Name the reaction processes that lead to the two types of synthetic polymers.

Answers

Answer 1

The reaction processes that lead to the two types of synthetic polymers are chain reaction polymerization and step reaction Polymerization.

What is Polymerization Reaction?

The chemical reaction which involves the addition of monomers to form higher molecular mass molecules is known as polymerization. There are two basically two types of polymerization, one is chain-reaction (or addition) and the other is step-reaction (or condensation) polymerization.

Chain-reaction (addition) polymerization

One of the most common and important types of polymer reactions is chain-reaction (addition) polymerization. This type of polymerization involves three step process including two chemical entities. The first which is known simply as a monomer. It is initially exists as simple units. Normally in all cases, the monomers must have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Ethylene is one of the best known example of a monomer which is used to make a common polymer.

Step-reaction (condensation) polymerization

It is second type of polymerization. This polymerization method is used to produce polymers having lower molecular weight as compared to chain reactions and requires higher temperatures to occur.

Unlike chain reaction polymerization, this reactions include two different types of di-functional end groups or monomers which react with one another, forming a chain.

Step wise polymerization produces a small molecular by-product (water, HCl, etc.). The example is the formation of Nylon 66.

Thus, we concluded that the reaction processes that lead to the two types of synthetic polymers are chain reaction polymerization and step reaction Polymerization.

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Related Questions

8
in the respiratory system
a.
bronchodilatation
b.
inspiration and expiration
is most affected by rib damage
C.
humidification of the air
d.
movement of mucus from lungs

Answers

Answer:8

in the respiratory system

a.

Explanation:

How may using sorbents to clean an oil spill be helpful to the ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

Are sorbents good for the environment?

Natural Inorganic Sorbents

Second, sorbents that sink should not be used as they could be harmful to the environment. Sinking is a problem with many sorbents, such as untreated peat moss, most inorganic sorbents, and many wood products.

Its major result is to clean out some surface contaminants, which makes it simpler for oil to absorb. On the other hand, pyrolysis, a high-temperature thermal treatment, causes the sorbent to carbonise. In turn, this greatly improves the oil sorption capacity and oil to water selectivity.

What are the advantages of using sorbents?

When recovering adsorbent materials that cause secondary contamination, lighter, less viscous oil is lost through the pores more readily than heavier, more viscous oils. Application is simple because sorbents can be applied automatically or manually to spills using blowers or fans.

The best sorbents for recovering oil are typically synthetic ones. In some circumstances, a weight ratio of 40:1 for oil to sorbent can be reached, as opposed to 10:1 for organic compounds and only 2:1 for inorganic materials.

A substance used to absorb or adsorb liquids or gases is known as a sorbent. Examples comprise: a substance that works via adsorption and is comparable to molecular sieve material (attracting molecules to its surface). It has strong thermal conductivity and a big interior surface area.

Thus, On the other hand, pyrolysis, a high-temperature thermal treatment, causes the sorbent to carbonise.

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How do electrons behave?

Answers

An electron in motion generates an electromagnetic field and is in turn deflected by external electromagnetic fields. When an electron is accelerated, it can absorb or radiate energy in the form of photons. Electrons, together with atomic nuclei made up of protons and neutrons, make up the

11. How is the atomic emission spectrum of an element produced?

Answers

Answer:

Atomic emission spectra are produced when excited electrons return to the ground state. When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light.

Explanation:

When a chemical is transferred to a different container, the new container must be labeled with:____.

Answers

When a chemical is moved to another container, the new container needs to be labeled with any label, have an intuitive interface, and be straightforward to operate.

The chemical container's label All structures owned or occupied by the University of Washington, including laboratories, retail establishments, clinics, and other locations where employees handle, store, and transport chemicals, must have labeling that is both clear and consistent and complies with the Hazard Communication Standard. Downstream users of these compounds must abide by labeling specifications when they transfer chemicals to secondary containers, label chemical waste, label UW-synthesized chemicals, label peroxide-forming chemicals, and label Chemicals of Interest, as per Department of Homeland Security standards. Chemical producers must follow labeling specifications on the original container labels.

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does the conjugate base of an acid always carries a negative charge

Answers

The conjugate base of an acid does not always carry a negative charge. To understand this, let us first define the terms 'acid' and 'conjugate base'.An acid is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water.

An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) which releases H+ ions and chloride ions (Cl-) when dissolved in water. HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-.A conjugate base is the substance that is formed when an acid loses a proton (H+ ion). It can be formed from any acid, whether it is weak or strong. The conjugate base of an acid is the species that remains after an acid has donated a proton to another species. In the case of HCl, Cl- is the conjugate base, and it carries a negative charge because it has gained an electron and has a greater number of electrons than protons.Conversely, the conjugate base of a weak acid may not carry a negative charge. For example, the conjugate base of acetic acid (CH3COOH) is acetate ion (CH3COO-) which does not carry a negative charge. Acetate ion has a greater number of electrons than protons, but its net charge is zero. Thus, the conjugate base of an acid does not always carry a negative charge.

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The molar mass of Cu2CO3 is
a. 123.5 g/mol b. 155.0 g/mol
c. 187.0 g/mol
d. 211.0 g/mol

Answers

Answer:

a because it has a 2 and 3 in ot like it says in the question

It would probably be a

5. How would a water molecule get from the ocean to the clouds ?

Answers

water at the surface of the ocean can become water vapor and move into the atmosphere with little added energy from the sun through the process called evaporation. The water droplets that form are what we call clouds

Answer:

Over 96% of total global water is in the ocean, so let's start there. Energy from the sun causes water on the surface to evaporate into water vapor – a gas. This invisible vapor rises into the atmosphere, where the air is colder, and condenses into clouds.

Explanation:

stavrinidou, e. et al. direct measurement of ion mobility in a conducting polymer. adv. mater. 25, 4488–4493 (2013).

Answers

The given reference, "stavrinidou, e. et al. direct measurement of ion mobility in a conducting polymer. adv. mater. 25, 4488–4493 (2013)" is a citation for a scientific paper published in the journal Advanced Materials.

This paper, written by Stavrinidou et al. in 2013, focuses on the direct measurement of ion mobility in a conducting polymer.

Ion mobility refers to the ability of ions (charged particles) to move within a material. In the context of conducting polymers, ion mobility is an important property as it determines the material's ability to conduct electricity. Understanding and measuring ion mobility can provide insights into the electrical behavior of conducting polymers.

The paper by Stavrinidou et al. describes a method for directly measuring ion mobility in a conducting polymer. They likely conducted experiments using specialized equipment and techniques to determine the speed at which ions move within the material.

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pls help!! A 24.0 mL sample of HNO3 is neutralized by 32.1 mL of 0.150 M KOH. What is the molarity of HNO3? Report your answer with 3 significant figures.

Answers

Answer:

O.2006 M

Explanation:

M1V1 =M2V2

M1 = M2V2/V1 =0.150M*32.1 ml/24.0 ml = 0.2006 M

SOMEONE HELP ME PLEASE

Convert the answer above to Kelvin

SOMEONE HELP ME PLEASE Convert the answer above to Kelvin

Answers

Answer:

293°C

Explanation:

20°C+273=293°C

a copper, cu(s) , electrode is immersed in a solution that is 1.00 m in ammonia, nh3 , and 1.00 m in tetraamminecopper(ii), [cu(nh3)4]2 . if a standard hydrogen electrode is used as the cathode, the cell potential, ecell , is found to be 0.057 v at 298 k . part a based on the cell potential, what is the concentration of cu2 in this solution?

Answers

A copper electrode is immersed in the solution that is 1 M in the ammonia and 1.00 M  in tetrammine copper(ii).  the concentration of the Cu²⁺ in the solution is 3.3 × 10¹¹ M.

given that :

concentration of ammonia = 1 M

concentration of the tetramine copper = 1 M

cell potential = 0.057 V

temperature = 298 K

the reaction

at cathode :

Cu²⁺  +  2e⁻  ---->  Cu      E° cathode = 0.337 V

at anode :

2H⁺  +  2e⁻  --->  H₂          E° anode = 0.00 V

electrode potential =  E° cathode -    E° anode

                                 = 0.337 - 0.00

                                 = 0.0337 V

Nernst equation :

E cell =  E° cell - (0.0591 / n ) log Q

0.055 V = 0.337 V - ( o.0591 / 2 ) log Q

log Q = 0.282 / 0.029

Q = 2.95 × 10⁻¹⁰

concentration of Cu²⁺ =  1 / Q

                                     = 1 / 2.95 × 10⁻¹⁰

                                     = 3.3 × 10¹¹ M

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How many significant figures are in 0.57

Answers

Answer:

0.57

Sig Figs

2

Decimals

2

Scientific Notation

5.7 × 10-1

Words

zero point five seven

Explanation:

Answer:

2

Explanation:

suppose that you are about to take a bath.you do not realize that the water is extremely hot .you place one foot in what happens next.

Answers

Answer:

you feel the cold water, and by instinct, you pull your foot out and yelp in pain.

Explanation:

Answer:

you feel extreme pain and start to yell which leads to you falling down and ending up in a injuerd state

Explanation:

calculate the hydronium ion concentration in a solution of 0.365m of NaOH

Answers

2.74×10−14 im not sure

which is the correct formula for the compound formed between beryllium and nitrogen?

Answers

Answer:

Be3N2

Explanation:

u cross multiply with their subscripts

What makes field forces unique?

Answers

What makes field forces unique?

In physics, field forces occur when two objects interact without touching each other. Two examples of field forces would be the force of gravity and magnetism. So I would say what makes a field force unique is that two object interact without touching.

identify the δh and δs for the following physical change of br2. br2(g) → br2(g)

Answers

The enthalpy change (ΔH) for the physical change of Br2 from the gas phase to the gas phase (Br2(g) → Br2(g)) is zero. The entropy change (ΔS) for this physical change is also zero.

In a physical change, the chemical substance remains the same, and there is no breaking or forming of chemical bonds. In the case of Br2 going from the gas phase to the gas phase, there is no change in the chemical identity or composition of the substance.

The enthalpy change (ΔH) measures the heat energy transfer during a reaction or process. Since there is no change in the chemical bonds or composition of Br2 in this physical change, there is no transfer of heat energy, and thus ΔH is zero.

The entropy change (ΔS) quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. In this physical change, the arrangement and distribution of Br2 molecules remain unchanged, leading to no change in entropy. Therefore, ΔS is also zero.

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Explain why the sodium ions and chloride are attracted to each other.

Answers

Answer: The reason a bond is formed between chloride ions and sodium ions is because they have opposite charges. TRUE: the opposite charges attract them together, and this force of attraction is the ionic bond.

Explanation:

Given the unbalanced equation below, how many moles
of Li would be needed to produce 6 moles of LiCl?
Li + Cl2 → Lici

Answers

Answer: 6 mol Li

Explanation:

The first step is to balance the equation.

2Li+Cl₂⇒2LiCl

We would need our conversions to find the amount of moles of Li needed to produces 6 mol LiCl.

\(6molLiCl*\frac{2molLi}{2molLiCl} =6molLi\)

5) A gas is held at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). If the gas occupies 48.4L,how many moles are present?

Answers

ANSWER

The number of moles of the gas is 2.2 moles

EXPLANATION

Given thanks

The volume of the gas is 48.4L

To find the number of moles, follow the steps below

Recall, that 1 mole is equivalent to 22.4L/mol

Let x represents the number of moles of the gas

\(\begin{gathered} \text{ 1 mole }\rightarrow\text{ 22.4 L/mol} \\ \text{ x mole }\rightarrow\text{ 48.4L} \\ \text{ cross multiply} \\ \text{ 1 mole }\times\text{ 48.4L }=\text{ x mole }\times\text{ 22.4l/mol} \\ \text{ Isolate x} \\ \text{ x = }\frac{\text{ 1mole}\times48.4\cancel{L}}{22.4\frac{\cancel{L}}{mol}} \\ \text{ } \\ \text{ x = }\frac{\text{ 1 }\times\text{ 48.4}}{22.4} \\ \text{ x = 2.161 moles} \end{gathered}\)

Hence, the number of moles of the gas is 2.2moles

What is the pH at the half-equivalence point in the titration of a weak base with a strong acid? The pKb of the weak base is 7.95.

a. 7.95

b. 8.75

c. 6.05

d. 5.25

Answers

Titration is the process of determining the amount of a substance in a solution by measuring the volume of a solution with a known concentration that is required to react with it. The answer to the given question is option d) 5.25.

In the titration of a weak base with a strong acid, the pH at the half-equivalence point can be calculated as follows: At the half-equivalence point, we have equal moles of the weak base and the strong acid. As a result, we get a solution that contains the weak base, its conjugate acid, and water. In the solution, there is an equilibrium between the weak base and its conjugate acid. This equilibrium has an acid dissociation constant, Ka. It's given by:

Ka = [H+][A–]/[HA]

The pKa is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of Ka:

pKa = -log(Ka)

At the half-equivalence point, [HA] = [A–] and the expression for pKa becomes:

pKa = -log([H+])

Therefore, the pH at the half-equivalence point is:

pH = 1/2 (pKb + pKa)

Given that pKb = 7.95 for the weak base, we can calculate the pKa:

pKw = 14 (at 25°C)

pKw = pKa + pKb

14 = pKa + 7.95

pKa = 6.05

Therefore, the pH at the half-equivalence point is:

pH = 1/2 (7.95 + 6.05)

pH = 1/2 (14)

pH = 7

At the half-equivalence point, the pH of the solution is equal to 7. Therefore, option d) 5.25 is incorrect.

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Ocean water is a combination of salt and water. Which of the following best describes the composition of ocean water? It is an element, since water is found in all living things It is a suspension, since particles can be found in ocean water It is a compound, since it results from the combination of elements It is a solution, since it is made up of one substance dissolved in another

Answers

Answer:

The ocean is made up of salt water, which is a combination of fresh water, plus minerals collectively called "salts." These salts aren't just sodium and chloride (the elements that make up our table salt), but other minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, among others.

Explanation:The answer is since particles can be found in ocean water It is a compound, since it results from the combination of elements It is a solution

which of the following is saturated hydrocarbon?
1 alkyne
2 alkane
3 ethylene
4 alkene​

Answers

Answer:

2 alkane

Explanation:

Because it has a single bond therefore it is saturated

2 alkane
I always remember it is the second most abundant natural gas consistent widely used in many homes.

as the deapth of the ocean increases the population of ocean creatures.. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same

Answers

Answer:

b. decreases

Explanation:

As the depth of the ocean increases the population of ocean creatures decreases.

At special depths organisms must be better adapted to withstand the adverse and extreme conditions of this zone.

At depths oxygen dissolve in water is rarer. The pressure is very great due to the column of water aboveFor organisms to thrive in these zones, they must have special adaptability that would prevent them from being destroyed in this environment. Therefore, organisms are rarer in this zone.

Identify the effect of each error during a thin layer chromatography experiment.
1. The mobile phase used does not move any of the spots at all.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
2. Pen rather than pencil is used to draw the lines on the plate.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
3. The solvent line is not marked after the TLC plate is removed from the chamber.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate
4. The TLC plate remains in the chamber even after the solvent has reached the top of the plate.
a. There can be no separation of components
b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined
c. There will be smears on the TLC plate

Answers

1. The mobile phase used does not move any of the spots at all.

The answer is;

a. There can be no separation of components

2. Pen rather than a pencil is used to draw the lines on the plate.

c. There will be smears on the TLC plate

3. The solvent line is not marked after the TLC plate is removed from the chamber.

b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined

4. The TLC plate remains in the chamber even after the solvent has reached the top of the plate.

b. Accurate Rf values cannot be determined

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What property of a metal does the image represent

Answers

Answer:

malleable

Explanation:

The image represent in malleable property of metal.

Final answer:

The image possibly represents the photoelectric effect of a metal, which is when it emits electrons after being exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Metals are also characterized by physical properties such as conductivity, malleability, metallic luster, and metallic bonding.

Explanation:

Based on your question, the image possibly represents the photoelectric effect, a key property of metals. This phenomenon occurs when a metal surface exposed to electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency absorbs radiation and emits electrons. These emitted electrons are called photoelectrons. Metals can also exhibit free electron model behavior, where electrons freely roam within the metal structure.

Metals possess unique physical properties like conductivity, malleability, and metallic luster. Malleability refers to the metal's ability to deform without breaking, while conductivity refers to the metal's ability to transfer heat or electricity. A metallic luster gives metals their characteristic shiny appearance.

Finally, metals are also known for their metallic bonding—a unique force that holds together the atoms within a metallic solid. Metallic bonding gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties of metals.

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The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3. What is the mass of a solid piece of aluminum with a volume of 2.50 cm3?
Group of answer choices

0.556 g

6.75 g

4.20 g

1.08 g

Answers

Answer:

6.75 g

Explanation:

The mass of a substance when given the density and volume can be found by using the formula

mass = Density × volume

From the question we have

mass = 2.7 × 2.5

We have the final answer as

6.75 g

Hope this helps you

No one believed him b/c he had no

Answers

Evidence to prove he was right

What does a magnetic force from a magnet cause objects to do?

Answers

Answer:

they pull or push on objects without touching them

Explanation:

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