Answer:
Paratroopers not hurt while landing because when they get to the ground, they keep their knees and feet together helping them to land properly.
hope it helps!
Answer:
they usually land on their knees and roll
Explanation:
True or false: Parasites help their host by providing nutrients to them
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Answer:
False..
Explanation: parasites do not provide you with anything good. The parasite obtains nutrition directly from the body of the host
Is it coating iron pipe with Zinc or connecting a zinc rod to a
iron pipe, which is advantageous to protect the Fe surface from
undergoing corrosion? Justify the answer
Connecting a zinc rod to an iron pipe offers advantages in protecting the iron surface from corrosion. The zinc acts as a sacrificial anode, corroding in place of the iron and providing uniform and extended protection to the entire iron pipe.
Connecting a zinc rod to an iron pipe is advantageous to protect the iron (Fe) surface from undergoing corrosion. This process is known as cathodic protection, where the zinc acts as a sacrificial anode. Here's the justification for this answer:
Galvanic Protection: When a zinc rod is connected to an iron pipe, it creates a galvanic cell. Zinc is more reactive than iron, so it acts as the anode, sacrificing itself to protect the iron pipe (cathode). The zinc corrodes instead of the iron, thereby providing protection to the iron surface.Sacrificial Anode: Zinc has a higher electrochemical potential than iron, making it more susceptible to corrosion. This means that zinc will preferentially corrode instead of the iron pipe. By connecting a zinc rod, the zinc sacrificially corrodes, protecting the iron from corrosion. Uniform Protection: Connecting a zinc rod provides uniform protection to the entire iron pipe surface. As long as the zinc rod is in contact with the iron pipe, it will continuously provide cathodic protection along the entire length of the pipe. Extended Protection: The sacrificial zinc anode can provide protection for an extended period before it gets fully consumed. Once the zinc is depleted, it can be replaced with a new zinc rod to continue the protection.Read more on corrosion here: https://brainly.com/question/489228
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how many seconds are in 5.29 years
There are 166,825,440 seconds in 5.29 years.
To calculate how many seconds there are in 5.29 years, we first need to find out how many seconds there are in a year. To do that, we need to multiply the number of days within a year, the number of hours within a day, the number of minutes within a day, and the number of seconds within a minute.
1 year = 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
= 31,536,000 seconds
Once we know that, multiply that number of seconds by the number of years in the question, which is 5.29 years.
= 31,536,000 x 5.29
= 166,825,440 seconds.
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Why would solar power be the best energy option for our new high school?
Explain why!
Answer:
Energy costs are high for many school districts. Therefore, unlimited free power generated by the sun can deliver huge cost savings when compared to grid-generated power. With a modestly sized solar array, cost savings are alike modest.
Explanation:
Justify how the octet rule helps to predict which elements can bond with each other. Be sure to cite specific examples and non examples in
your response
preferAnswer:
The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds. Atoms will react to get in the most stable state possible
Explanation:
Hopefully this is what your looking for
what mass of magnisium bromide is formed when 1.00 g of Mg + br
Mass of Magnesium bromide : 5.76 g
Further explanationComplete question
What mass of Magnesium bromide is formed when 1.00 g of magnesium reacts with 5.00 g of bromine?
Reaction
\(\tt Mg+Br_2\rightarrow MgBr_2\)
mol Mg
\(\tt \dfrac{1}{24}=0.042\)
mol Br₂
\(\tt \dfrac{5}{160}=0.0313\)
Limiting reactants : Br₂(smaller)
mol MgBr₂ = mol Br₂=0.0313
mass MgBr₂ :
\(\tt 0.0313\times 184,113 =5.76~g\)
“The mixture is green in color.” This confirms that the mixture is a.... A) suspension B) solution C) colloid D) this proves nothing
If the pressure of the gas is doubled while the volume is held constant, what happens to its temperature?.
Answer:
The temperature will increase or doubled.
Explanation:
In Amonton's Law, it states the pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature on Kelvin scale when the volume is held constant.
Calculate the volume of a 0.15 mol dm-3 Ba(OH)2 solution required to completely neutralize 45 cm3 of a 0.29 mol dm-3 HNO3 solution. Note: Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 --> Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Answer:
\(V_{base}=43.5cm^3\)
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, given the neutralization chemical reaction of barium sulfate and nitric acid, it is possible to evidence the 1:2 mole ratio between them; thus, at the equivalence point we have:
\(2n_{base}=n_{acid}\)
Which in terms of molarities and volumes is:
\(2M_{base}V_{base}=M_{acid}V_{acid}\)
In such a way, by solving for the volume of base, we proceed as follows:
\(V_{base}=\frac{M_{acid}V_{acid}}{2M_{base}} \\\\V_{base}=\frac{45cm^3*0.29mol*dm^{-3}}{2*0.15mol*dm^{-3}} \\\\V_{base}=43.5cm^3\)
Best regards!
Select the correct statement.
Acidic solutions contain no OH - ions.
Basic solutions contain no H + ions.
Basic solution contain no OH - ions.
Basic solutions contain some H + ions.
Answer:
d) basic ions contain some H+ ions got it right
Explanation:
i got it right
Chameleons have the ability to change their coloring to help them blend in with their environmerit.
This is an example of an adaptation designed to
A)
help the chameleon with its digestion.
B)
camouflage the chameleon from predators,
C)
help the chameleon attract potential mates.
D)
allow the chameleon to live in many habitats.
The correct option is option B, camouflage the chameleon from predators.
Chameleons belong to the reptile family of the animal kingdom, they are creatures with their own special abilities i.e. they can change the color of their body to match them with the surrounding.
This ability of theirs is very helpful for them to hunt for prey as they can camouflage in the environment the prey doesn't get the chance to recognize them as their potential threat and thus they get attacked. Chameleons generally hunt small insects like butterflies, ants, etc.
Another and the most important use of this ability is to hide from the potential threats or predators of the wild. It helps them to blend in with their environment and avoid detection by predators. For example, if a chameleon is in a green plant, it can change its skin color to green and become nearly invisible to predators.
This adaptation allows the chameleon to survive in its environment by remaining undetected, which is essential for its survival.
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Copper has the highest conductivity of any metal used in electronics. True False Question 54 (1 point) Express the number .000000as9? using the powers of ten. A) \( 3597 \times 10^{-9} \) B) \( 35.97
Copper has the highest conductivity of any metal used in electronics. The statement is false.
Silver is the element that conducts electricity the best, followed by copper and gold.
The earth's most conductive metal is by far silver. Silver only has one valence electron, which explains this. This one electron can also go about freely and encounter little opposition. As a result, some of the metals with this particular property are silver and copper.
Silver is the metal with the highest thermal and electrical conductivity because of its distinctive crystal structure and lone valence electron.
Since copper is the non-precious metal with the highest conductivity, it has a higher electrical current carrying capacity than other non-precious metals. The strength of the metal rises when tin, magnesium, chromium, iron, or zirconium are added to copper to create alloys, but its conductivity decreases.
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what is hybridization? answer unselected the mathematical combination of standard atomic orbitals to form hybrid atomic orbitals where the number of standard atomic orbitals equals the number of hybrid atomic orbitals unselected the mathematical combination of hybrid atomic orbitals to form standard atomic orbitals where there is a single atomic orbital that forms several hybrid atomic orbitals unselected the mathematical combination of standard atomic orbitals to form hybrid atomic orbitals where all of the standard atomic orbitals form a single hybrid atomic orbital unselected the mathematical combination of standard atomic orbitals to form hybrid atomic orbitals where one standard atomic orbital forms multiple hybrid atomic orbitals
Hybridization is the process of combining standard atomic orbitals to form hybrid atomic orbitals. This process occurs when an atom in a molecule is bonded to other atoms and needs to form new hybrid orbitals to accommodate the bonding. Hybridization helps to explain the geometry of molecules and the types of chemical bonds that are present.
During hybridization, the standard atomic orbitals are mathematically combined to form hybrid atomic orbitals. The number of standard atomic orbitals equals the number of hybrid atomic orbitals. The resulting hybrid orbitals have different shapes and orientations compared to the original atomic orbitals. Hybridization can occur in different ways depending on the number and types of orbitals involved. For example, in sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital combine to form two hybrid sp orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have a linear shape and are oriented at an angle of 180 degrees from each other. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as acetylene (C2H2) where the carbon atoms are bonded to each other with a triple bond.
In sp2 hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three hybrid sp2 orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have a trigonal planar shape and are oriented at an angle of 120 degrees from each other. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as ethene (C2H4) where the carbon atoms are bonded to each other with a double bond. In sp3 hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four hybrid sp3 orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have a tetrahedral shape and are oriented at an angle of 109.5 degrees from each other. This type of hybridization occurs in molecules such as methane (CH4) where the carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
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Organisms typically have more than one form of each gene. If one form can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered _______ the other form.
A.
better than
B.
dominant over
C.
recessive to
D.
worse than
If one form of a gene can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered dominant over the other form. Option B.
What are dominant alleles?According to Mendel, genes are usually made up of 2 alleles. These alleles can be the same or different. When the alleles are the same, the gene is said to be homozygous. If the alleles are different, the gene is said to be heterozygous.
When the two alleles that make up a gene are different, one will be dominant and the other will be recessive. The dominant gene masks the effect of the recessive gene. In other words, the recessive gene cannot be expressed as long as it coexists with the dominant gene. In order for it to be expressed, it has to be in two copies or a homozygous recessive form.
For the dominant allele, however, only one copy is needed for it to be expressed.
In summary, if one form of a gene can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered dominant over the other form.
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Air is cooling at night. The frost point (temperature at which RH with respect to ice reaches 100%) is reached at T = -10 degree Celsius. a) What is the RH (normal RH with respect to liquid water) at this point? b) Upon further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T =-11 degree Celsius Kaolinite particles of 200 nm diameter are present. Do you expect ice particles to form? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. c) Upon even further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T = -12 degree Celsius. Same question as before: Do you expect ice particles to form now? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. Equilibrium vapor pressures may be calculated or taken from the table below. t/°C 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 - 10 -11 -12 -13 T/ Keow /Pa 273.15 611.2 272.15 568.2 271.15 527.9 270.15 490.2 269.15 454.8 268.15 421.8 267.15 390.9 266.15 362.1 265.15 335.1 264.15 310.0 263.15 286.5 262.15 264.7 261.15 244.3 260.15 225.4 259.15 207.8 258.15 191.4 e oi/Pa 611.2 562.7 517.7 476.1 437.5 401.8 368.7 338.2 310.0 283.9 259.9 237.7 217.3 198.5 181.2 165.3 - 14 - 15 Equilibrium vapor pressures with respect to water (eow) and with respect to ice (coi).
The equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 259.9 Pa. assume that saturation vapor pressure is same as equilibrium vapor pressure.
Therefore, the RH at the frost point is
RH = (eow / saturation vapor pressure) × 100
= (259.9 Pa / 259.9 Pa) × 100
= 100%
b) At T = -11 °C, we need to compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) to determine if ice particles will form. From the given table, at T = -11 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 237.7 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 165.3 Pa.
The air is supersaturated with respect to ice, and the presence of Kaolinite particles can provide surfaces for water droplets to condense onto, leading to the formation of ice particles.
c) At T = -12 °C, we compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi). From the given table, at T = -12 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 217.3 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 181.2 Pa.
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What makes a person scientifically literate? In three to five sentences, explain your answer.
It means that a person has the ability to describe, explain, and predict natural phenomena. Scientific literacy entails being able to read with understanding articles about science in the popular press and to engage in social conversation about the validity of the conclusions. Scientific literacy implies that a person can identify scientific issues underlying national and local decisions and express positions that are scientifically and technologically informed. A literate citizen should be able to evaluate the quality of scientific information on the basis of its source and the methods used to generate it. Scientific literacy also implies the capacity to pose and evaluate arguments based on evidence and to apply conclusions from such arguments appropriately.
hope this helps and sorry if this is wrong
1 What step in the process of scientific investigation does reading books and other sources of information classified?
A experimenting
C interpreting
B hypothesizing
D reviewing literature
2. If the hypothesis made by the scientist is false, to which step does he or she must go back to?
A. analysis of result
C. drawing of conclusion
B conduct of experiment
D. formulation of hypothesis
3. Which of the following statements describes hypothesis?
A. It is an observation about nature using five senses.
B. It is part of an experiment that uses charts and tables.
C. It is a theory proven to be correct by using the scientific method.
D. It is a testable, educated guess to the possible answer to a question,
4. You want to know which location in your house the monggo plant will grow best. Each plant has the same pot size, type of soil, and amount of water. You placed one on the yard, one by the kitchen and another in your living room. In the two variables, plant location and growth of the plant, which one is the independent variable?
A. plant location
B. growth of plant
C. both
D. none of these
5. Science process skills are the basic skills used in experiments or solving problem. Which of the following actions is NOT categorized as science process skill?
A. Inferring
B. Gardening
C. Measuring
D. Predicting
Answer:
Come all bad girls
Come all girls to see and show
fhg-hxcr-ujn
Which substance is considered to be neutral on the pH Scale? *
2 points
battery acid
pure water
bleach
ocean water
Answer:
Pure Water
Explanation:
Battery acid is well and acid
Bleach is a base
Ocean water is impure so it could lean either way
Which of the following claims about a binary compound in which the bonding is ionic is most likely to be scientifically valid?
A) Both elements in the compound are metals.
B) The atomic masses of the elements in the compound are relatively small.
C) There is equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the elements in the compound.
D) The electronegativity difference between the elements in the compound is relatively large.
Answer:
There is ionic bonding between Mg2+ ions and NO3− ions. Which of the following claims about a binary compound in which the bonding is ionic is most likely to be scientifically valid? Both elements in the compound are metals.
Answer:
The answer is D.
Explanation:
A: not correct: one element is a metal and the other is a non-metal.
B: not correct: Fr could be combined with Cl
C: not correct: They are transferred not shared.
D: correct: Non-metals have a higher electronegativity in comparison to the metals with a low electronegativity which results in a great change in electronegativity.
which type of chemical penetrates the eye deeper and continues to burn longer?
Strong acids tend to penetrate the eye deeper and continue to burn longer compared to strong bases. The corrosive nature of strong acids allows them to cause severe damage upon contact with the eye, leading to a longer-lasting burning sensation.
Strong acids, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), have the ability to donate protons (H+) in solution. When they come into contact with the eye, they can cause chemical burns due to their corrosive properties. The acidic nature of these compounds enables them to penetrate the tissues of the eye more deeply, leading to a prolonged burning sensation.
In contrast, strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), also possess corrosive properties but typically do not penetrate as deeply as strong acids. Bases tend to react with the outer layers of the eye, resulting in a relatively shorter duration of burning sensation.
It is important to note that both strong acids and strong bases can cause significant harm to the eye, and immediate medical attention is necessary in case of exposure.
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Strong acids tend to penetrate the eye deeper and continue to burn longer compared to other types of chemicals.
What is a strong acid?
A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates or ionizes in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺). This dissociation process is essentially irreversible, meaning that nearly all of the acid molecules break apart into ions when dissolved in water. As a result, strong acids are highly acidic and have a low pH value.
Strong acids are typically more corrosive and can penetrate the eye deeper, causing more severe damage and continuing to burn for a longer duration compared to weak acids or other chemicals.
When a strong acid comes into contact with the eye, it can cause immediate and severe damage due to its ability to donate protons (H+) readily and fully dissociate in water. Strong acids such as sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO₃) have the potential to cause extensive tissue damage, leading to long-lasting burning sensations and severe injury to the eye.
It is crucial to exercise extreme caution when handling or being exposed to strong acids, and immediate medical attention should be sought if an eye injury occurs.
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In a solution, what is the substance that is dissolved called?
A) saturated
B) solute
C) precipitate
D) solvent
Answer:
B
Explanation:
I think it should be B... you
Answer:
B) Solute
Explanation:
A solvent is Basically the base, for example Water, and the Solute is the substance that is added to it. like Sugar. you put Sugar(the solute) in the Water( the solvent). hope this helped you.
There is some gas in a container at pressure 136 atm. When 142 dm3 gas is released at pressure of 1 atm,then the pressure of the vessel is 131.6 atm. What is the volume of the Tank?
Answer:
228.7\(dm^{3}\)
Explanation:
According to Boyle's law
P1V1 = P2V2
where P1& P2 are initial and final pressure
and V1& V2 and initial and final volumes respectively.
Given:
P1 = 136atm, P2 = 131.6atm
V1 = 142\(dm^{3}\); V2 = ?
V2 = \(\frac{P1V1}{P2}\) = \(\frac{136*142}{131.6}\)
= 146.7\(dm^{3}\)
Total volume, V = V1 + V2
=146.7 + 142
= 228.7\(dm^{3}\)
What is the best name for the following compounds CCI4
Answer:
Carbon Tetrachloride
Explanation:
Let us break it into it's components- carbon and chlorine.
Sice there are 4 chlorine atoms bound to one carbon atom, we use the prefix 'tetra-'.
We never use prefix to the names apperaing first, only the last ones are to be prefixed according to their number.
For eg.
'mono-' for 1
'di-' for 2
etc.
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The original list from the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of 12 hazardous chemicals, called the ____________________, which includes DDT and eight other chlorine-containing persistent pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and furans.
Answer:
The dirty dozen.
Explanation:
This is mainly seen in the control of hazardous waste and its regulations through treaty in the control of persistent organic pollutant(POPs). This regulation is seen to occur in 12 widely used persistent organic pollutants; these are seen to have the ability to absorb and store tissues that make them fatty especially in humans and also animals found in the higher trophic levels or in the food web. That being said, it can be noted that the dirty dozen can move or even attain hundreds, or thousands of levels towards the environ and also in other cases, transporting them through air or water as the case may be.
can I get help with this question, chemistry class !
The indicator will change the colour of the substance. The first option is the correct one.
What are indicators?Indicators are solutions that change colours to indicate the state of reactions or the presence of certain substances.
The presence of starch in materials during scientific investigations is tested using iodine solutions as indicators. The iodine atoms in iodine solutions form a complex with the starch molecule. This is indicated by the brown colour of iodine changing to a blue/black colour.
There is no smell, taste, or state that can indicate the presence of starch in substances other than the use of iodine-based solutions as indicators.
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Substance A is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is a gas under the same conditions. Both are molecular substances. Based on this observation, we can say that the intermolecular attractions in substance A are __________ those in substance B.
A. Stronger than
B. The same strength as
C. Weaker than
Substance A is liquid at room temperature and pressure, while substance B is gas under the same conditions.Based on this observation, we can say that intermolecular attractions in substance A are stronger than those in substance B.
What are intermolecular attractions?Intermolecular attractions is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
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1.30 grams of H₂ are reacted with an excess of N₂ to produce 4.21 grams of NH3-
3H₂ + N2 → 2NH3
What was the percent yield for ammonia in this reaction?
A-27.40%
B-28.80%
C-57.50%
D-62.60%
which of the following describes a country when the income its residents earn from exports is equal to the money its residents pay to other countries for imports?
Balanced trade refers to a situation in which a country's income from exports is equal to its expenditure on imports. This equilibrium in trade is reflected in the country's balance of trade statement, which records the value of exports and imports of goods and services. The net export, representing the difference between total exports and total imports, can be positive or negative.
In economics, a trade deficit occurs when a country's total imports surpass its total exports. Conversely, a trade surplus happens when a country's total exports exceed its total imports. These imbalances in trade are indicators of the economic relationship a country has with other nations.
The trade balance is an important concept in a country's economy and is calculated by subtracting the value of imports from the value of exports. A trade surplus occurs when a country earns more from its exports than it spends on imports, leading to increased export revenue. On the other hand, a trade deficit arises when a country's spending on imports exceeds its income from exports.
It is important to note that balanced trade does not necessarily imply a positive or negative outcome. It simply indicates a state where export earnings match import expenditures. The implications of balanced trade depend on various factors, including the country's economic goals, competitiveness, and overall economic conditions.
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PREPARATION OF BASES
The preparation of bases involves several methods that are used to create substances with basic or alkaline properties are Reaction of metal with water, Reaction of metal oxide with water, Neutralization reaction, Ammonia gas dissolving in water and Partial neutralization of a strong base with a weak acid.
Reaction of metal with water: Certain metals, such as sodium or potassium, react with water to form hydroxides. For example, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Reaction of metal oxide with water: Metal oxides, such as calcium oxide (CaO) or magnesium oxide (MgO), can be added to water to form metal hydroxides. This process is known as hydration. For instance, when calcium oxide reacts with water, it forms calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Neutralization reaction: Bases can be prepared by neutralizing an acid with an appropriate alkaline substance. This involves combining an acid with a base to form water and a salt. For example, mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) results in the formation of water and sodium chloride (NaCl).
Ammonia gas dissolving in water: Ammonia gas (NH3) can dissolve in water to form ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which is a weak base.
Partial neutralization of a strong base with a weak acid: Mixing a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with a weak acid, like acetic acid (CH3COOH), results in the formation of a base with a lesser degree of alkalinity.
These methods are utilized in laboratories, industries, and various applications where bases are required, such as in the production of cleaning agents, pharmaceuticals, and chemical reactions. Each method has its own advantages and specific applications depending on the desired base and its properties.
The question was incomplete. find the full content below:
What are the various methods involved in the preparation of bases?
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Ethane (C2H6) is burned with 20% excess air during a combustion process. Assuming complete
combustion and a total pressure of 100 kPa, determine:
1. the A/F ratio.
2. the dew point temperature of the products.
To solve this problem, we need to use the principles of stoichiometry and combustion thermodynamics. The A/F ratio is the air-to-fuel ratio by mass, and it is defined as the mass of air required to completely combust one unit mass of fuel. The dew point temperature is the temperature at which the water vapor in the combustion products begins to condense, and it depends on the composition and temperature of the products.
The A/F ratio can be calculated as follows:
First, we need to write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane:
C2H6 + 3.5 O2 + (0.2 x 3.5) O2 -> 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + (0.2 x 3.5) N2
Here, the 3.5 O2 represents the stoichiometric amount of oxygen required to completely combust one unit mass of ethane, and the 0.2 x 3.5 O2 represents the excess oxygen supplied (20% excess air). The (0.2 x 3.5) N2 represents the corresponding amount of nitrogen in the excess air.
The molecular weights of the reactants and products are:
C2H6: 2 x 12.01 + 6 x 1.01 = 30.07 g/mol
O2: 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 g/mol
CO2: 1 x 12.01 + 2 x 16.00 = 44.01 g/mol
H2O: 2 x 1.01 + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol
N2: 2 x 14.01 = 28.02 g/mol
Using these values, we can calculate the mass of air required to combust one unit mass of ethane:
A/F = (mass of O2 + mass of N2) / mass of C2H6
= [(3.5 x 32.00) + (0.2 x 3.5 x 28.02)] / 30.07
= 12.53
Therefore, the A/F ratio is 12.53 by mass.
To determine the dew point temperature of the products, we need to calculate the mole fractions of the water vapor and nitrogen in the products, and then use a psychrometric chart or equations to find the dew point temperature. Alternatively, we can use the following simplified equation:
Tdp = (243.12 x ln(RH/100) + 17.62 x T) / (17.62 - ln(RH/100) - T)
Here, Tdp is the dew point temperature in °C, RH is the relative humidity of the products, and T is the temperature of the products in °C.
Assuming the combustion products are initially at a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 100% (i.e., the products are fully saturated with water vapor), we can calculate the mole fractions of the water vapor and nitrogen as follows:
Mole fraction of H2O = (n H2O) / (n H2O + n N2)
= (3 x 0.2) / [(3 x 0.2) + (3.5 x 0.2)]
= 0.3
Mole fraction of N2 = (n N2) / (n H2O + n N2)
= (3.5 x 0.2) / [(3 x 0.2) + (3.5 x 0.2)]
= 0.35
Using these values
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