Part 4 - Natural Selection and Adaptations
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Item 3
A scientist studied a snail population that had a variation of shell colors. The number of each differently colored snail shell was recorded. The graph shows the data the scientist collected.
Over time, the rocks on which the snails lived became covered with dark-colored seaweed.
Which graph best represents the range of colors in the snail population that resulted from natural selection after the dark-colored seaweed covered the rocks?
Answers
There are different types of natural selection. When one of the extremes phenotypes is being favored, directional selection is going on. Meanwhile, balancing selection increases the proportion of intermediate phenotype.
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Since I do not have the graphs, I will set different potential scenarios
Let us assume the snails shell has three phenotypes: light brown, brown, and dark brown.Light brown and dark brown are the extreme phenotypesLet us also assume that seaweed is brown-colored.Scenario 1: More light brown individuals than brown and dark brown
Probably after the dark-colored seaweed covered the rocks, snails needed to camouflage to avoid predation. So they must have suffered a change in color from light brown to dark brown.
Since this new trait is beneficial, natural selection favored it.
So animals change from being light brown to dark brown.
The type of natural selection acting here is directional selection.
A population that is under the effects of directional selection, experiences an increase in the proportion of individuals expressing an extreme phenotype, different from the original one.
In these cases, interactions between living organisms and the environment modify in the same direction.
So, the most abundant individuals turned from being light brown to being dark brown.
After dark-colored seaweed covered the rocks, the number of dark brown individuals increased, and the light brown individuals decreased.
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Scenario 2: More brown individuals than light brown and dark brown
This is the same situation as before. In this case, there were more brown individuals than snails expressing extreme phenotypes.
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Scenario 3:
Now let us assume three different phenotypes: Yellow, brown and greyYellow and Grey are the extreme phenotypesSeaweed is brown-colored.Let us suppose that the original number of individuals was higher for one of the extreme traits, either yellow or grey.
After the seaweed-covered rocks, snails needed to camouflage to avoid predation, so they changed their color from yellow or grey to brown.
In this scenario, the intermediate phenotype is being favored by natural selection over the extreme phenotypes.
Balancing selection -or Stabilizing selection-, decreases the number of individuals expressing the extreme phenotype and favors individuals that exhibit medium-range characteristics. These are the ones that get to survive. Selective pressure is against h0m0zyg0tes.
In this case, the number of individuals expressing yellow or grey shells decreases, while individuals with brown color increase.
In the attached files you will find graphs for the three scenarios.
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Related Questions
Which group of plant-like protists would have organisms that are multicellular?
Answers
Answer:
Algae
Explanation:
a cell has eight chromosomes in g1 of interphase. how many chromosomes will be found in anaphase of mitosis?
Answers
13.
14.
12-18. Fill in the missing terms in the chart below: il Snustu out to asm.loidini og
Major Event(s) of Stage
production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary
(15)
12.
Menstrual Cycle Stage
2. Ovulation (16)
omnior gaiv
word Bank.
"Menstruation.
Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase.
Corpus luteum
Progesterone.
Follicles.
called
enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the
uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its
lining)
--
yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation
-- called the
(17) "yellow
body" -- secretes the hormone
(18) which maintains the thickness of the uterine lining,
thus readying the uterus for pregnancy
olov- periodic shedding of the thickened lining of the uterus
which occurs if fertilization does not occur
2
Answers
The production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles. Progesterone is called enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its lining).
What is Menstruation?Menstruation is defined as the menstrual cycle of a person which involves the shedding of endometrium which is the lining of the uterus that occurs throughout the reproductive life of a person.
Corpus luteum is called the "yellow body" which secretes the hormone which is the yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation. When the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during menstruation. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
Thus, the production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles.
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Does DNA or RNA act as messenger?
Answers
Messenger RNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins. Thus, RNA act as messenger not the DNA.
mRNA is the form of RNA which helps in encoding the message coming from the DNA to form proteins. They helps to transports the gathered data into the cell where proteins are collected and generated.
In general the role of mRNA is to carry out protein information from the DNA in a cell's nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm , This is the place were the where the protein manufacturing machinery reads the mRNA sequence and three-base codon is translated into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.
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Biology, I need help please!!1
Answers
Answer:
The BBC cell
Explanation:
BBC: The BBC cell means the Big Bad cell aka the big black clock
DNA has two strands. If the sequence of nucleotides of one strand was known, is it possible to use that information to determine the sequence of the second strand? Explain your reasoning for your response using an example DNA sequence. and this is for biomedical science.
Answers
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
DNA, which is the genetic material, is a double-stranded molecule i.e. possess two strands. Each strand is made up of a sequence of nucleotide base, which are complementary to one another. The complementary base pairing rule as proposed by Chargaff states that Adenine (A) base will always hydrogen pair with Thymine (T) base while Guanine base (G) will always pair with Cytosine (C) i.e. A-T, G-C.
For example, If the sequence of nucleotides of one strand was CTAGCGGATC, the sequence of nucleotide of the other strand will be GATCGCCTAG. Hence, based on this question, the information of the sequence of base on one strand can be used to determine the sequence of the second strand.
When we drink water, we feel good
because water helps move nutrients
to our what?
A blood
B. cells
C waste
Answers
Answer:
B. Cells
Explanation:
It's the answer
PLEASE HELP 25 POINTS The box in the above picture is falling from the top of a building to the ground. Two major forces are acting on the box as it falls. Which force is represented by the arrow labeled P?
A.
air resistance
B.
inertia
C.
gravity
D.
magnetism
Answers
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Gravity
Blood types: The blood type O negative is calied the "universal donor" type, because it is the only biood type that may safely be transfused into any person. Therefore, when someone needs a transfusion in an emergency and their blood type cannot be determined, they are given type o negative blood. For this reason, donors with this bloed type are crucial to blood banks. Unfortunately, this blood type is fairly rare; according to the Red Cross, onily 7 if or U.S. residents have type 0 negative blood. Assume that a blood bank has recruited 24 donors. Part 1 of 2 (a) What is the mean number of donors who have type 0 negative blood? Round the answer to two decimal places. The mean number of donors who have type O negative blood is Part 2 of: 2 (b) What is the standard deviation of the number of donors who have fype o negative blood? Round the answer to four decinal places: The standard deviatien of the number of donoes who Nave type o negative blood is
Answers
(a) Mean number of donors who have type O negative blood Mean of a population (μ) is found by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of values. So, the formula for calculating the mean of a population is:
mu=1Nsum_i=1^N x_where mu is the population mean, N is the number of values in the population, x_i is the ith value in the population.Using the given data in the question, we can compute the mean of donors who have type O negative blood:mu=24cdot 0.07 1 =1.68 Hence, the mean number of donors who have type O negative blood is 1.68. (rounded to two decimal places)(b) Standard deviation of the number of donors who have type O negative blood:Standard deviation is a measure of how much the data in a set is spread out. It is given by the formula:
sigma=i=1^N(x_i-mu)^2 Nwhere sigma is the standard deviation, mu is the mean, x_i is the ith value in the set, and N is the number of values in the set.Using the given data in the question, we can compute the standard deviation of donors who have type O negative blood:sigma=24 cdot 0.07 cdot (1-0.07)) 1=0.4652 Hence, the standard deviation of the number of donors who have type O negative blood is 0.4652. (rounded to four decimal places)About O Negative bloodO negative blood is the type most commonly used for transfusions when the patient's blood type is unknown. The O negative group is most often used in emergency cases, trauma, surgery, because this type is universal. However, O negative blood group can only receive O negative blood. O blood group is divided into two types Blood type O that has the rhesus antigen is called blood type O positive. Blood type O that does not have the rhesus antigen is called blood type O negative.
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What is the function of the organelle identified in the picture
Answers
Answer:
An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body. Among the more important cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information; mitochondria, which produce chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.
Explanation:
Describe an example of an animal cell that is specialized for a specific function. What is special about the cell that allows it to perform this specific function?
Answers
Answer:
A blood cell
Explanation:
This cell is special because it travels around the body the easiest due to its shape and size, bringing oxygen throught the body. Rate this the brainliest!
Which action is one role of RNA polymerase during transcription
A. To break down an already existing protein
B. To produce a start sequence
C. To switch uracil with thymine on the exposed gene
D. To build a molecule of mRNA
Answers
Answer:
D) To build a molecule of mRNA
Explanation:
I hope this helps!!! :)
Indicate the roles of growth factors in the cell cycle. Check all that apply.
1. They act as repair proteins that fix DNA damage in the cell.
2. Growth factors bind to a receptor and initiate a signal cascade in the cell.
3. Their binding changes gene transcription.
4. They allow the cell the progress through the cell cycle.
Answers
Based on your question and the terms provided, the roles of growth factors in the cell cycle include:
2. Growth factors bind to a receptor and initiate a signal cascade in the cell.
3. Their binding changes gene transcription.
4. They allow the cell to progress through the cell cycle.
Growth factors play a crucial role in the regulation of the cell cycle by initiating a signal cascade that leads to changes in gene transcription and ultimately allows the cell to progress through the different phases of the cell cycle. They do not act as repair proteins that fix DNA damage in the cell.
2. Growth factors bind to a receptor and initiate a signal cascade in the cell.
3. Their binding changes gene transcription.
4. They allow the cell to progress through the cell cycle. To know more about
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Which fungus is unicellular? chytrid yeast truffle penicillium
Answers
Answer:
Yeast:Unicellular fungus(often referred to as yeastOther examples:Saccharomyces cerevisae(Bakers yeast)Candida SpeciesExplanation:
Hope it helps
Why do the spinal cords repair themselves?
Answers
Answer:
Damage to the spinal cord rarely heals because the injured nerve cells fail to regenerate. The regrowth of their long nerve fibers is hindered by scar tissue and molecular processes inside the nerves. Scientists in now report that help might be on the way from an unexpected quarter.
Explanation:
Damage to the spinal cord rarely heals because the injured nerve cells fail to regenerate. The regrowth of their long nerve fibers is hindered by scar tissue and molecular processes inside the nerves. Scientists in now report that help might be on the way from an unexpected quarter.
cullingham, c. i. et al. differential permeability of rivers to raccoon gene flow corresponds to rabies incidence in ontario, canada. molec. ecol. 18, 43–53 (2009).
Answers
Rivers limiting raccoon gene flow in Ontario correspond to differing rabies incidence, with lower permeability correlating with lower transmission.
The differential permeability of rivers to raccoon gene flow in Ontario, Canada, correlates with rabies incidence. Rivers act as natural barriers that restrict the movement of raccoons, which can carry and spread the rabies virus. Raccoon populations on one side of an impassable river are more isolated and have limited gene flow with raccoons on the other side.
This restricted gene flow leads to distinct genetic clusters of raccoons on each side of the river. Consequently, if one side has a higher prevalence of rabies, it is less likely to spread to the other side due to limited gene flow. Therefore, the varying permeability of rivers to raccoon movement plays a role in the incidence of rabies in Ontario, with lower permeability corresponding to lower transmission rates.
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The complete question is:
Explain about the differential permeability of rivers to raccoon gene flow corresponds to rabies incidence in Ontario, Canada.
Individuals in a species have genetic variation that can be passed on to their offspring
Answers
Answer: Genetic variation within a species can result from a few different sources. Mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation. ... As a result, the tree-colored moths are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes.
Explanation:
For full activation of a cyclin-cdk complex, an enzyme called _______________ must phosphorylate an amino acid near the cdk active site.
Answers
For full activation of a cyclin-CDK complex, an enzyme called CDK-activating kinase must phosphorylate an amino acid near the CDK active site.
CDK-activating kinase (CAK) actuates the cyclin-CDK complex by phosphorylation of an amino acid i.e. threonine residue 160 near the CDK active site.
CAK is a member of the CDK family and serves as a positive regulator of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, as well as CDK6.
CDK activation needs two steps. Primarily, the cyclin should attach to the CDK and secondly, CAK should phosphorylate the cyclin-CDK complex on the threonine residue 160, that is situated in the CDK activation section.
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Phytoplankton are __
A) scavengers
B) producers
C) consumers
D) decomposers
Answers
Which type of selection is the most likely to result in Speciation?A. Disruptive selectionB. Stabilizing selectionC. Artificial selectionD. Directional selection
Answers
As you can see in the images, there are 3 types of natural selection:
- Disruptive: In which the phenotypes at the extremes prevail instead of the phenotype in the middle which is the average.
- Stabilization: In which the middle phenotype prevails.
- Directional: One of the extreme phenotypes prevails.
Speciation is a process in which new species are formed from an initial species and can occur due to various conditions and therefore, there are several types. An example is the image (allopatric speciation) in which a geographic barrier divides the individuals of the population and over time, these give rise to different species.
Since disruptive selection is the only one that favors the presence of more than one phenotype, it is more likely to produce a speciation phenomenon in which 2 or more distinct species are obtained over time. Therefore, the answer is A.
question mode multiple choice question a(n) vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
Answers
A biological vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
The correct option is D.
What is pathogen ?An organism that infects its host with disease is referred to as a pathogen, and the severity of the clinical disease is referred to it as virulence. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms.
What is a pathogen example?Pathogens are microorganisms that infect the body and can harm health. They include viruses, germs, fungus, and worms. Anthrax, HIV, Epstein-Barr, and the Zika virus are just a few examples of infections that can lead to life-threatening illnesses.
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The complete question is -
A(n) _____ vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
A-mechanical
B-line
C-euclidean
D-biological
2. Protistsare NOT decomposers
False
True
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Yes, protists are decomposers.
Protists include species such as protozoa, algae, and molds. Many protist species are decomposers, meaning they feed on dead organisms to meet their nutritional needs.
Pls, choose me as brainliest!
Protistsare is a decomposers
Nucleotides are attached by bonds between the BLANK
and the phosphate group
Answers
Monoclonal antibodies and __________ can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy.
Answers
Monoclonal antibodies and cytokines can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy.
What is cytokines?Cytokines are small, adaptable proteins that are essential for cell signaling. Cytokines and other peptides cannot get through the lipid bilayer of cells to the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to take part in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. A specific class of proteins produced by some immune and non-immune cells that have an impact on the immune system. The immune system is stimulated by some cytokines while suppressed by others. To help the body's defenses against infections, cancer, and other ailments, they can also be produced in a lab.The term "cytokine" is a catch-all name for tiny secreted proteins that play a critical role in regulating inflammation. When pathogens invade, cytokines are made in order to activate, draw in, and multiply immune cells.
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A long string of codons for amino acids, uninterrupted by a stop codon is called?.
Answers
Answer:
A long string of codons for amino acids, uninterrupted by a stop codon is called an open reading frame.
Explanation:
An open reading frame is a portion of a DNA molecule that, when translated into amino acids, contains no stop codons.
you are attempting to link an individual to a crime. the only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. how can you use this drop of blood to definitively make the association? you are attempting to link an individual to a crime. the only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. how can you use this drop of blood to definitively make the association? you can use gel electrophoresis to determine the length of the dna found in the sample. you can use the sample to determine the individual's blood type. you can use pcr to increase the amount of dna available for str analysis.
Answers
The correct option is D, the only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. You operate this drop of blood to definitively make the association. You can use PCR to increase the quantity of DNA available for restrict fragment analysis.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries genetic information and instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is found in the cells of living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
DNA is a long, double-stranded helix structure made up of four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence that encodes genetic information. The DNA sequence is read by the cell and converted into various forms of RNA, which in turn are used to build proteins, the molecular machines that perform the functions necessary for life.
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Complete Question:
You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this blood to make the association?
a) You can check the sample for the presence of the Rhesus factor.
b) You can use gel electrophoresis to determine the length of the DNA found in the sample.
c) You can use the sample to determine the individual's ABO group.
d) You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
this is an organism whose genome has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found there
Answers
Answer:
A transgenic, or genetically modified, organism is one that has been altered through recombinant DNA technology, which involves either the combining of DNA from different genomes or the insertion of foreign DNA into a genome.
unique methodology for detecting the spread of chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, in previously unreported areas, by analyzing anophelines of malaria endemic zones of orissa, ind
Answers
To detect the spread of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in previously unreported areas, a unique methodology can be used. This methodology involves analyzing anophelines in malaria endemic zones of Orissa, India. Here are the steps to detect the spread:
1. Collect Anophelines: Identify and collect Anopheline mosquitoes from various locations in Orissa, India. These mosquitoes are known to transmit the malaria parasite, including the chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
2. Sample Preparation: Prepare the collected mosquito samples by sorting and separating the Anophelines from other mosquito species. This step ensures that only the relevant mosquitoes are used for further analysis.
3. DNA Extraction: Extract DNA from the Anopheline samples. This can be done using various DNA extraction methods, such as the phenol-chloroform method or commercial DNA extraction kits. DNA extraction allows for the detection of genetic markers associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Perform PCR to amplify specific DNA regions of interest. Use specific primers that target genetic markers associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PCR amplifies the DNA, making it easier to detect the presence of chloroquine-resistant strains.
5. Gel Electrophoresis: Analyze the PCR products using gel electrophoresis. This technique separates the amplified DNA fragments based on their size. By comparing the resulting DNA bands with known markers, the presence or absence of chloroquine-resistant strains can be determined.
6. Data Analysis: Analyze the gel electrophoresis results and determine the presence or absence of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in the previously unreported areas of Orissa, India. Compare the findings with known data on the spread of chloroquine resistance to assess the extent of its presence.
By following this unique methodology, researchers can detect the spread of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in previously unreported areas of Orissa, India, by analyzing Anophelines in malaria endemic zones. This method helps in monitoring and managing the spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites, which is crucial for effective control and prevention strategies.
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All living organisms share a common genetic code. What distinguishes one organism from another is the sequence of the -
Answers
What distinguishes one organism from another is the DNA sequence of the genome.
The genetic code is universal. It is a sequence of 3 nucleotide bases with each code representing a particular amino acid in all living organisms.
The nucleotide sequence in the DNA of organisms differs from organism to organism and species to species. Thus, the sequence of 3 bases that represent a genetic code will be different from organism to organism.
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The genetic code follows a set of principles used by living cells to convert information encoded in genetic material into proteins.
What distinguishes one organism from another is the sequence - the sequence of the amino acids.
Most of the time, the differences existing among organisms are relatively small. Most of the time such as a change usually occurs in the amino acid encoded by a particular codon.This is mainly influenced by the way in which these particular sequence of amino acids are arranged i.e the arrangement of these molecules differs for every organism making them unique from one to another.
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How does coral reef damage negatively affect the land?
Answers
Answer:
it can cause a loss of oxygen. these are living things people need to stop killing things lol
Explanation: