Please explain the 2nd law of thermodynamics and give a example

Given

A m=3.5 kg artillery shell is shot out of a cannon at v=375 m/s. It plunges into enemy bunker to s=1.3 m.

To find

The force

Explanation

Let the force be F.

By work-energy theorem,

Work done is equivalent to the energy.

Thus,

Conclusion

The force that the shell exerts is

Answer:

the material

Explanation:

weight is defined as the amount of force on the object because of gravity. ping pong balls and bouncy balls are made out of different materials that are different weights. most bouncy balls are also not hollow, unlike ping pong balls. these factors affect the weight of these objects.

With the use of a magnetometer, the magnetism or magnetic field of the human body can be measured or demonstrated.

A magnetometer is a device used to measure the magnetic field or the magnetic dipole moment. Magnetometers of various sorts measure the direction, intensity, or relative change of a magnetic field at a specific area.

A magnetometer is a scientific tool that measures the intensity of magnetic fields. Magnetometers may be used on land to locate iron ore reserves for mining.

Magnetometers are instruments that can detect the amount or direction of a magnetic field. They may be found practically anywhere in electronics. They might be as basic as the one used by your smartphone to identify whether it is upright or as complicated as the one used by NASA to assess Mars' magnetic field.

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Answer:

The  motion of a transverse wave would be described as perpendicular to the wave direction.

Explanation:

The motion of a transverse wave is perpendicular to the wave propagation.

A transverse wave is an oscillating wave in physics that advances in the opposite direction of its oscillations. A longitudinal wave, on the other hand, moves in the direction of its oscillations. Transverse waves include water waves.

The waves that can be made on a horizontal length of string by anchoring one end and moving the other end up and down provide a straightforward example.  The waves that are produced on a drum's membrane serve as another illustration. Each point in the membrane moves up and down, perpendicular to the membrane plane, as the waves move in directions parallel to the membrane plane.

Another example of a transverse wave is light, which has electric and magnetic fields as oscillations.

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Answer:

Option C

Explanation:

Given that

Motor force is 250 N

Force of friction is 750 N

Weight is 8500 N

And, the normal force is 8500 N

Now based on the above information

Here length of the rector shows the relative magnitude forward force i.e. 250 N i..e lower than the frictional force i.e. backward and weight i.e. 8500 would be equivalent to the normal force

if the values of mass (m) and radius (R) are provided, the moment of inertia of the body about an axis through the center of disk A can be calculated as (3/2) * m * R^2, and the kinetic energy of the rotating body would be 162 * m * R^2 Joules.

To calculate the moment of inertia of the body about an axis through the center of disk A, we need to consider the moment of inertia contributions from each individual disk and add them up.

Let's denote the moment of inertia of each disk as I_A, I_B, and I_C, respectively. The moment of inertia of a disk rotating about its center can be calculated using the formula:

I = (1/2) * m * r^2

Where m is the mass of the disk and r is its radius.

Since the struts have negligible weight, we can assume that each disk has the same mass.

Let's assume the mass of each disk is m and the radius of each disk is R.

The moment of inertia of disk A (I_A) is given by:

I_A = (1/2) * m * R^2

The moment of inertia of disk B (I_B) and disk C (I_C) will be the same since they have the same mass and radius:

I_B = I_C = (1/2) * m * R^2

The total moment of inertia of the body about the axis through the center of disk A (I_total) is the sum of the individual moment of inertias:

I_total = I_A + I_B + I_C

= (1/2) * m * R^2 + (1/2) * m * R^2 + (1/2) * m * R^2

= (3/2) * m * R^2

To calculate the kinetic energy of the rotating body, we can use the formula:

Kinetic Energy = (1/2) * I_total * ω^2

Substituting the given values:

Kinetic Energy = (1/2) * ((3/2) * m * R^2) * (6.0 rad/s)^2

Simplifying further, if the values of m and R are given, we can calculate the moment of inertia and kinetic energy.

Assuming that the values of mass (m) and radius (R) are given, we can calculate the moment of inertia (I_total) and kinetic energy.

For the given values of ω = 6.0 rad/s and the previously calculated I_total:

I_total = (3/2) * m * R^2

Kinetic Energy = (1/2) * I_total * ω^2

= (1/2) * [(3/2) * m * R^2] * (6.0 rad/s)^2

= (9/2) * m * R^2 * (36.0 rad^2/s^2)

= 162 * m * R^2 Joules

Therefore, if the values of mass (m) and radius (R) are provided, the moment of inertia of the body about an axis through the center of disk A can be calculated as (3/2) * m * R^2, and the kinetic energy of the rotating body would be 162 * m * R^2 Joules.

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Answer:

of the net electric field at point P due to the two charges.

Explanation:

Around 21.49% of the engine power, or 21.5% rounded to two significant figures, is being used to propel the aircraft upward.

There is always a change in the kinetic energy of an object when a net force acts on it. This happens as a result of the object experiencing an acceleration, which changes its velocity. As a result, we arrive at the work-energy theorem. The work-energy theorem is applicable to forces that are both constant and variable.

Power = (mass) x (gravity) x (vertical speed)

where the mass is 700 kg, gravity is 9.81 m/s², and the vertical speed is 2.5 m/s.

Power = (700 kg) x (9.81 m/s²) x (2.5 m/s)

Power = 17,192.5 W

To find the fraction of the engine power that is being used to make the airplane climb, we need to divide the power used for climbing by the total engine power, which is 80,000 W:

Fraction of engine power = (Power for climbing / Total engine power) x 100%

Fraction of engine power = (17,192.5 W / 80,000 W) x 100%

Fraction of engine power = 21.49%

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Answer:

a) 24525 Newtons

b)240590.25 Joules

c)4009.8375 Watt

d)294300 Joules

Explanation:

a) Weight is a force, and can be calculated by multiplying mass by acceleration due to gravity. Earth's acceleration due to gravity is 9.81m/s/s. To find the water's weight, we multiply its mass (2500) by acceleration due to gravity.

W=mg

=(2500)(9.81)

=24525 Newtons

b) Work is calculated by multiplying force by distance. In this case, the force is the weight (as found in part a) and the distance is 16m.

W=fd

=(24525)(9.81)

=240590.25 Joules

c) Power is calculated by dividing the work by the time. In this case the work is our answer for part b and the time is sixty seconds.

P=w/t

=240590.25/60

=4009.8375 Watt

d) The first bit of part d tells us that (the waters potential energy)(0.75)=(electric energy). To find potential energy, multiply mass by acceleration due to gravity by height.

PE=mgh

=2500*9.81*16

=392400 Joules

Multiply by 0.75 to find electric energy: 294300 Joules

Answer:

Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy

Explanation:

During an avalanche, the  gravitational potential

energy of the snow on the mountain is converted into

kinetic energy as the snow cascades down.

The potential energy stored by the snow collected high in the mountain under the gravitational field created by our Earth, breaks loose and as it comes down acquiring velocity, it is converted into kinetic energy due to its accelerated motion

The potential energy of the lemming when it lands is 0.9108672 J.

To determine the potential energy (PE) of the lemming when it lands, we need to consider the conservation of energy. The potential energy of an object is given by the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.

Given:

Mass of the lemming (m) = 0.0780 kg

Height of the cliff (h) = 5.36 m

First, let's calculate the potential energy when the lemming is on the cliff. Using the given formula, we have:

PE = mgh

PE = 0.0780 kg * 9.8 m/s² * 5.36 m

PE = 0.413616 J

Next, we need to determine the final kinetic energy of the lemming just before it lands. We can use the equation for kinetic energy (KE) given by KE = (1/2)mv², where v is the velocity of the lemming.

Given:

Velocity of the lemming (v) = 4.84 m/s

Calculating the kinetic energy, we have:

KE = (1/2) * 0.0780 kg * (4.84 m/s)²

KE = 0.9108672 J

According to the conservation of energy, the potential energy at the top of the cliff is equal to the kinetic energy just before landing.

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The quantity of heat energy that must be transferred to 2.25 kg of brass to raise its temperature from 20 °C to 240 °C is 195030 J

First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is shown below:

The quantity of heat energy that must be transferred can be obtained as follow:

Q = MCΔT

= 2.25 × 394 × 220

= 195030 J

Thus, we can conclude quantity of heat energy that must be transferred is 195030 J

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Answer:

the canoe moved 1.2234 m in the water

Explanation:

Given that;

A man whose mass = 69 kg

A woman whose mass = 52 kg

at opposite ends of a canoe 5 m long, whose mass is 20 kg

now let;

x1 = position of the man

x2 = position of canoe

x3 = position of the woman

Now,

Centre of mass = [m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3] / m1 + m2 + m3

= ( 69×0 ) + ( 52×5) + ( 20× 5/2) / 69 + 52 + 20

= (0 + 260 + 50 ) / ( 141 )

= 310 / 141

= 2.19858 m

Centre of mass is 2.19858 m

Now, New center of mass will be;

52 × 2.5 / ( 69 + 52 + 20 )

= 130 / 141

= 0.9219858 m  { away from the man }

To get how far, the canoe moved;

⇒ 2.5 + 0.9219858 - 2.19858

= 1.2234 m

Therefore, the canoe moved 1.2234 m in the water

The canoe move in the water will be 1.2234 m. The canoe move depending on the center of mass of the bodies.

The center of mass of an item or set of objects is a place specified relative to it. It's the average location of all the system's components, weighted by their mass.

The centroid is the location of the center of mass for simple rigid objects with homogeneous density. The center of mass of a uniform disc shape, for example, would be at its center.

The given data in the problem is;

m₁ is the mass of man = 69 kg

m₂ is the mass of woman whose= 52 kg

m₃ is the mass  of  canoe =  20 kg

L is the length of canoe = 5 m

x₁ is the position of the man

x₂ is the position of the canoe

x₃ is the position of the woman

The center of mass will be;

\(\rm COM= \frac{[m_1x_1 + m_2x_2 + m_3x_3]}{ m1 + m2 + m3} \\\\ \rm COM= \frac{[69 \times 0 +52 \times 5 + 20 \times 2.5]}{ 69+ 52 + 20} \\\\ \rm COM= (0 + 260 + 50 ) / ( 141 )\\\\ \rm COM = 310 / 141 \\\\ \rm COM = 2.19858 m\)

The new center of mass is;

\(\rm COM= \frac{52 \times 2.5 }{69+52+20} \\\\ \rm COM=\frac{130}{141} \\\\ \rm COM= 0.9219 m\)

The distance to find how the canoe moved will be found by;

\(\rm x= 2.5+0.9219-2.1985 = 1.2234\)

Hence the canoe move in the water will be 1.2234 m.

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The ions are;

S^2- Gained 2 electrons

Li^+ - Lost one electron

Al^3+ - Lost 3 electrons

Cl^- gained one electron

Sr^2+ Lost two electrons

P^3- gained 3 electrons

As an atom or molecule acquires or loses one or more electrons, ions are created. Protons and neutrons make up the positively charged nucleus of an atom, which is encircled by negatively charged electrons. An atom typically has a neutral charge because the amount of electrons and protons in it equals one.

The balance between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons is upset when an atom receives or loses an electron, creating an ion with a positive or negative charge.

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1 Therefore, the kinetic frictional force experienced by the block on the incline is 6.784 N.

2 The magnitude of the velocity of the block at point B is approximately 5.11 m/s.

1. The formula for the kinetic frictional force is given by f = μN, where μ is the coefficient of kinetic friction and N is the normal force. Since the block is on an incline, the normal force can be calculated as N = mg * cos(θ), where θ is the angle of inclination.

N = 4 kg * 9.8 m/s² * cos(30°) = 33.92 N

f = 0.2 * 33.92 N

= 6.784 N

2. Potential energy at point A = mgh, where h is the vertical height of the incline.

Potential energy at point A = 4 kg * 9.8 m/s² * 3 m * sin(30°)

= 58.8 J

The work done by friction is given by W = f * d, where d is the distance traveled along the incline (3 m).

Work done by friction = 6.784 N * 3 m = 20.352 J

Since the work done by friction is negative (opposite to the direction of motion), the total work done on the block is:

Total work = Potential energy at A - Work done by friction

Total work = 58.8 J - 20.352 J = 38.448 J

According to the work-energy theorem, this work done on the block is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. Therefore, we have:

38.448 J = 0.5 * 4 kg * B²

Solving for B, we find:

B = √(38.448 J / (0.5 * 4 kg)) ≈ 5.11 m/s

Therefore, the magnitude of the velocity of the block at point B is approximately 5.11 m/s.

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The total head of the pipe is 430,400 Pa.

The total head of the pipe is the total pressure of the pipe and it is calculated as follows;

Pt = Pi + ¹/₂ρv² + ρgh

where;

Pt = ( 350,000) + ¹/₂(1000)(2)²  +  (1000 x 9.8 x 8)

Pt = 430,400 Pa

Thus, the total head or total pressure of the pipe depends on the density of water, speed of water and height above datum.

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Answer:

920000

Explanation:

Each kg contains 1,000 grams

net force = 30 N

mass = 8.16 kg

acceleration = 3.68 m/s²

Given

80 N force applied

mass of object = 10 kg

Friction force = 50 N

Required

Net force

mass

acceleration

Solution

Net force = force applied(to the right) - friction force(to the left)

Net force = 80 - 50 = 30 N

Gravitational force(downward) : F = mg

m = F : g

m = 80 : 9.8

m = 8.16 kg

a = F net / m

a = 30 / 8.16

a = 3.68 m/s²

Answer:

Maybe when you bump into the refrigerator and the magnet falls?

Explanation:

This is an example of you interacting with electromagnetics because you must have bumped into something and made a magnet fall.

I hope it helps?

If it does help can I have a brainliest?

Thermal expansion is defined as the property of metals to expand when they are heated.

The metal expands when heated because the atoms move apart more.

An excellent method to demonstrate the concept of thermal expansion is using the bar and gauge experiment.

Both the diameter and the length are precisely comparable when both are at room temperature.

The bar will not fit within the gauge once it has been heated and cooled. Similar to the last instance; the bar will no longer fit flush inside the gauge if the gauge is heated and the bar is cooled.

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The mass of Car B is -6000 kg.

To solve this problem, we can apply the principle of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Therefore, we can write the equation for the conservation of momentum as:

(mass of Car A * velocity of Car A) + (mass of Car B * velocity of Car B) = (mass of Car A + mass of Car B) * velocity after collision

Let's substitute the given values into the equation:

(2000 kg * 10 m/s) + (mass of Car B * 0 m/s) = (2000 kg + mass of Car B) * (-5 m/s)

Simplifying the equation:

20000 kg*m/s = -5 m/s * (2000 kg + mass of Car B)

Dividing both sides by -5 m/s:

-4000 kg = 2000 kg + mass of Car B

Subtracting 2000 kg from both sides:

mass of Car B = -4000 kg - 2000 kg

mass of Car B = -6000 kg

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When the automobile arrives at the truck, the two distance functions are equal.

95t−0.210=75t

95t−75t=0.210

25t=0.210

t=0.210

25t=0.0084 hr = 0.504 min = 30.24 s

Light always moves in a straight line. Light in air travels at 1.0003 times the speed of light in a vacuum, slowing it from 299,792,458 metres per second to 299,702,547 metres per second.

Homepage for Einstein's Big Idea. E = mc2. It's the most famous equation in the world, "Mass multiplied by the speed of light squared equals energy." On the most fundamental level, the equation states that energy and mass (matter) are interchangeable; they are various manifestations of the same thing.

The distance a wave travels in a particular length of time, such as the number of metres per second, is referred to as its wave speed.

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Answer:

t=45.4717

Explanation:

Find the speed of the car

93km/h x 1000m/1km x 1hr/3600s =25.833

Find the speed of the truck

74km/h x 1000m/1km x 1hr/3600s=20.555

(25.833-20.555)t=240

t=45.4717

Answer:

15 hours

Explanation:

formula: f(a) = a(0.5)^(T/t)

fill in known values: 13=208(0.5)^(60/t)

use natural log to isolate t:    ln(13/208)=ln(0.5)(60/t)

solve for t: t=15

Answer:

\(v = \sqrt{20h} \)

Explanation:

The potential energy (PE) we are looking here is gravitational potential energy (GPE).

GPE= mgh,

where m is the mass of an object,

g is the gravitational field strength

h is the height of the object

KE= ½mv²,

where m is the mass and v is the velocity

loss in GPE= gain in KE

mgh= ½mv²

gh= ½v² (divide by m throughout)

Assuming that the object is on earth, then g= 10N/Kg

½v²= 10h (substitute g=10)

v²= 20h (×2 on both sides)

v= √20h (square root both sides)

The minimum coefficient of static friction with the floor is 0.3846.

To find the minimum coefficient of static friction with the floor, we need to consider the forces acting on the couch. In this case, the force of gravity is pulling the couch downward with a magnitude of mg, where m is the mass of the couch (40 kg) and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).

Since the couch does not move, the force of static friction between the couch and the floor must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the horizontal pushing force of 150 N.

Therefore, we have the equation F_friction = F_push, where F_friction is the force of static friction.

The force of static friction can be calculated using the formula F_friction = μ_s * N, where μ_s is the coefficient of static friction and N is the normal force.

Since the couch is on a level floor and is not accelerating vertically, the normal force N is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force of gravity, which is mg.

Substituting the values into the equation, we have μs * mg = 150 N.
Solving for μs, we get μs = 150 N / (mg).
Substituting the given values, we have μ_s = 150 N / (40 kg * 9.8 m/s²).
Simplifying, we find that μs = 0.3846.

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Answer:

2.11 m/s

Explanation:

V=disp/time

V=(0.52m+3.7m)/(2)

V=4.22/2

V=2.11 m/s

Given

m1 = 3500 kg (van)

m2 = 2500 kg (car)

F = 1480 N

Procedure

a) In a collision between object 1 and object 2, the force exerted on object 1 (F1) is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted on object 2 (F2). In equation form:

The above statement is simply an application of Newton's third law of motion to the collision between objects 1 and 2.

b) Accelaration

The acceleration would be 0.246 m/s

Answer:

the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration is 199.6 Hz

Explanation:

Given;

tension of the piano wire, T = 765 N

length of the steel wire, L = 0.8 m

mass of the steel wire, m = 6.00 g = 6 x 10⁻³ kg

The frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration is calculated as;

\(f_o = \frac{1}{2l} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu} }\)

where;

μ is the mass per unit length  \(= \frac{6.0 \times 10^{-3}}{0.8} = 7.5 \times 10^{-3} \ kg/m\)

\(f_o = \frac{1}{2l} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu} } \\\\f_o = \frac{1}{2\times 0.8} \sqrt{\frac{765}{7.5 \times 10^{-3}} } \\\\f_o = 199.6 \ Hz\)

Therefore, the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration is 199.6 Hz

40,840.7 kilometers the space shuttle have to travel to complete one orbit. In terms of a circle, this distance is termed as the circumference of the circle.

The circumference of a circle is the length measured around its edge. The diameter of a circle is the distance from the center to the outside.

Here we need to find the distance of the space shuttle that completed one circle, ie, the circumference of the orbit. The Circumference or distance covered by the space shuttle can be denoted by \(C_{SS}\) and can be calculated by application of the below formula,

\(C_{SS}\) = 2πr

where r is the radius of earth ie, 6500Km

Therefore, the equation becomes:

\(C_{SS}\) = 2×π×r

= 2×π×6500

=40,840.7

So, the kilometer required to travel is 40,847.7Km

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