PLEASE HELP I only have tomorrow morning to get my grade up.
Prompt: What is the importance of spectral lines from stars and what do they tell us about the Universe?
Answers
Answer:
B. The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the star’s radius.
Explanation:
A.
The effective temperature of a star can be determined by means of its spectrum¹ and Wien's displacement law.
Since stars behave in a local way as a blackbody, it will take the wavelength at which is the peak of emission greater in the continuum (see the image below).
Then, the maximum peak of emission () will be replaced in the next equation of the Wien's displacement law:
(1)
Where T is the effective temperature of the star.
Bodies that are hot enough emits light as consequence of its temperature. For example, a iron bar in contact with fire will start to change colors as the temperature increase, until it gets to a blue color, which its know as Wien's displacement law. Which establishes that the peak of emission for the spectrum will be displaced to shorter wavelengths as the temperature increase.
The same scenario described above can be found in the stars, a star whit higher temperature will have a blue color and one with lower temperature, a red color.
B.
Since star does not have the same size, they have different brightness, That is because the photons have a free mean path greater in a bigger radius.
So a star brightness is a consequence of its radius.
C.
Spectral lines will be shifted to the blue part of the spectrum1 if the source of the observed light is moving toward the observer, or to the red part of the spectrum when it is moving away from the observer (that is known as the Doppler effect).
By using that shift in the spectral lines, the Doppler velocity can be determined.
(2)
Where is the wavelength shift, is the wavelength at rest, v is the velocity of the source and c is the speed of light.
D. When a photon is absorbed by an electron in an atom of a particular element in the star photosphere, the electron will be pass to a higher state, when it comes back to the ground state, a photon will be emitted again. If the emitted photon does not go in the same direction of the incident photon an absorption line will be created in the spectrum of the star.
This patterns of spectral lines in the spectrum of the star are compared with the patterns that are got by lamps of that element in a laboratory.
Key term:
¹Spectrum: decomposition of light in its characteristic colors (wavelengths).
The radius of the star is determined by the total quantity of light in the spectrum.
What is the importance of spectral lines?
Information about a star's temperature, chemical makeup, and inherent brightness may be found in its spectrum. A series of photographs taken at various wavelengths of the slit in the star's light make up spectrograms produced by slit spectrographs.
If the star's spectral resolution (or dispersion) is good enough, it may be possible to determine if it is part of a near-binary system, rotating quickly, or has a large atmosphere. It then becomes feasible to quantify its chemical makeup. A thorough examination of the star's high-resolution spectra may show signs of a powerful magnetic field.
Transitions of electrons within atoms or ions result in spectral lines. Energy in the form of light (or other radiation) is released or absorbed when the electrons of an atom (or of an ion) travel closer to or further away from the nucleus.
Therefore, the total quantity of light seen in the spectrum reveals the radius of the star.
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Related Questions
Viruses are particles that Select one: a. contain DNA or RNA which can be injected into a cell. b. have an exterior coat composed of protein. c. can contain an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction to make DNA from the viral RNA. d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Answers
Answer:
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
Explanation:
Viruses have an exterior coat composed of protein, the capsid. Inside of it, there is DNA or RNA. When the virus has RNA, it has an enzyme that allows the synthesis of DNA from RNA. This type of virus is a retrovirus since it does the inverse process, from RNA, it gives DNA and not the other way round.
First, as the capsid has proteins, it attaches to a receptor in the cell's membrane. Then the DNA or ARN enters the cell taking it as a host since it uses the cell's structure to replicate the viral DNA and make viral proteins and DNA that then it assembles to form new viruses that will be released to infect other cells.
classify these hypothesis about the ocean as falseifiable or non falsifiable
Answers
The hypotheses classified according to Falsifiable or Non-Falsifiable are given as follows:
Falsifiable:
Reason: When limestone comes into touch with a weak acid, such as carbonic acid, it erodes. Basalt interacts with ocean water; the silicon tetrahedra in basalt break down, allowing silica into the solution. Given that both erode when they come in contact with seawater, the hypothesis is therefore falsifiable.
"Warm ocean water is more enjoyable to swim in than cool ocean water."Reason: This is inaccurate because, while swimming in warm water boosts metabolism and speed since it is roughly 90 degrees Fahrenheit, swimming in cool water is safer because the bodies of living beings react better to cold water temperatures.
Non-Falsifiable:
"The rugged Panama coastline offers a wonderful experience for fishing enthusiasts."Reason: It is right since the protected water in such regions is a haven for a plethora of red fishes. The mangroves are also near to beaches with lagoons, which are popular fishing spots.
"Shallower tide pools offer much algal growth."Reason: It is right because each high tide feeds nutrients to the algae that live in such regions, allowing a complicated food chain among numerous creatures to refill.
What is a Falsifiable and Non-Falsifiable Hypothesis?A hypothesis or model is said to be falsifiable if an experimental observation can be made that disproves the notion in the issue.
That is, one of the possible results of the intended experiment must be a response that, if received, would refute the hypothesis.
If a statement, hypothesis, or notion is falsifiable, the potential of proving it wrong exists. It is non-falsifiable if there is no means to prove it wrong.
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Full Question:
Classify these hypotheses about the ocean as falsifiable or non-falsifiable:
Limestone erodes faster than basalt when exposed to ocean salinewater. Warm ocean water is more enjoyable to swim in than cool ocean water. The rugged Panama coastline offers a wonderful experience for fishing enthusiasts. Shallower tide pools support more algae growth.
Please help I’ll mark Brainlyest
Answers
Answer:
Hello
Explanation:
y is plasma membrane and x seems to be RER because it has some dots those dots seem to be ribosomes
a bacterial mutant grows normally at 32oc but at 42oc accumulates short segments of newly synthesized dna. which one of the following enzymes is most likely to be defective at the nonpermissive temperature (the higher temperature) in this mutant?
Answers
Okazaki fragments are the brief pieces of freshly created DNA that build up at 42 °C. DNA ligase, which typically connects them, most likely has decreased activity at 42°C in this mutant.
The cells would contain short DNA fragments if the ligase were not active because Okazaki fragments would not be linked during replication. DNA strands are cut in the center and at the ends, respectively, by endonucleases and exonucleases. They, like DNA polymerase, do not assemble fragments. The parental strands Okazaki fragments are "unzipped" by unwinding enzymes, and if they were malfunctioning, DNA synthesis would probably not take place at the non permissive temperature and small DNA fragments would not accumulate.
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Which of the following is an example of a group behavior that enhances survival?
Please Select all that apply.
O male peacocks attracting females with a colorful tail
O Schooling in fish
O an opossum playing dead to escape a predator
O lions hunting in packs
Answers
Answer:
The other person is rigth
Explanation:
what waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? what waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? lactic acid ethyl alcohol pyruvic acid creatine
Answers
Yeast produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol when it is anaerobic.
They do this through a process known as fermentation in which glucose molecules are consumed. Because the carbon dioxide produced during the baking process aids in the bread's rising, yeast is added.
What about anaerobic conditions?When the intake or loss of oxygen exceeds that of its production through photosynthesis or diffusion by physical transfer from the surrounding environment, anaerobic conditions are present. Due to the availability of organic material, microbial respiration typically consumes oxygen. A set of metabolic processes allow cells to regenerate their energy under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation is the name given to this process. The Krebs cycle is stopped when there is an anaerobic environment. Clostridium botulinum and the microorganisms that dwell close to hydrothermal vents on the deep-sea ocean floor are two examples of obligate anaerobes. Organisms that can tolerate the presence of oxygen but cannot use it for growth. Anaerobes that can develop in the absence of oxygen yet use it when it is available. When referring to plants, the terms "hypoxic" or "anaerobic conditions". When there is little to no oxygen available in the substrate or soil. Water replaces the oxygen that was present in the soil profile's pores. The microbial, fungal, and plant activities quickly deplete any remaining oxygen when saturated conditions persist.Learn more about anaerobic conditions here:
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Which of the following is the most likely reason the Moon can NOT support life?
А
It has many craters, indicating that it has an atmosphere too weak to protect life
B
It has many craters, indicating that is has a magnetic field too powerful for life.
С
It has many dark spots, indicating volcanic activity too extreme for life.
D
It has many light spots, indicating frozen ice that is too cold for life.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
B is not true because the amount of craters does not indicate how powerful the magnetic field is, it indicates how much gravity there is.
C is not true because the dark spots are igneous rock, dried lava. That means that there WAS volcanic activity, in the past.
D is not true because the light spots on the moon are not ice, they are simply a lighter colored rock.
A is true because meteors will burn up in the atmosphere of planets because of friction, so not all the meteors will hit said planet. But if there isn't an atmosphere, all of the meteors will hit that planet. (or in this case, moon)
Answer:
What actions by humans prevent ecosystems from fulfilling regulatory functions?
What are the differences between deforestation and degradation in forests?
Answers
Answer: For the first question, altering land/habitats, modifying ecosystems - change the biogeochemical cycle. A list would be; Agriculture, Deforestation, Overpopulation, Plastic Production, Production of black carbon.
Secondly, the differences between deforestation & degradation is that deforestation is when forests is converted yo non-forest uses- for example, turning forest land into agriculture or roads. Degradation happens when forests lose their capacity abilities to provide goods for the nature & us humans.
Explanation: 1. These affect the ecosystem because in order for humans to survive, they use natural resources from ecosystems that harms them.
What does gel electrophoresis do?
Answers
Answer:
A. separates DNA fragments so they can be seen
Marta observed a flowing stream in a sandy area. She developed a claim that water flowing over sand will create a curved and winding channel. How can she test this idea in the Flowing Water Model?
Answers
As she observed various patterns and designs, Marta developed a claim that water flowing over sand will create a curved arc.
Water has evolved a variety of uses over time. Water has numerous applications, including hydroelectricity generation and a variety of other sources that humans can clearly use wisely.
A flowing stream always flows in different directions, creating patterns and designs for observers to enjoy, giving them a sense of mental peace and self-satisfaction.
A river can be wide and deep, or it can be shallow enough to wade across. A stream, creek, or brook is a flowing body of water smaller than a river. Some rivers flow all year, while others flow only during certain seasons or after heavy rain.
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22. Highlight the correct answer of each underlined pair. UV radiation has shorter longer
wavelengths and
lower/higher energy than visible light and infrared radiation.
Answers
Answer:
shorter and higher
Explanation:
UV is further along in the EM spectrum so has a higher frequency and shorter wavelengths than visible light.
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are nitrogenous bases that belong to
DNA
RNA
none of the above
Answers
Answer:
RNA
Explanation:
Uracil is for RAN and Thymine is for DNA
A person can have hundreds of different type of cells because:different cells result from genetic variation in meiosis.different cell types have different genes.different cell types all have the same genes but have different genes active.None of these choices is correct.
Answers
Humans have specialized cells in the body. Each cell type performs a unique function. Humans have different type of cells with different structures and functions.
All the cells in a human's body contain the same DNA. However, the human body is composed of many different types of cells. Because of gene regulation, each cell type possess a different set of active genes although all the cells of the body contain the same DNA.
Answer - different cell types all have the same genes but have different genes active.
Find the area inside the cardioid =6−4cos(theta).
Answers
Numerous natural formations display the cardioid shape, which has biological relevance, which is determined by the equation r = 6 - 4cos().
The form of some animal hearts, including those of some cephalopods and sea gastropods, is one striking example. These species' cardioid-shaped hearts have developed to help them efficiently pump blood throughout their bodies. Their physiological demands are supported by the high blood flow that is maintained by the cardioid shape's narrowing apex. Additionally, certain flower species, such as several cyclamen species, have a cardioid-like arrangement of their petals. By offering an ideal landing site, its design helps to draw pollinators. The cardioid shape thus exhibits functional modifications for circulation and reproduction in biology.
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--The complete Question is, What is the biological significance of the cardioid shape in nature? Explain any patterns or phenomena observed in biological structures that resemble or approximate a cardioid shape. How does the equation for the cardioid, given as r = 6 - 4cos(θ), relate to these biological structures? Discuss any potential implications of the equation for understanding the functions or adaptations of organisms that exhibit cardioid-like structures. Provide examples of organisms or biological systems where the cardioid shape is prominent and explain how this shape benefits their survival, reproduction, or other biological processes. --
What do you call a substance with a pH of 6?
Answers
Answer:
i copied this i just hope it helps if not i dont know
Explanation:
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. ... Water with a pH of five is ten times more acidic than water having a pH of six. As this diagram shows, pH ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs less than 7 are acidic while pHs greater than 7 are alkaline
Which scenario is an example of an organism displaying evolutionary adaptations that help it survive and reproduce?
-A skunk gives birth in the fall as food becomes scarce.
-A mother sea turtle lays her eggs in the surf during low tide.
The female salamander lays several masses of 7 to 40 eggs about 6 inches below the water's surface.
-A female polar bear gives birth during the Arctic summer when the largest number of predators are active.
Answers
Evolutionary adaptation is extremely necessary for the survival of the species, to answer we need to understand about.....
Evolutionary adaptationEvolutionary adaptation is defined as the alteration or adjustment in structure or habits which is hereditary, and by which a species or individual improves its ability to survive and pass on its genes in relationship to the environment.
Polar bearThe polar bear is an animal that has, when compared to other mammals, a low reproductive rate. This animal usually gives birth to twins, after a gestation period that lasts from 195 to 265 days. The young are born inside burrows, which are dug by the mother herself. After hatching, the chicks stay in the den for about three months. When they are born, they weigh approximately 0.6 kg, are blind and have few hairs. When they come out of the burrow, after feeding for months on breast milk, they weigh more than 10 kg.
With this information, we can say that the mother polar bear needs winter for its reproduction, because it needs to burrow in the snow, but due to global warming, polar bears had to Evolutionary adaptation to continue to reproduce.
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the most basic concepts of cell thoery are that cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of cells. which answer correctly explains why these concepts are the basis of a thoery and not a hypothesis? A. cell theory explains how cells function rather than predicting how they function. B. cell theory does not change and as a result can be accepted as fact. C. cell theory is a prediction based on observation and not fully accepted idea. D. cell theory remains largely untested rather than being subject to testing.
Answers
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
That is the definition of theory
2. Why should credit at reasonable rates be available for all?
Answers
Answer:
It helps peoples to pay their credit without facing any difficulties and problems. it makes easier for all.
how is chloroplast similar to bacterium??
Answers
Answer:
it i simlr because they are both i the cell
Explanation:
in the cell
Answer:
they are similar in size. duplicate their DNA and other structures and then divide into two identical organelles
A student plans to make this lightbulb glow. All of the following objects can be used to complete the circuit
EXCEPT
Acopper Denny
A metal clin
Aulastic comb
Answers
Answer: C
Explanation:
please help me ill give brainless
Answers
Answer:
A. cell theory
Explanation: The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come from preexisting life. The cell theory is so established today that it forms one of the unifying principles of biology.
I took the study Island test. I really hope this helps!! :) Have a great spring break!!
there are no real boundaries for natural systems. explain how this applies to systems in the human body. explain why scientists establish boundaries for natural systems.
Answers
Stabilizing boundaries is an idea to relate that humans can keep the resilience and stability of Ecosystem in mind. If these boundaries are crossed, That would effect environment and lead to drastic or inevitable planetary changes.
The planetary boundaries have a negative effect on other planetary boundary because of Earth environment. Example include, if their is a change in climatic condition ecosystem may be badly effected and may cause difficulty in human interference.
It is considered that smaller the system, the sharper is its boundary. Large systems may have multiple boundaries as they interface with multiple systems.
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People/ humans come help crazy people hahhahahaha xd lolo everting crazy
the total length of a path taken by an object to travel from one place to other is called ---------a. speed b. velocity c. displacement d. distance traveled
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Answers
In the diagram below of a human skeleton, what is the name of the bone
labeled K?
O A. Tibia
OB. Femur
C. Fibula
D. Humerus
bib Coge
Vertebra
B
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
C
D
E
Cranium
G
H
K
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Answers
The part labelled K is called from the skeleton image, the femur. Option B
What is the skeleton?
The skeleton, also known as the skeletal system or the bony framework, is the internal framework of the human body that provides support, structure, and protection. It is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
The human skeleton consists of approximately 206 bones that are classified into two main categories: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs (arms and legs), shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.
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Expatriate failure can be reduced through training, but despite the known benefits of training, one study showed that only about Blank______ of managers sent on an expatriate assignment receive training prior to departure.
Answers
Despite the known benefits of training in reducing expatriate failure, one study revealed that only a relatively low percentage of managers, approximately blank, receive training prior to departure for an expatriate assignment.
Training plays a crucial role in preparing managers for the challenges they may face during an expatriate assignment. It helps them develop the necessary skills, knowledge, and cultural sensitivity to navigate unfamiliar environments and effectively carry out their responsibilities. However, despite its importance, research indicates that the proportion of managers who receive training prior to their departure is surprisingly low.
The specific percentage mentioned in the question is missing, so it is not possible to provide an exact value. However, studies have shown that the percentage of managers receiving pre-departure training for expatriate assignments can vary significantly across organizations and industries. Factors such as cost constraints, time limitations, and a lack of awareness about the benefits of training may contribute to the low training rates.
It is worth emphasizing the importance of providing adequate training to expatriate managers. Training programs can cover a range of topics including cross-cultural communication, adaptation strategies, and job-specific skills relevant to the host country's business environment. By investing in comprehensive pre-departure training, organizations can enhance the success of expatriate assignments, reduce the likelihood of expatriate failure, and maximize the potential benefits derived from international assignments.
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A. They contain double-stranded DNA
B. They are similar in size to eukaryotic cells
C. They contain their own RNA
D. They can replicate themselves within the cell
Answers
Answer: A or D
Explanation:
which nutrient transport of other nutrients to the mitochondria of the plant cells. group of answer choices
Answers
The mitochondria main function in a plant cell is to produce energy through cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Plant mitochondria inner membrane is invaded, resulting in cristae, or folds, that enhance the membrane's surface area. Due to the presence of the pore-forming protein VDAC (voltage dependent anion channel), an ion channel from the porin family, the outer membrane has a relatively low protein content (100) and is permeable to the majority of small molecules (Mr = 5 kDa). Numerous carrier proteins, many of which are members of the mitochondrial substrate carrier family, govern the inner membrane of the organelle, which serves as its principal permeability barrier (MSCF). The inner membrane also serves as a home for the enormous complexes that carry out electron transport in two related pathways that lead to two terminal oxidases. Additionally, it is the site of oxidative phosphorylation and possesses a non-phosphorylating bypass of the conventional ETC (OxPhos). The inner membrane also encloses the soluble matrix, which includes the TCA cycle enzymes and countless other soluble proteins involved in a variety of mitochondrial functions.
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In the deep south, pigweed has become resistant to herbicides which is making it harder to grow cotton. The weed will ruin tractors and requires manual labor to remove. The ppc could have a horizontal axis labeled as ______
Answers
In the given scenario, where pigweed has developed resistance to herbicides and poses challenges to cotton production in the deep south, the horizontal axis of the Production Possibilities Curve (PPC) could be labeled as "Labor-Intensive Techniques vs. Mechanization."
This labeling reflects the trade-off between employing labor-intensive techniques, such as manual weeding to control pigweed, and relying on mechanization, represented by the use of tractors and herbicides. The PPC illustrates the different combinations of labor-intensive techniques and mechanization that can be utilized in cotton production.
On one end of the spectrum, allocating more resources towards labor-intensive techniques involves manual labor for removing pigweed, which requires additional human effort and potentially higher costs. This option is depicted at one extreme of the horizontal axis.
On the other end, increasing mechanization implies a greater reliance on machinery, such as tractors and herbicides, to control pigweed efficiently. However, the resistant weed's ability to damage tractors introduces limitations and risks associated with this approach. This alternative is represented at the opposite extreme of the horizontal axis.
The PPC showcases the various trade-offs between labor-intensive techniques and mechanization, aiming to find an optimal balance that maximizes cotton production while effectively managing the challenges posed by pigweed resistance. It helps decision-makers visualize the available choices and make informed decisions regarding resource allocation and management strategies in response to the pigweed issue.
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The diagram shows an energy pyramid.
If the flowers contain 50,000 kcal of energy, about how much energy will the lizard obtain from eating the butterfly?
500 kcal
5,000 kcal
50,000 kcal
500,000 kcal
Answers
Answer: I would say 500 kcal
I’m not 100% sure though
Please comment if it’s right!
Answer:
A. 500 kcal
Explanation:
every cunsumer it passes it losses a zero
50,000 flower
5,000 butterfly
500 lizard
What would happen if, for some reason, your body wasn’t able to maintain homeostasis in response to a stressor, either because of a failure in the control response system or because the stressor was too extreme for your body to counteract? Why would this happen? Provide an example of a failure to maintain homeostasis in your answer.
Answers
Answer:
it must be controlled or a disease/disorder may result. Your body systems work together to maintain balance.