One route through which stress may affect the immune system is through A) lowered epinephrine levels. B) elevated cortisol levels. C) reverse peristalsis. D) any of these.
Answers
Answer: As a survival mechanism, stress causes the sympathetic nervous system to release hormones. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis both generate these chemicals.
Explanation: What is immune system?
A network of biological processes called the immune system guards an organism against disease. It recognizes and reacts to a wide range of pathogens, separating them from the organism's own healthy tissue, including viruses, parasitic worms, cancer cells, and things like wood splinters. There are two main immune system subsystems seen in many species. The innate immune system responds to a variety of events and stimuli in a predetermined way. The adaptive immune system learns to recognize chemicals it has previously met and responds to each stimulus in a way that is specific to that stimulus. Both rely on molecules and cells to carry out their respective tasks.
Almost all living things have some sort of immune system. Bacteria have a simple immune system in the form of defense-inducing enzymes.
Related Questions
In an experiment, researchers find that certain neurons in the visual cortex preferentially fire in response to a bar of light that is oriented at a specific angle, and that different neurons similarly respond to bars of light oriented at different angles. This finding provides the strongest evidence for:
Answers
Answer:
Feature detection
Explanation:
Feature detection involves different neurons that are activated in response to specific stimuli. For example, feature detectors are activated in the cerebral cortex through visual stimuli of specific shapes or patterns. These neurons become more and more complex as the stimuli also become progressively more complex and specific. Featured detector neurons have been identified in the toad vision, where they have been involved in the toad's behavior in response to worm-like moving stimuli (e.g., orienting), and the bat auditory cortex, where they have been involved in the measurement of the distance between the bat and its prey.
in your experiment did blood glucose increase at any time interval for the group that drank sugar-free drinks?
Answers
Aspartame is a sugar substitute that is used in many foods and beverages to give consumers a reduced, low, or no-calorie option. We use aspartame in several of our goods because we are aware that many consumers desire delicious beverages with lower sugar and calorie content.
What is Sugar-free drink ?Diet sodas and sugar-free flavored sparkling water are examples of sugar-free carbonated beverages that may raise your chance of developing diabetes and give you headaches. These sugar-sweetened beverages have fewer calories than conventional drinks with sugar added, but drinking them can result in weight gain.
What Blood glucose ?The primary sugar in your blood is called blood sugar, or glucose. Your body uses it as its primary source of energy, and it originates from the food you eat. All of the cells in your body receive glucose from your blood to be used as fuel. Diabetes is a condition in which you have too high blood sugar levels.
The term "glycaemia," also referred to as "blood sugar level," "blood sugar concentration," or "blood glucose level," refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood of people or other animals. A 70 kg person's blood contains 4 grams or less of the simple sugar glucose at all times.
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Which of the following consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a
side chain?
A. DNA
B. An amino acid
C. A nucleotide
D. A carbohydrate
Answers
Answer:
An amino acid
Explanation:
How does the presence of cosmic microwave background radiation support the big bang theory?
Check all that are true.
-It shows that here is a faint, leftover energy that is coming from all directions of the universe.
-It shows that the universe used to be smaller with a uniform temperature.
-It shows that the universe is coming back together and will collapse in a massive black hole.
-It shows that all matter and energy in the universe is accelerating.
Answers
Answer:
I'm pretty sure that it's B
It shows that the universe used to be smaller with a uniform temperature. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is cosmic microwave background radiation?According to the theory of the Big Bang, the cosmic microwave background is an electromagnetic radiation that is a relic from an earlier stage in the development of the universe. This radiation is also known as "relic radiation." The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the weak radiation that permeates all of space.
One of the primary confirmations of the Big Bang is thought to be its discovery and thorough studies of its attributes. The cosmic background radiation was accidentally discovered in 1965, which shows that the early cosmos was dominated by a radiation field with extraordinarily high temperatures and pressure.
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If you are looking at the following strand of repeating nucleotides:
AUCGCUGUAAGCGCCAAU
is it DNA or RNA and how can you tell?
Answers
Answer:
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The bases used in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). In RNA, the base uracil (U) takes the place of thymine.
The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to compare the absolute ages of rocks from two different parts of the canyon?
A. the size and hardness of each rock
B. the size of the crystals that make up each rock
C. the amounts of radioactive elements in each rock
D. the location of each rock
Answers
In order to compare the absolute ages of rocks from two different parts of the Grand Canyon, a scientist would need the amounts of radioactive elements in each rock.
The correct option is C.
How can the absolute age of rocks be determined?To compare the absolute ages of rocks from different parts of the Grand Canyon, a scientist would need to use radiometric dating techniques that rely on measuring the amounts of radioactive isotopes and their decay products in each rock sample.
This method allows scientists to determine the age of a rock sample based on the decay rate of the radioactive isotopes it contains. By comparing the ages of rocks from different parts of the canyon, scientists can reconstruct the geological history of the region and better understand how the landscape has evolved over time.
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which of the following is the best description of bioaccumulation? responses the uptake of essential nutrients by plant roots the uptake of essential nutrients by plant roots the absorption of a substance by an organism at a rate greater than the rate of elimination the absorption of a substance by an organism at a rate greater than the rate of elimination the transfer of persistent pollutants like pcbs from one generation to the next the transfer of persistent pollutants like pcbs from one generation to the next a process that occurs exclusively in marine ecosystems a process that occurs exclusively in marine ecosystems a high mortality rate in organisms that have been exposed to a toxin
Answers
Bioaccumulation is the process of a substance being absorbed by an organism at a rate greater than the rate of elimination.
What is elimination?In mathematics and computer science, elimination is a process of solving a system of equations by reducing them to a simpler form. This can be done in several ways, such as by combining equations, eliminating variables, and using substitution methods. By applying the principles of elimination, one can either determine the solution of the system of equations or use it as a tool to further reduce the complexity of the system. Elimination is a powerful tool and can be used in many areas of mathematics, including linear algebra, calculus, and numerical analysis.
This can occur with essential nutrients, persistent pollutants like PCBs, and toxins. It is not exclusive to marine ecosystems, but can occur in any ecosystem. Bioaccumulation can also result in a high mortality rate in organisms that have been exposed to a toxin.
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Suppose a female fruit fly carries a mutation in her nanos gene that prevents expression of the nanos protein in any eggs she produces. Which effect is likely to be observed?.
Answers
Her eggs yield fruit fly embryos with two heads, one of which is attached to a gene that prevents the nanos protein from being expressed in any ensuing eggs.
What conditions would result in ducklings losing their webbing?Apoptosis causes the destruction of webbing. Duck embryos with mutated BMP4 have non-webbed feet in an experimental setting. Genes function under the control of genetic switches to determine both an organism's growth and the evolution of species differences.
In what capacity do gap genes function in Drosophila?The segmentation pathway's earliest steps are regulated by the gap gene system in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Due to its critical role in embryo patterning, this system Interest in this field has come from both computer modelers and experimentalists due to its tractability.
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HELP ME PLEASE
Question 18 of 34
How do the structures of alveoli and capillaries support the function of gas
exchange?
Bronchiole
Alveoll
Smal blood
vessels (capillarles)
A. The shapes of the alveoli and the capillaries allow for a large
surface area for gas exchange.
B. Pores in the membranes allow oxygen to move out of the alveoli's
cells and carbon dioxide to move into the cells.
C. The shapes of the alveoli and the capillaries slow blood flow,
allowing for more time for gas exchange.
D. The membranes have proteins that transport carbon dioxide and
oxygen against the concentration gradients.
Answers
The structure of alveoli and capillaries supports the function of gas exchange by forming the pores in the membranes allowing oxygen to move out of the alveoli's cells and carbon dioxide to move into the cells. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Gas exchange?The Gas exchange may be characterized as the biological approach through which specific gases are migrated across cell membranes to either enter or exit the blood.
During the process of gas exchange, oxygen is consistently needed for cells to perform cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide is eliminated as a waste product.
This entry and exit of oxygen and carbon dioxide are mediated by the pores which are present in the alveoli and capillaries of the heart.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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Why did the travel agent tell the producer of the video to plant a certain number of trees when he
booked a flight? In your answer, explain how trees affect the carbon cycle
Answers
Answer:
The producer booked a ticket on an airplane. When he flies, the plane will add a certain amount of CO2 to the atmosphere. One way to remove CO2 is by planting trees. We know that trees take in CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. The producer can help keep his travel plan carbon neutral by planting a related number of trees. The trees offset the carbon released into the atmosphere by the airplane.
Explanation:
I took this from the real answer on Edmentum.
Answer:
The producer booked a ticket on an airplane. When he flies, the plane will add a certain amount of CO2 to the atmosphere. One way to remove CO2 is by planting trees. We know that trees take in CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. The producer can help keep his travel plan carbon neutral by planting a related number of trees. The trees offset the carbon released into the atmosphere by the airplane.
Explanation:PLATO
PLEASE HELP AND FAST
Heredity Lab Report
Instructions: In the Heredity lab, you investigated how hamsters inherit traits from their parents. Record your observations in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report.
Name and Title:
Include your name, instructor's name, date, and name of lab.
Objective(s):
In your own words, what was the purpose of this lab?
Hypothesis:
In this section, please include the if/then statements you developed during your lab activity. These statements reflect your predicted outcomes for the experiment.
Test One: If I breed a short fur, FF female with a short fur, Ff male, then I will expect to see (all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.
Test Two: If I breed a short fur, Ff female with a short fur, Ff male, then I will expect to see (all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.
Test Three: If I breed a long fur, ff female with a long fur, ff male, then I will expect to see (all short fur; some short and some long fur; all long fur) offspring.
Procedure:
The procedures are listed in your virtual lab. You do not need to repeat them here. Please be sure to identify the test variable (independent variable) and the outcome variable (dependent variable) for this investigation.
Remember, the test variable is what is changing in this investigation. The outcome variable is what you are measuring in this investigation.
Test variable (independent variable):
Outcome variable (dependent variable):
Data:
Record the data from each trial in the data chart below. Be sure to fill in the chart completely.
Test One
Parent 1: FF
Parent 2: Ff
Phenotype ratio:
________ :
________
short fur :
long fur
Test Two
Parent 1: Ff
Parent 2: Ff
Phenotype ratio:
________ :
________
short fur :
long fur
Test Three
Parent 1: ff
Parent 2: ff
Phenotype ratio:
________ :
________
short fur :
long fur
Conclusion:
Your conclusion will include a summary of the lab results and an interpretation of the results. Please write in complete sentences.
Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are dominant?
Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are recessive?
If you have a hamster with short fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?
If you have a hamster with long fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?
Did your data support your hypotheses? Use evidence to support your answer for each test.
Test One:
Test Two:
Test Three:
Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
Answers
Name and Title:
Start with the heading that includes your name, instructor's name, date, and name of the lab.
Objective(s):
In this section, briefly explain the purpose of the lab. What did you investigate, and why is it important?
Hypothesis:
In this section, state the if/then statements you developed during the lab activity. These statements reflect your predicted outcomes for the experiment.
Procedure:
Describe the procedures that were carried out in the virtual lab. Identify the test variable (independent variable) and the outcome variable (dependent variable) for this investigation.
Data:
Record the data from each trial in the data chart provided in the virtual lab. Be sure to fill in the chart completely.
Conclusion:
Summarize the lab results and interpret the data. Answer the following questions in your conclusion:
Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are dominant?
Which genotype(s) and phenotype for fur length are recessive?
If you have a hamster with short fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?
If you have a hamster with long fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?
Did your data support your hypotheses? Use evidence to support your answer for each test.
Which hamsters are the parents of the mystery hamster? Include evidence to prove that they are the correct parents.
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While studying for a test, Tyrone created some note cards. What would be an appropriate title for the note
card above?
A product of photosynthesis.
A reactant of photosynthesis
Parts of a plant cell.
Organelles that capture sunlight.
Answers
Why is our central dogma the most important piece to our functionality in life?
Answers
Answer:
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) to protein. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, the cell keeps the DNA protected and copies it in the form of RNA.
Explanation:
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA contains instructions for making a protein, which are copied by RNA. RNA then uses the instructions to make a protein. In short: DNA → RNA → Protein, or DNA to RNA to Protein.
Identical twins, who have inherited a gene associated with obesity, are adopted by different families. One is growing up in a very health-conscious family, while the other is growing up in a family that eats a lot of fast food and never exercises. Which statement describes their likely weights upon reaching adulthood?
A.
They will both be overweight because they both have the gene associated with obesity.
B.
They will both be of average weight because their genes will mutate as they grow and develop.
C.
The weight of the twins is difficult to predict because both genes and environmental factors affect weight.
D.
One twin will be overweight and the other will be of average weight, because they were raised in different environments.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
this statement is true and no matter what the genes say environmental parts play a huge role
Inside the human body, heat is constantly generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions. Humans must be able to release heat to the environment. This adaptation is necessary for maintaining
Answers
Answer:
Homeostasis.
Explanation:
In biology, homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limits.
absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms except a. sustained absorption. b. passive absorption. c. active absorption. d. facilitated absorption.
Answers
Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms except sustained absorption, thus the correct option is (a)
Additionally, the gut actively absorbs amino acids with the aid of an ionic gradient made possible by the hydrolysis of ATP. The small intestine absorbs glucose with the aid of active absorption.
This happens because of a sodium ion gradient that is created as a result of the hydrolysis of ATP. The production of chylomicrons aids in the absorption of fatty acids. The fatty acids are transported into the lacteals of the lymph channel by the chylomicrons as they are immediately absorbed through the villi. The lymph carries it to the adipocyte cells.
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Match each characteristic to bacterial protein synthesis or eukaryotic protein synthesis.
Answer Bank:
First AUG initiates translation.
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
80S ribosome.
70S ribosome.
simultaneous transcription
and translation possible
spatial separation of
transcription and translation
polycistronic mRNA
Answers
Polycistronic mRNA - Bacterial mRNA can contain multiple coding regions (cistrons), allowing for the synthesis of several proteins from a single mRNA molecule.
Bacterial Protein Synthesis:
1. Shine-Dalgarno sequence - This sequence is found in bacterial mRNA and helps with the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA.
2. 70S ribosome - Bacterial ribosomes are smaller, with a total size of 70S.
3. Simultaneous transcription and translation possible - In bacteria, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.
4. Polycistronic mRNA - Bacterial mRNA can contain multiple coding regions (cistrons), allowing for the synthesis of several proteins from a single mRNA molecule.
Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis:
1. First AUG initiates translation - In eukaryotes, the first AUG codon signals the start of translation.
2. 80S ribosome - Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger, with a total size of 80S.
3. Spatial separation of transcription and translation - In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm, creating a spatial separation.
4. Monocistronic mRNA - Eukaryotic mRNA typically contains a single coding region, allowing for the synthesis of only one protein per mRNA molecule.
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How did international events Influence expansion and development of America and the system of slavery?
pls cite ur evidence
Answers
I don't know many events in history but this one,
How did slaves influence Americans?
Slaves were a big part of this society by growing with colonies and then greatly contributed to the economics of America, when the slaves were released or freed they brought upon expertise, agriculture, Music, Religions, and food.
That is one way they brought upon an influence.
Good Luck
Which level of organization is shown in the image?
.
ocell
O tissue
organ
organ system
Answers
Answer:
cell
Explanation:
definition its basic unit of life
Hii!! The correct answer is actually B. tissue. (:
HElP EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
Answers
Bread = carbohydrate
Fructose = carbohydrate
Enzymes = proteins
RNA = nucleic acid
Monosaccharide = carbohydrate
Cholesterol = lipid
Polysaccharide = carbohydrate
Amino acid = protein
Unsaturated fat = lipid
Glucose = carbohydrate
Saturated fat = lipid
I think this is right. I hope this helps.
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Which organism is most reliant on other organisms, natural processes, or both for reproduction? Explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
The organism most reliant on other organisms for reproduction is a parasite. Parasites rely on other organisms, such as their host, for reproduction as they lack the necessary reproductive organs. They must rely on the reproductive organs of their hosts in order to reproduce. Additionally, parasites may rely on natural processes such as environmental conditions in order to reproduce.
Answer:
sexual reproducers
Explanation:
season, and where other organisms are
Which step happens first in DNA replication?
Answers
Answer:
The answer would be A. Base pairs are broken apart.
Explanation:
First, the base pairs break apart so that new DNA can be added. Then, the replication fork forms. After, protein is formed from the DNA, and lastly, the DNA is checked for errors.
If I am wrong, please correct me.
During DNA replication, the replication fork forms. The correct option is D.
The initial stage of DNA replication is the development of the replication fork. The double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and splits into two distinct strands, forming the Y-shaped replication fork.
Origins of replication are specific locations where the separation takes place.
The other phases of DNA replication can start once the replication fork has established.
These include base pair dissociation (A), DNA error detection (B), and protein synthesis from DNA (C), which takes place through the processes of transcription and translation, which follow DNA replication.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:
Which step happens first in DNA replication?
O
A. Base pairs are broken apart.
B. The DNA is checked for errors.
C. Protein is formed from the DNA.
D. The replication fork forms.
can bee wax repair the hive with the pure condition?
Answers
What methods are used in the biological approach?
Answers
The most often utilized research techniques in psychology are correlational, case, and experimental studies. Any field, including biological psychology, shares this.
What is the biological strategy's primary focus?The biological approach examines psychological problems by looking at the physical underpinnings of both animal and human behavior. It is one of the main views in psychology and includes research on the neurological system, immune system, and brain.
What is a case of a biological psychology approach?The fear reaction is an illustration of the biological approach to psychology. The fight, flight, or freeze response is the result of the fear response. What a person does in the presence of a stressor depends on their biological makeup.
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1 Understanding Risk a. What does this tell you about the burden of risk? b. What impact does this burden place on you and your family in your everyday life? c. is the doctor wrong to do this, or is it a necessary precaution? d. Is there some way to change this situation?
Answers
a. Understanding risk tells us about the burden of risk. It tells us that there is always a risk involved in every activity, whether it is our day-to-day life or our professional life.
We cannot avoid it completely, and we need to take necessary precautions to avoid the potential risks and make our lives safer. It's our responsibility to manage risk in a better way so that we can live a healthy and happy life.
b. The burden of risk can impact our family's life in many ways, as it creates stress, anxiety, and fear. It's essential to manage the risks effectively and take necessary precautions to minimize the impact of risk on our lives. In our everyday life, we can take simple steps like wearing a seatbelt, following traffic rules, taking proper care of our health, and following safety guidelines to avoid potential risks.
c. The doctor is not wrong to take necessary precautions as it's their responsibility to ensure that their patients are healthy and safe. It's a necessary precaution that every doctor should take to protect their patients from any potential harm.
d. Yes, there is a way to change this situation. We can take necessary precautions, manage risk better, and follow the safety guidelines to minimize the impact of risk on our lives. We can educate ourselves and our families about the potential risks and how to avoid them. We can also seek professional help and advice from doctors, risk management experts, and other professionals to manage risk effectively.
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structure and function
When cells of
join together, they form
obvious, cells
different, tissue
similar, tissue
Answers
Answer:
I think it may be b but the question is a little confusing
which best describes bacterium?
Answers
Answer:
Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are classified as prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms with a simple internal structure that lacks a nucleus, and contains DNA that either floats freely in a twisted, thread-like mass called the nucleoid, or in separate, circular pieces called plasmids. Hope this helps :))
Explanation:
Answer:
Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms with a simple internal structure that lacks a nucleus, and contains DNA that either floats freely in a twisted, thread-like mass called the nucleoid, or in separate, circular pieces called plasmids.
Explanation:
How is continental crust different from oceanic crust? question 5 options: continental crust is more dense and lighter. continental crust is thicker and more likely to sink. oceanic crust is thinner and more likely to sink. oceanic crust is thicker and more dense.
Answers
In comparison to oceanic crust, which is typically 5-10 km thick, continental crust is often 20–70 km thick. Oceanic crust is more recent and has a density of 3 g/cm3, whereas continental crust is older and less dense (2.7 g/cm3).
What distinguishes the oceanic crust from the continental crust?When compared to oceanic crust, which is basaltic (i.e., richer in iron and magnesium than granite) and has a density of around 2.9 to 3 grammes per cubic cm, continental crust is generally granitic and has a density of about 2.7 grammes per cubic cm.
Is crust from the oceans denser than crust from land?Dark-colored rocks known as basalt and gabbro make up the majority of the oceanic crust. It is lighter-colored rocks called andesite and granite that make up the continental crust, which is thinner and denser. Because of its low density, continental crust "floats" high above the viscous mantle, forming dry land.
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A dichotomous key uses
inferences.
DNA sequences.
subjective descriptions.
observable characteristics.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:,jkh,gf nvcbnhjm,uky7gti6drhfxcgnbhyjmu,iop'9u08[y7pt6of75rijmh
which of the following pairs regarding the central nervous system (cns) and peripheral nervous system (pns) is mismatched? a. cns - protected by bone b. cns - brain and spinal cord c. pns - motor and sensory neurons d. pns - no normal microbiota e. cns - brain and peripheral nerves
Answers
The central nervous system (CNS) is protected by the bones and is made up of brain and spinal cord. And, no normal microbiota is found in the CNS and the PNS. Thus, the correct options are C, and E.
What is CNS and PNS?The nervous system of humans is divided into two components: the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
The CNS and PNS does not have normal microbiota due to the presence of blood-brain barrier in the nervous system which does not allow the movement of substances across the nervous system.
Therefore, the correct option is c and e.
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