage of the world's population living in all
other regions combined is equal to that of Asia
Asia is the region with the greatest percentage of the
world's population
Less than one percent of the world's population lives
in Oceania
16.15
59.8%
Latin America and
the Caribbean
North America
Oceania.
Answers
Answer:
Based on this pie chart, which statements about the
world's population are accurate? Check all that apply
Explanation:
Europe
give reasons why agro based industries are important?
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Explanation:
all branches of agro based industry are very important because they increase industrial products, provide employment, earnForeign Exchange, increase income level and also provide employment to women and provide base for development for backward areas.
Andressa clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with
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Given Andressa's presentation of psychotic symptoms alongside symptoms of bipolar disorder, she received a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.
Schizoaffective disorder is a mental health condition that shares characteristics of both schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Individuals with schizoaffective disorder experience a combination of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, and mood symptoms, including episodes of mania or depression.
In Andressa's case, her manifestation of psychotic symptoms suggests the presence of psychosis, which is commonly associated with schizophrenia. However, her presentation of symptoms related to bipolar disorder, such as mood swings and episodes of mania or depression, indicates a co-occurring mood disorder.
The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is given when an individual meets the criteria for both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, and the symptoms are present for a significant period without being solely attributable to the effects of substances or another medical condition.
It is important to note that making a diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional, taking into account the individual's history, symptoms, and other relevant factors. The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder would be determined based on clinical judgment and adherence to diagnostic criteria outlined in established classification systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
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professor valletta believes that identical twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. his idea is best described as a(n)
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Professor valletta believes that identical twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. his idea is best described as Theory.
These studies revealed that IQ is probably genetic. We can tell because identical twins' IQs are almost consistently the same but also non-identical twins' IQs are only occasionally the same.
It was discovered, among other things, that twins are approximately 85 percent similar in terms of IQ, whereas twins are approximately 60 percent similar. This appears to imply that genes account for half of the variance in intelligence.
Twins have identical dna but not identical brains because learning causes morphological alterations in the brain and sometimes even twins will have various societal experiences, learning experiences, and thus will end up with different brains.
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Light can only penetrate the top ______ meter of ocean water leaving _______ % of the depth in total darkne
Answers
Light can only penetrate the top 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, leaving 99% of the depth in total darkness.
Ocean depths below 200 meters (656 feet) are known as the "midnight zone" due to the complete darkness that resides there. These depths are largely unexplored due to the extreme pressure and near-freezing temperatures present.
Light can only penetrate the top 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water because of the absorption and scattering of light by the water molecules. This means that the deeper you go into the ocean, the darker it gets. The top 200 meters (656 feet) of the ocean is known as the euphotic zone because it is the only part of the ocean where light is bright enough for photosynthesis to occur. Below this level, the ocean is known as the aphotic zone, and is in total darkness. This aphotic zone comprises 99% of the ocean's depth, making it a vast and mysterious part of the world.
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What year was Shirley Chisholm born
Answers
Answer:
November 30, 1924
Explanation: