paradoxical effects of obesity on t cell function during tumor progression and pd-1 checkpoint blockade

Answers

Answer 1

Leptin, at least in part, is responsible for obesity's accelerated immunological ageing, tumour development, and PD-1-mediated T cell failure.

Both tumor-bearing animals and clinical cancer patients exhibit improved efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition when obese. These findings enhance our knowledge of immunological dysfunction brought on by obesity and the effects it has on cancer, and they also emphasise the role of obesity as a biomarker for various cancer immunotherapies. According to these statistics, obesity paradoxically has a negative effect on cancer. Increased immune dysfunction and tumour development are present, but checkpoint blockade, which specifically targets some of the pathways activated in obesity, also results in increased anti-tumor efficacy and survival.

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Related Questions

what is an appropriate portion (in ounces) of protein at a meal for an adult, average woman who requires approximately 1500-1800 calories per day?

Answers

In accordance with the USDA's 2020–2025 Dietary Recommendations for Americans, women should consume around 46 grams of protein daily, while men should consume about 56 grams.

Which one of the following best describes the serving size for lipids for a female?

Use your complete thumb to estimate your portion size for items high in fat, such as oils, almond butter, nut butters, and nuts and seeds. We advise men to eat 2 servings of fat, about the size of a thumb, with most meals. We also advise ladies to eat one thumb's worth of fats for most meals.

For women, how very much proteins is too much?

The majority of evidence suggests that consuming more protein than 2 grams per kilogram of body weight per day can have negative health effects over time. 

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A/An is a type of blood cell that's also called a red blood cell. a) Jeukocyte O b) thrombocyte c) plasma d) erythrocyte

Answers

Answer:

red blood cell, also called erythrocyte,

Explanation:

Hope it helps

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A/An is a type of blood cell that's also called a red blood cell. a) Jeukocyte O b) thrombocyte c) plasma

(K12) Question 1 (1 point)
How does a fungus get food?
Question 1 options:

A. both autotroph and heterotroph

B. autotroph

C. Neither. It doesn't need food!

D. heterotroph

Answers

Answer:

D. Heterotroph

Explanation:

Fungi can't make their own food/energy like plants, they must extract energy from other living or dead things.

I believe the answer is c

Which of the following is NOT a reason to consider buying frozen produce instead of fresh?
a. It's convenient
b. It costs less
c. It lasts longer
d. It is free from pesticides

Answers

It is not a reason to consider buying frozen produce instead of fresh. While frozen produce may still contain some pesticides, the freezing process itself does not eliminate them entirely.The answer to your question is (d)It is free from pesticides.

However, the other options - convenience, cost, and longer shelf life - are all valid reasons to consider buying frozen produce. Frozen fruits and vegetables are often pre-washed and pre-cut, making them quick and easy to use in recipes. They are also often less expensive than fresh produce, especially if the fresh produce is out of season or not grown locally.

Finally, frozen produce can last much longer in the freezer than fresh produce can last in the fridge, reducing food waste and allowing you to keep nutritious fruits and vegetables on hand for longer periods of time.

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7.Medical research has concluded that people experience a common cold roughly two times per year. Assume that the time between colds is normally distributed with a mean of 160 days and a standard deviation of 40 days.
(a) What is the probability of going 200 or more days between colds? Of going 365 or more days?
(b) What is the probability of getting a cold within 80 days of a previous cold?

Answers

The probability of of going 200 or 365 or more is 0.0008.

The probability of getting cold is 0.0228.

How to find probability?

(a) To find the probability of going 200 or more days between colds, we need to calculate the z-score for 200 days:

z = (200 - 160) / 40 = 0.5

Using a standard normal table, we can find that the probability of having a z-score greater than or equal to 0.5 is approximately 0.6915.

To find the probability of going 365 or more days between colds:

z = (365 - 160) / 40 = 3.125

Using a standard normal table, we can find that the probability of having a z-score greater than or equal to 3.125 is approximately 0.0008.

(b) To find the probability of getting a cold within 80 days of a previous cold, we need to calculate the z-score for 80 days:

z = (80 - 160) / 40 = -2

Using a standard normal table, we can find that the probability of having a z-score less than or equal to -2 is approximately 0.0228.

So, the probability of getting a cold within 80 days of a previous cold is approximately 0.0228.

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The probability is 0.0008.

What is the importance of the mucus that are released by salivary glands?.

Answers

Answer:

extremely effective in binding masticated food into a slippery bolus that (usually) slides easily through the esophagus without inflicting damage to the mucosa.

Explanation:


Why is it important to endure that all entries are posted to monthly statements correctly? if items are not posted correctly, how could this potentially impact the way patients view their clinic? how could not posting transactions affect the clinic?

Answers

Answer:

If items are not posted correctly, patients may believe that the clinic is not keeping accurate records. This could potentially impact the way patients view their clinic. Not posting transactions could also affect the clinic's bottom line.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

Ensuring all entries are posted correctly is crucial for maintaining accurate financial records and building trust with patients.

Accurate posting of entries to monthly statements is essential for several reasons. First and foremost, it ensures that the clinic's financial records are precise and reliable. Any errors or omissions in the entries can lead to discrepancies in the clinic's financial statements, which may result in incorrect assessments of the clinic's financial health and performance.

When patients receive monthly statements, they expect them to be accurate and transparent. Incorrectly posted entries can lead to billing errors, overcharging, or undercharging patients, which can cause frustration and dissatisfaction among patients. It may lead to a loss of trust in the clinic's billing practices and overall quality of service.

Additionally, if transactions are not posted correctly, it can create confusion and difficulties in tracking patient payments, outstanding balances, and insurance reimbursements. This can result in delayed or missed payments, cash flow issues, and challenges in managing the clinic's revenue.

Moreover, inaccurate financial records can lead to compliance and regulatory issues. If the clinic is audited or required to provide financial documentation, discrepancies in the records can raise red flags and result in penalties or fines.

On the other hand, accurate posting of transactions ensures that the clinic maintains a high level of professionalism and credibility. Patients feel confident in the clinic's financial practices, leading to increased patient satisfaction and loyalty.

In conclusion, accurate posting of entries to monthly statements is crucial for maintaining financial integrity, building trust with patients, and ensuring the smooth financial operations of the clinic. By prioritizing accuracy and attention to detail, the clinic can avoid potential negative impacts on patient perceptions and establish a positive reputation within the community.

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your obese uncle has tried every diet under the sun, yet he is still a very large man. he probably has question 6 options: a) converted the fat cells to muscle cells through his dieting efforts. b) a slower metabolic rate. c) a permanent change in basic eating habits. d) acquired taste aversions.

Answers

The most likely reason for your obese uncle's inability to lose weight despite trying various diets is a slower metabolic rate.

What could be the cause of your obese uncle's slower metabolic rate?

A slower metabolic rate can be a significant factor contributing to difficulty in losing weight. Metabolism refers to the processes by which the body converts food into energy. A slower metabolism means that your uncle's body is not burning calories as efficiently as it should, leading to weight gain or difficulty in losing weight.

There are several factors that can contribute to a slower metabolic rate. One possible cause is age. As people age, their metabolism naturally slows down. Hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism, can also affect metabolism and lead to weight gain. Additionally, certain medical conditions, medications, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to a slower metabolic rate.

It's important for your uncle to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of his slower metabolism. They can provide appropriate guidance and potentially recommend interventions or lifestyle changes to boost his metabolism and promote weight loss.

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The pH of blood can fluctuate from a pH of 5 to a pH of 9 with very little consequence to a Person
True False ​

Answers

Answer: Answer choice, True

Explanation: Hope this helps! Have a terrific day! <3

What are the treatment modalities and approach for a patient diagnosed with Hyperthyroidism?

Answers

Answer:

Options for treatment of hyperthyroidism include antithyroid medications (Methimazole and Propylthiouracil (PTU)), radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. The choice of treatment modality depends on the underlying cause of the hyperthyroidism and patient related factors.

If the physician tested for automated CBC and automated differential wbc count, hepatitis b surface antigen (HbsAg),rubella antibody, qualitative syphilis test, RBC antibody screening, ABO blood typing and Rh (D) blood typing, what will you code

Answers

Answer:

Obstetric panel

Explanation:

The obstetric panel has a test code of 20210 with CPT codes of 80055 which includes a Complete Blood Count with White Blood Cell Differential Count, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, RPR Screen/Reflex Titer/FTA, Rubella Immunity (IgG), and Type/Rh/Antibody Screen (Prenatal).

DID I CLICK THE RIGHT ONE SOMEONE IT IS MY LAST QUESTION SOMEONE HELP PLEASE

DID I CLICK THE RIGHT ONE SOMEONE IT IS MY LAST QUESTION SOMEONE HELP PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

11mL

Explanation:

hope this helps

Too much of a good thing. A simple Michaelis-Menten enzyme in the absence of any inhibitor displayed kinetic be tic behavior. The value of Vmax is shown on the y-axis

Answers

Answer:

wia se cewa qune thanks :)

The public health nurse is aware that writing and implementing policies is a complex process. Before implementing a new federal policy what should the nurse do first? A) Check for any modifications at the state or local level
B) Hold an in-service for staff to educate on the changes
C) Ensure all office resources reflect the changes
D) Prepare to educate the community about the new changes

Answers

Before implementing a new federal policy, the public health nurse should first check for any modifications at the state or local level.

When implementing a new federal policy, it is crucial for the public health nurse to be aware of any modifications or regulations at the state or local level. By checking for existing policies, the nurse can avoid duplication of efforts and ensure that the proposed federal policy aligns with or complements the existing frameworks. State or local policies may have already addressed the specific health issue or may have related regulations that can inform the implementation process.

Furthermore, understanding the state or local context is essential for effective policy implementation. Different regions may have unique needs, resources, and cultural considerations that can impact the success of the policy. By checking for modifications at the state or local level, the nurse can tailor the implementation strategy to address the specific needs of the community. This step also allows for collaboration and coordination with existing local initiatives, fostering a more cohesive and integrated approach to public health.

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FDA can only regulate dietary supplements when concerns for——— exist.

A. Drug abuse
B. Patient safety
C. Adherence
D. Effectively

Answers

Don’t quote me all this but I think it may be c

Hello! Can someone please give me a a brief job description for a audiologist?

Answers

Answer:

An audiologist helps people with finding hearing disorders and balance other neural systems.

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

Her peak HR was 79% of age-predicted maximum. Would this be considered "chronotropic incompetence" (inability of the heart to increase its rate with increased activity) or due to something else?

Answers

A peak heart rate of 79% of the age-predicted maximum may be concerning, but it is not necessarily indicative of chronotropic incompetence. Further evaluation and testing would be necessary to make a definitive diagnosis

Chronotropic incompetence," which refers to the inability of the heart to increase its rate with increased activity. This condition can be a sign of underlying cardiovascular disease and can have significant implications for one's overall health and fitness.

In the case of this student, their peak heart rate was measured at 79% of their age-predicted maximum. While this may seem like a high number, it is important to note that the age-predicted maximum is only an estimate based on age and does not take into account individual factors such as fitness level, genetics, and overall health.

To determine if this student is experiencing chronotropic incompetence, it would be necessary to perform further testing and evaluation. This could include a stress test, which measures the heart's response to increased activity, or an echocardiogram, which can provide detailed images of the heart and identify any abnormalities or structural issues.

Other factors that could contribute to a lower peak heart rate could include dehydration, medication use, or even simply being out of shape. It is important to consider all of these factors when evaluating an individual's heart rate response to exercise.

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Explain, physiologically, why varying the frequency of action potentials occurring in a presynaptic cell leads to varying the amount of neurotransmitter released from the synaptic terminals.

Answers

The variation in the frequency of action potentials in a presynaptic cell may lead to variations in the number of neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals because it is directly with the intensity of the stimuli.

What is the frequency of action potentials?

The frequency of action potentials is directly correlated with the type of environmental stimuli, which may increase the frequency and thus also trigger an increase in the concomitant process of neurotransmitter release.

A presynaptic neuron having a high frequency of action potentials is able to release bursts of chemical messengers (i.e., neurotransmitters) in the presynaptic region, which occurs in fast succession mode.

In conclusion, the variation in the frequency of action potentials in a presynaptic cell may lead to variations in the number of neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals because it is directly with the intensity of the stimuli.

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The nurse completes the initial assessment of a newborn. Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the newborn is experiencing difficulty with oxygenation

Answers

Nasal flaring is a sign of respiratory difficulty in the newborn. finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the newborn is experiencing difficulty with oxygenation

When you breathe, your nostrils may flare up slightly. It can be an indication that you're experiencing trouble breathing. Children and infants are most frequently affected by it. It could be a sign of respiratory discomfort in some situations.

Why do my Nasal flaring up?

There are several reasons that can lead to nasal flaring, from short-term diseases to chronic ailments and accidents. It could also be a result of strenuous exercise. Nasal flare-ups are not normal when breathing comfortably.

infection from bacteria and viruses

If you have a serious infection, like the flu, you might see your nostrils flare. People with severe respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchiolitis are the ones who experience it the most frequently.

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Dr's order is 7.5 mg, the bottle on hand reads 5mg tabs how many tables are given?

Answers

Answer:

1.5 tablets

Explanation:

if you were getting one dose of 7.5mg but are given in the form of 5mg then it'll be 1 and 1/2 tablet to equal 7.5mg.

Balance the chemical equation below;
PCl3 + Cl2+ P4O10= POCl3​

Answers

6PCl3 + 6Cl2 + P4O10 → 10POCl3

a nurse at a long-term care facility is conducting a medication reconciliation for a client who has just moved into the facility. the client is currently taking clopidogrel. the nurse is most justified suspecting that this client has a history of what condition?

Answers

The client is currently taking clopidogrel which makes the nurse most justified suspecting that this client has a history of myocardial infarction and is denoted as option D.

What is Clopidogrel?

This refers to a type of medication which functions as an antiplatelet and helps reduce the risk of blood clotting.

On the other hand, myocardial infarction is also referred to as a heart attack which is caused by the blockage of the flow of the blood to the heart which results in its death. Drugs such as clopidogrel is used to treat it which is why option D was chosen as the correct choice.

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The options are:

A) hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident.

B) hemophilia A.

C) idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

D) myocardial infarction.

Complete the sentence.
Medication administration technology uses
to dispense the right medication to the right patient.

Answers

Answer:

Medicare is a government national health insurance program in the United States, begun in 1965 under the Social Security Administration (SSA) and now administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). It primarily provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older, but also for some younger people with disability status as determined by the SSA, including people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease)

A 33-year-old man is brought to the medical department because of extreme fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, and darkening of his skin (hyperpigmentation). On physical examination, he has a low blood pressure. Blood tests reveal low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). He is a bodybuilder who has been using steroids for 10 years. The doctor explains to him that his symptoms are due to loss of endocrine stimulation of his adrenal glands which led to reduced adrenal function. Answer the following questions regarding cellular adaptations in this patient?
Q. What happened to his muscles after using steroids?
Q. What happened to his muscles after he stopped using steroids?

Answers

Steroid use can cause an increase in muscle mass due to the anabolic effects of the steroids. In this patient's case, it is likely that his muscles increased in size and strength during the 10 years he was using steroids as a bodybuilder.

When the patient stopped using steroids, his muscles may have undergone a process called atrophy, which is the decrease in muscle size and strength. This is because the anabolic effects of steroids are no longer present to maintain the increased muscle mass. However, it's important to note that the exact changes that occur in a person's muscles after they stop using steroids can vary depending on factors such as the duration and dosage of steroid use, as well as other individual factors such as diet and exercise habits.

5. What is one way that you can use one of the learning theories to influence another human or animal in your life? What theory of learning would you use? Why?

Answers

Learning theories give teachers models for creating lessons that promote better learning by describing the circumstances and procedures through which learning takes place.

What is learning theories?

Learning theories are defined as the theory based on the behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism psychological perspectives.

The biological processes of learning start in neurons, which are electrically stimulated brain cells.

Synaptic plasticity, which involves modifying the number and strength of neuronal connections, is the mechanism by which learning occurs.

Thus, learning theories give teachers models for creating lessons that promote better learning by describing the circumstances and procedures through which learning takes place.

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8. Your patient is prescribed a medication 2.5 mg orally twice a day x 20 tablets. The
owner of the patient asks you how many days in total she should give her dog the
medication. What do you tell her?

Answers

Answer:

according to the tablet she will buy

Explanation:

if the pill is 2,5 it will be 10 days

if the pill is 5 mg and she needs to divide it to be suitable to the does which the dr described it will be 20 days

A middle-manager who oversees the operations of several nursing units has a high degree of organizational centrality. What is most likely true about this manager

Answers

A middle manager who oversees the operations of several nursing units has a high degree of organizational centrality. The manager receives much communication from varied directions.

The fact that the manager receives much communication from varied directions suggests that they are a key point of contact and connection for different individuals or departments within the organization.

They are likely responsible for overseeing the operations of several nursing units, which requires coordination, collaboration, and information exchange with various stakeholders.

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cheggg how can the themes in this story be applied to a position in healthcare? what’s important in the ""take away"" regarding empathy in medicine?

Answers

The themes in this story of empathy in medicine can be applied to a position in healthcare by teaching healthcare providers to be more understanding, patient and compassionate to their patients.

It is essential to remember that the patient is more than just their diagnosis and to take the time to get to know them as an individual. The most important takeaway from this story is that showing empathy and compassion to patient’s can often have a positive effect on the patient’s health outcomes.

In doing so, healthcare providers should strive to make the patient feel heard and respected, take the time to listen and understand their perspective, and treat them with kindness and compassion. Empathy should be an integral part of healthcare and should be a priority for healthcare providers.

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The range for a normal resting heart rate is 60 to 90 bpm. A trained athlete could have a resting heart rate of 45 to 60 bpm. Why might a very fit person have a slower heart rate than someone or average fitness?

Answers

A very fit person has a slower heart rate than someone or average fitness may be because their stroke volume is much greater.

The reason that an athlete may have a slower resting heart rate is that their stroke volume is much greater i.e.,  with a single beat of the heart, they can pump a lot more oxygenated blood out to the periphery.

Whereas any beats of the heart may be required by a normal person to pump the same volume of blood. KEY IDEA= STROKE VOLUME! This may be because exercise strengthens the heart muscle. With each heartbeat it allows it to pump a greater amount of blood. More oxygen is also supplied to the muscles.

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Who do you feel were important in the development of medicine? Explain why.

Answers

I believe we are all important in the developement of medicine because everybody’s body is different, therefore we will all react different to the different medicines. So there is so much research that has to be done because it might affect someone in a bad way or someone in a good way.
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Which type of public policy is the followingpolicy?Establishment of a Federal holiday.A. Domestic PolicyB. Foreign PolicyC. Both Domestic and ForeignD. Not A Public Policy geometry question. please help Let's talk about biomass energy. A) First, using 3-4 sentences, tell me what it is and how it works. B) list 2 things that could be used for biomass energy. C) Next, please explain why it is somewhat controversial. sin(2x)cos(7x) - cos(2x)sin(7x)= -0.1 Whats Louisiana governor Mary's Muffins makes 300 muffins on Thursday mornings. On Fridays, they make 10 times as many muffins as they do on Thursdays. How many muffins does Mary's Muffins make on a Friday? * Homeotic mutants had some strange phenotypes that drew the attention of researchers. upon investigation, they led to the discovery of a set of genes that have a unique role in the development of many organisms. what genes were these, and what is their role? the newborn state of ____ is defined as a period where the babys eyes are open but they seem unfocused, and its arms and legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motions during an on-field examination, the examiner must be aware of the complications from an elbow dislocation that could include injury to the median and radial nerves and the brachial artery. If competitors cannot easily copy the benefit a company chooses to promote, that benefit is said to be _________. What file organization would you choose to maximize efficiencyin terms of speed of access, use of storage space, and ease ofupdating ( adding/deleting/modifying) when the data are:a. Updated infrequently and accessed frequently in randomorder?b. Updated frequently and accessed in its entirety relativelyfrequently?c. Updated frequelntly and accessed frequently in randomorder? Which of these statements is true?1. Dodger fans frequently booed Jackie Robinson for his poor play2. Racist fans taunted Robinson, and racist players sometimes tried to hurt him3. All baseball fans welcomed Jackie Robinson's major league debut4. Jackie Robinson only played on year in the major leagues Why are human-powered generators the best energy source for the rescue team? Muslim who pursues a life of poverty and spirituality Decide if the following systems of equations are consistent or inconsistentand if they are consistent, give ALL of the solutions. Give your reasons.You may use your calculator.x + 2x2 + 1x3 = 52x; + 3x2 + 23 = 2.X1 - x3 = 3. you have recently purchased a gaming laptop and want to make sure that it is properly ventilated to avoid overheating.which of the following is the best way to avoid overheating the laptop (especially when gaming for hours)? The cost of shirts is $12.90 each if 1,000 shirts are purchased. Harry sells 800 shirts before the football season begins at a 50% markup based on cost. What is the gross margin (markup) if Harry sells the remaining 200 shirts at a 30% reduction from the selling price? which of the following arguments did some late-nineteenth-century leaders use to justify the situation depicted in the image? A client informs the nurse that he has been taking ibuprofen every 6 hours for 3 weeks to help alleviate the pain of arthritis. The client has a history of a gastric ulcer and is taking a proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of this disorder. What should the nurse instruct the client about the use of the ibuprofen what is social study?