Patrick did an experiment to study the solubility of two substances. He poured 100 mL of water at 20 °C into each of two beakers labeled A and B. He put 60 g of Substance A in the beaker labeled A and 60 g of Substance B in the beaker labeled B. The solution in both beakers was stirred for 1 minute. The amount of substance left undissolved in the beakers was weighed. The experiment was repeated for different temperatures of water and the observations were recorded as shown.


Experimental Observations
Substance Mass of Undissolved Substance at Different Temperatures (gram)
20 ° 40 ° 60 ° 80 °
A 18 14 10 5
B 60 60 60 60

Part 1: Which, if any, substance is soluble in water?
Part 2: Explain how the data helped you determine solubility for both substances for temperatures 20 °C to 80 °C.

A reaction between an acid and a base describes a neutralization reaction. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

A neutralization reaction can be described as a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react with each other to produce salt and water.

The acidic strength of the reactant gives the pH of the neutralized solution. When a strong acid solution will react with a strong base the formed salt can be neither acidic nor basic, it will be neutral. For example, when HCl (a strong acid) reacts with NaOH (a strong base), the resulting salt is sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.

HCl    +    NaOH   →   NaCl   +   H₂O

When a strong acid solution will react with a weak base, then the formed salt will be acidic in nature. When a strong base solution will react with a weak acid then the formed salt will be basic in nature and decides the pH level of the solution.

Therefore, the reaction between the acid and base can best describe a neutralization reaction.

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d) 2.5 million light years. The Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy are two of the largest galaxies in the Local Group, a collection of galaxies that includes the Milky Way and about 54 other galaxies.

Galaxies are vast collections of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. There are billions of galaxies in the universe, ranging in size from dwarfs with as few as ten million stars, to giants with one hundred trillion stars, all orbiting their galaxy’s center. Every galaxy is unique with different shapes, sizes, and characteristics. Most galaxies are organized into clusters and superclusters, which are held together by gravity and dark matter. The Milky Way, which contains our Solar System, is a typical barred spiral galaxy. Galaxies are commonly classified by their shape, including spiral, elliptical, and irregular.

They are separated by a distance of about 2.5 million light years.

Therefore the correct option is D.

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Answer:

diagram 1 blue balls

Explanation:

EDGE 2020

Answer: The answer is a

Explanation:

a. Under equilibrium conditions, the ratio of Pyruvate to PEP is \(3.78 * 10^6.\)

b. Under standard conditions for equilibrium, the ratio of ATP to ADP is 441.

c. This equation shows that PEP can drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. REACTION 1 is in the forward direction, while REACTION 2 is in the reverse direction.

d. The overall net coupled reaction is exergonic or spontaneous because the ΔG' is negative (-92.4 kJ/mol). This means that the reaction releases energy and can proceed spontaneously without the addition of energy.

e. At equilibrium, the concentrations of PEP, ADP, Pi, H+, Pyruvate, and ATP will be equal.

a. The equilibrium constant (Keq) for REACTION 1 can be calculated using the equation:

ΔG° = -RT ln(Keq)

where R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol^-1 K^-1), T is the temperature in Kelvin (assumed to be 298 K), and ΔG° is the standard free energy change. Rearranging the equation to solve for Keq gives:

Keq = e^(-ΔG°/RT)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Keq =\(e^{(-(-61.9 kJ mol^{-1})/(8.314 J mol^{-1} K^{-1} * 298 K))}\) = \(2.10 * 10^8\)

The equilibrium constant expression for the hydrolysis of PEP can be written as:

Keq = [Pyruvate][Pi][\(H^+\)] / [PEP][\(H_2O\)]

At equilibrium, the ratio of products to reactants is equal to Keq. Therefore, the ratio of Pyruvate to PEP is:

[Pyruvate] / [PEP] = Keq / ([Pi][\(H^+\)]/[\(H_2O\)])

Substituting the given values, we get:

[Pyruvate] / [PEP] = \((2.10 * 10^8) / ((1 M)(10^{-7} M) / (55.5 M))\)

[Pyruvate] / [PEP] = \(3.78 * 10^6\)

b. The equilibrium constant (Keq) for REACTION 2 can be calculated in the same way as in part (a):

Keq = e^(-ΔG°/RT) = \(e^{(-(-30.5 kJ mol^{-1})/(8.314 J mol^{-1} K^{-1} * 298 K))} = 1.26 * 10^5\)

The equilibrium constant expression for the hydrolysis of ATP can be written as:

Keq = [ADP][Pi][\(H^+\)] / [ATP][\(H_2O\)]

At equilibrium, the ratio of products to reactants is equal to Keq. Therefore, the ratio of ATP to ADP is:

[ATP] / [ADP] = [\(H_2O\)] / ([Pi][\(H^+\)]/([ATP]Keq))

Substituting the given values, we get:

[ATP] / [ADP] = \((55.5 M) / ((1 M)(10^{-7} M)/(1 M)(1.26 * 10^5))\)

[ATP] / [ADP] = 441

c. The net coupled chemical equation for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the hydrolysis of PEP into Pyruvate can be written as:

PEP + ADP + Pi --> Pyruvate + ATP

This equation shows that PEP can drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. REACTION 1 is in the forward direction, while REACTION 2 is in the reverse direction.

d. To calculate the ΔG' for the overall net coupled reaction, we need to sum up the ΔG' of the individual reactions.

ΔG'net = ΔG'1 + ΔG'2

ΔG'1 = -61.9 kJ/mol

ΔG'2 = -30.5 kJ/mol

ΔG'net = -61.9 kJ/mol + (-30.5 kJ/mol)

ΔG'net = -92.4 kJ/mol

e. The overall net coupled reaction can be written as follows:

PEP + ADP + Pi + \(H^+\) → Pyruvate + ATP

The ratio of products and reactants for the overall net coupled reaction can be calculated using the equilibrium constant (Keq). The equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentrations of reactants at equilibrium.

Keq = [Pyruvate][ATP]/[PEP][ADP][Pi][\(H^+\)]

At equilibrium, Keq = 10^(ΔG'net/(-RT))

where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/molK), T is the temperature (in Kelvin), and ΔG'net is the standard free energy change of the reaction.

Assuming standard conditions of 25°C (298 K), we get:

Keq = \(10^{(-92400/(8.314*298))\)

Keq = \(2.1 * 10^{27\)

The ratio of products to reactants is given by the coefficients in the balanced equation:

PEP : ADP : Pi : H+ : Pyruvate : ATP = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1

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Answer:

EtOH stands for ethyl alcohol, which is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. It is a central nervous system depressant that can cause a range of effects, from mild relaxation to severe impairment of cognitive and motor functions. EtOH is often used in the medical and research fields as a short notation for Ethanol.

EtOH is the chemical label or acronym for ethyl alcohol (ethanol). EtOH refers to the kind of alcohol that can be found in alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, and spirits.

It is a depressant of the central nervous system that can have a variety of effects, ranging from mild relaxation to severe cognitive and motor impairment. In the medical and research industries, EtOH is frequently used as a short notation for ethanol.

It is used in the production of other chemicals, as a solvent, and in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol is a colorless, somewhat toxic substance. Solutions of ethanol and water that contain more than 50% ethanol are extremely flammable. The most well-known use of ethanol is as alcohol in alcoholic beverages.

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It appears that the straw in the glass of water is bent or refracted at the water-air interface. This is a result of the phenomenon known as refraction. Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another with a different optical density, causing the light rays to change direction.

Based on the provided image from BrainPOP Science, it appears that the straw in the glass of water is bent or refracted at the water-air interface. This is a result of the phenomenon known as refraction. Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another with a different optical density, causing the light rays to change direction.

In this case, as the light passes from the water to the air, it undergoes refraction because the speed of light is different in water compared to air. The change in speed causes the light rays to bend as they cross the water-air boundary. This bending of light is what makes the straw appear bent or displaced when viewed through the glass of water.

The phenomenon of refraction is a common optical effect and can be observed in various situations where light passes through different mediums with varying optical properties.

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The first metal to be extracted from its ore through smelting was copper. Smelting refers to the method of heating ores to extract their metals.

The first evidence of smelting in the archaeological record is from a site in Serbia that dates back to the 5th millennium BCE. During this period, the technology was used to extract copper from malachite and azurite, two copper ores. Copper smelting was a significant development because it was the first time humans had access to metal. The Bronze Age, which followed the Copper Age, saw the emergence of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, as the most popular metal.

Bronze is much harder than pure copper and is thus superior for making tools and weapons. Bronze production ushered in a new era of human development because it allowed for the creation of more effective farming and hunting tools, as well as better weaponry for warfare.In conclusion, copper was the first metal to be freed from its ore through smelting, and it was a significant technological advance because it allowed humans to access metal for the first time.

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Answer:

tác dụng với acid,

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

If the reaction is really exothermic (and it is) then the water would spatter all over the place. It would boil off if the container could hold it. It would also react according to the following reaction.

You are talking about a reaction like

2K + 2HOH = 2KOH + H2

Answer:

Speed

Explanation:

Aliyah must have been trying to find her speed.

The speed is a measure of how fast an object or a body is and it is calculated by finding the ratio of distance with time. Mathematically,

  speed = \(\frac{distance}{time}\) with a unit of m/s.

Hence, with the distance measured on the ground and Aliyah trying to find the time it will take her to cover the distance while running, she must have been trying to find how fast she can run, that is, speed.

Answer:

1.26 moles

Explanation:

Applying Avogadro's constant.

1 mole of every substance, has a particle of 6.02×10²³

From the question,

If,

1 mole of Neon contains 6.02×10²³ particles

Therefore,

x moles of Neon will contain 7.6×10²³ particles

x = (7.6×10²³)/(6.02×10²³)

x = 1.26 moles.

Hence the number of moles of Neon present is 1.26 moles

Answer:The bubbles exhaled by a scuba diver grow as they approach the surface of the ocean. The pressure exerted by the weight of the water decreases with depth, so the volume of the bubbles increases as they rise.

Explanation:

1. B, the energy associated with the motion of an object

2. C, 12.4 g/mL

3. C, 5

1) B) Kinetic energy is energy associated with the motion of an object.

2) B) Density equals mass divided by volume: 1.38 g/mL

3) C) There are 5 significant figures in 20.300

4) A) 80 is the atomic number for mercury on the periodic table.

5) E) The formula for copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is CuSO4•5H2O

So in summary:

• Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object due to its motion.

• Density is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume.

• Significant figures refer to the known precision of a measurement based on the digits reported.

• Atomic symbols represent elements on the periodic table.

• Chemical formulas use symbols of the elements to show the proportions of atoms in a compound.

Answer:

E = 4.78×10^−19 J

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the energy of a photon is given by:

E =hν , where h is the Planck constant and ν is the frequency.

E =hν = 6.626×10^−34 Js × 7.21×10^ 14

s−1 = 4.78 × 10^−19 J

Answer:

A. 4.78 x 10-19 J

Explanation:

A P E X

The heat capacity of a material changes during phase transition under constant pressure because the temperature of the material does not change during phase transition.

The heat that is supplied to the material does not cause the temperature to increase, but rather causes the phase of the material to change. During the phase transition of a solid to a liquid, the temperature remains constant even when heat is added to the material. The added heat energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds that hold the solid together, which results in the solid changing into a liquid.

This means that during the phase transition from a solid to a liquid, the heat capacity of the material under constant pressure will increase because the added heat energy is being used to break the intermolecular bonds instead of increasing the temperature.

Furthermore, during the phase transition from a liquid to a gas, the heat capacity of the material under constant pressure will also increase because the added heat energy is being used to break the intermolecular bonds that hold the liquid together and to overcome the attractive forces between the gas molecules. This causes the liquid to turn into a gas.

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Enthalpy, in a technical sense, refers to the internal energy needed to create a system as well as the energy needed to create space for it by establishing its pressure, volume, and displacing its surroundings.

In a thermodynamic system, energy is measured by enthalpy. Enthalpy is a measure of a system's overall heat content and is equal to the system's internal energy plus the sum of its volume and pressure.

A state function that is entirely based on state functions P, T, and U is how enthalpy is also described.

Here the equation used is:

q = n × ΔH

n = Mass / Molar mass

n = 253 / 122.55 = 2.064 mol

q =  2.064 × -91 = -187.82 kJ

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Answer:

both

Explanation:

because equilibrium means that both sides of the reaction are equal

The concentration of the products is high at equilibrium if Keq is a large number (Keq > 1). The reaction in this instance encourages the production of products. The concentration of the reactants is high at equilibrium if Keq is a small number (Keq1).

Chemical equilibrium is the condition where both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change over time, preventing any discernible change in the system's properties.

The size of a reaction when it is at equilibrium is represented by the equilibrium constant, K. It creates a ratio using the concentrations and coefficients of each reactant and product.

K is regarded as intermediate if it is larger than or equal to 0.001 but less than or equal to 1000. Significant quantities of reactants and products will be present. When the equilibrium constant K is big, products predominate at equilibrium, but when it is small, reactants predominate.

Thus, The concentration of the products is high at equilibrium if Keq is a large number.

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The time that is required to deposit 1.00 g of chromium metal is 30.9 mins.

Faraday's II Law of electrolysis states that if the equal quantity of energy is handed thru extraordinary electrolytes, the loads of ions deposited on the electrodes are without delay proportional to their chemical equivalents.

The chemical equation of the reaction can be represented as follows:

Cr6+ + 6e → Cr

Moles of Cr = mass / molar mass = 1 / 52 = 0.0192 mol

Moles of electrons needed = 6 * moles of Cr = 6 * 0.0192 = 0.1152 mol

Charge needed = moles of e * charge per mole of e = 0.1152 * 96485.33 = 11115.110 C

Now time needed = charge / current = 11115.110 / 6 = 1852.52 seconds = 1852.52 / 60 min = 30.9 min

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Explanation:

2000 J = .870 J/(g C) * 10 g *  d        where d is the degree change

2000/ (.870 *10) = d = ~230 C

Answer:

c. object y is made of a different substance than x and z

Explanation:

why well i did the study island and it told me the answer why so don't ask

Answer:

I don't know exactly but I am pretty sure it's 60.65

Answer:

c

Explanation:

i think soo. but not sure.

The equation for the ionization of the weak base pyridine in water is:

C5H5N + H2O ⇌ C5H5NH+ + OH-

Explanation:

Pyridine is a weak base, so it will react with water to create hydroxide (OH-) ions, along with the conjugate acid of pyridine, which is called pyridinium ion (C5H5NH+). The overall equation for the reaction can be written as:C5H5N + H2O ⇌ C5H5NH+ + OH-In this equation, the arrows indicate that the reaction is reversible, meaning that the products can also react to form the reactants. Therefore, the concentration of each species in the reaction mixture will be related by an equilibrium constant (K).

The balanced equation for the ionization of the weak base pyridine in water is C5H5N + H2O ⇌ C5H5NH+ + OH-.

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Answer:

C₂H6

Explanation:

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). Option A

A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is important to identify the formula that represents a hydrocarbon among the given options:

A) C₂H6: This formula represents ethane, which is a hydrocarbon. Ethane consists of two carbon atoms bonded together with single bonds and six hydrogen atoms.

B) C₂H5OH: This formula represents ethanol, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), indicating the presence of oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

C) C₂H5Cl: This formula represents ethyl chloride, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethyl chloride contains a chlorine atom (Cl) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is a haloalkane, not a hydrocarbon.

D) C₂H6O: This formula represents ethanol, which, as mentioned before, is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains an oxygen atom (O) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). It consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, making it a suitable representation of a hydrocarbon.

In summary, the formula C₂H6 (option A) represents a hydrocarbon, while the other options contain additional elements (oxygen or chlorine) that make them non-hydrocarbon compounds. Option A

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Functions of leaves are absorption of nutrients and performing photosynthesis. Leaves absorb nutrient-rich water from the soil through their root system and transport the nutrients to other parts of the plant.

Leaves absorb carbon dioxide through small openings called stomata, located on the underside of the leaf. When the stomata are open, carbon dioxide from the air around them moves into the leaf. Inside the leaf, the carbon dioxide combines with water to make molecules of a compound called glucose. Glucose is then used by the plant for energy.

Leaves release oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into glucose. As a by-product of this process, oxygen is released into the atmosphere. During the light phase of photosynthesis, the chloroplasts in the leaves take in carbon dioxide and water and produce glucose and oxygen. The oxygen is then released out through the stomata, which are small openings on the surface of leaves.

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: PM2.5 is defined as the mass concentration of particles in the air less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter.Question 15: False, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not considered a criteria air pollutant.

Question 16: The closest answer is 50%, but the exact percentage is not provided in the question.Question 17: The term "photochemical smog" is most synonymous with ozone (O3), which is a criteria air pollutant.Question 18: True, attainment of ambient air quality standards requires that measured concentrations at all monitoring stations within an air district are below ambient air standards.

Question 14 asks about the definition of PM2.5. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. It represents the mass concentration of particles suspended in the air, which are small enough to be inhaled into the respiratory system and can have adverse health effects.

Question 15 states whether carbon dioxide (CO2) is a criteria air pollutant. Criteria air pollutants are a set of pollutants regulated by environmental agencies due to their detrimental impact on air quality and human health. However, carbon dioxide is not considered a criteria air pollutant because it does not directly cause harm to human health or the environment in the same way as pollutants like ozone or particulate matter.

Question 16 asks about the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from mobile sources in Santa Clara County. While the exact percentage is not provided in the question, the closest answer option is 50%. However, it is important to note that the precise percentage may vary depending on specific local conditions and emissions sources.

Question 17 inquires about the criteria air pollutant most synonymous with the term "photochemical smog." Photochemical smog is primarily associated with high levels of ground-level ozone (O3). Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, creating a hazy and polluted atmospheric condition.

Question 18 addresses the concept of "attainment" of ambient air quality standards. To achieve attainment, measured concentrations of pollutants at all monitoring stations within an air district must be below the established ambient air quality standards. This ensures that the air quality in the given area meets the required standards for protecting human health and the environment.

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New species form by speciation, in which an ancestral population splits into two or more genetically distinct descendant populations.

By taking bits of a single gene, scientists are using DNA barcoding to identify new species. If a portable hand-held scanning device can be developed, one ecologist says, it could “do for biodiversity what the printing press did for literacy. These skills involve observing natural phenomena, identifying different species of organisms, classifying them into categories, and mapping the data for conservation and management in the future. Scientists identify species by examining physical characteristics.

So we can conclude that: New species form by speciation, in which an ancestral population splits into two or more genetically distinct descendant populations.

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True. The addition of Br2 to cyclopentene follows an electrophilic addition mechanism where the double bond of cyclopentene acts as the nucleophile attacking one of the Br2 molecules.

This results in the formation of a cyclic intermediate with a bridging bromine atom. The intermediate then breaks down to form the trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane product. The "trans" in the name refers to the relative positions of the two bromine atoms on the cyclopentane ring. This reaction is stereospecific and yields only the trans isomer. The addition of Br2 to cyclopentene is an important reaction in organic chemistry and is commonly used for the synthesis of other compounds. In conclusion, the statement is true and can be explained by the electrophilic addition mechanism that occurs during the reaction.

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Answer:

dendrites in your sensory neurons

Explanation:

Sensory neurons are first activated, then the stimulus is transmitted horizontally between them, spreading perception through the olfactory bulb that captures the smell of a baked cookie.

After this, the axons are activated to transmit to the motor neurons that will carry out the action of walking towards the kitchen.