mycobacterium tuberculosis is taken up by lung macrophages but is not digested. what protects these bacteria in the macrophage so that they can survive and reproduce in the lungs?

Answer:

The correct answer is - the star is a medium-size star.

Explanation:

On the basis of the given information, we know that the color of the sun and the color of the observed or studied star by astronomer is similar and on the basis of this observation, he stated that the temperature and the size of the sun is also similar.

As we know the size of the sun is medium in comparison to other star and have less temperature to the other stars which means it is cooler than other star and has a medium size.

Answer:

The star is medium sized

Explanation:

Answer:

The other person is correct I did a test on plato and got it right. Shoutout to whoever it was that answered the question, I thank you!

Explanation:

The three types of muscle fibers are B) slow-twitch, intermediate-twitch, fast-twitch.

Slow-twitch fibers are also known as type I fibers. They are fatigue-resistant and have a high oxidative capacity. Slow-twitch fibers are used for activities that require endurance, such as long-distance running or swimming.

Intermediate-twitch fibers are also known as type IIa fibers. They are less fatigue-resistant than slow-twitch fibers, but they have a higher oxidative capacity than fast-twitch fibers. Intermediate-twitch fibers are used for activities that require both endurance and power, such as sprinting or jumping.

Fast-twitch fibers are also known as type IIb fibers. They are the least fatigue-resistant of the three types of muscle fibers, but they have a high glycolytic capacity. Fast-twitch fibers are used for activities that require short bursts of power, such as sprinting or weight lifting.

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There are many different job paths you might choose with this degree, but biology is a prerequisite for careers in the science and health sectors.

Relevant experience demonstrates your dedication to the field and helps you gain practical skills in a competitive employment market. It also gives you the chance to network with other professionals.

Profession experience might provide you a helpful understanding of the work if you're undecided of the area of biology you want to pursue.

You can qualify for a scholarship or bursary to help pay for your year-long industrial placement if your biology degree program includes one.

Therefore, There are many different job paths you might choose with this degree, but biology is a prerequisite for careers in the science and health sectors.

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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are the four basic phases of mitosis. Cytokinesis, the process of dividing the cell contents to create two new cells, begins in anaphase or telophase and occurs in this exact sequential order.

The cell cycle's mitotic phase lasts only a brief time. It alternates with the considerably longer interphase, during which the cell gets ready to divide. The three phases of interphase are G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2.

A cell prepares for cell division by replicating its chromosomes, segregating them, and creating two identical nuclei during the mitotic phase. The cell's contents are often evenly divided into two daughter cells with identical genomes after mitosis.

A cell copies each chromosome during mitosis and distributes one copy to each of its two daughter cells. With regard to our example of an instruction manual, it is crucial that each person receive a duplicate of each page.

Therefore, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are the four basic phases of mitosis. Cytokinesis, the process of dividing the cell contents to create two new cells, begins in anaphase or telophase and occurs in this exact sequential order.

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The immune cells use endocytosis to engulf the bacterium.

Endocytosis is a cellular process where the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs a particle or substance, forming a vesicle inside the cell. In the case of immune cells, such as macrophages or neutrophils, they use endocytosis to internalize pathogens like bacteria.

The cell membrane extends and surrounds the bacterium, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes, allowing the bacterium to be broken down and destroyed.

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Explanation:

Answer:

Tundra

Explanation:

Ocean is the most stable biome, provides the majority of earths food and oxygen.

Rainforest provide 20% of earths food production. Also stable.

Grasslands although the don't get much rain it doesn't compare to the harsh weather that Tundra's face.

Tundra's is a very fragile environment. The freezing cold temperatures makes it a very difficult environment to survive in the winter, and plants and animals have a hard time coping with any extra stresses and disturbances. Therefore making it the least stable out of the rest listed.

Answer:

A. Tundra

Explanation:

The less heat and less precipitation a biome receives, the less biodiversity it will have.

Stability is the ability of an ecosystem/biome to withstand sudden changes like natural disasters or diseases. Biodiversity (the number of different species) equals stability. This is because the more species an ecosystem/biome has, the better it will be able to recover from the loss of a species/population (because there will be other species to cover that species' role).

Now, looking at the answer choices, I think almost everyone knows that the rainforest is one of the most diverse biomes, so we can immediately eliminate it. (It checks off good temperatures and lots of rain!)

You might not know, but the ocean biome is also incredibly diverse. (Just think of all of those still undiscovered deep-sea creatures added to all the types of animals and plants you can think of in the ocean). The rainforest and ocean biome actually compete for the highest species richness.

Once we've gotten rid of C. and D., we're left with tundra and grassland. This is where you can go back and remember that higher temperatures and higher precipitation = diversity/stability.

Since the tundra biome is colder than the grassland biome, we can cross out B. too!

Apologies, this explanation turned out quite long. I hope it helps you understand the question better though!

Answer:

Explanation:

The characteristics of Mitosis are: During mitosis one cell divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells. It occurs only in somatic cells.

Answer:

Reproduction

Explanation:

When cells divide, they turn into two different cells. This is an example of asexual reproduction.

It is a biological process by which living things create offspring that are genetically identical to them. The continuation of many species on Earth is ensured via reproduction.

Reproduction ensures the species' survival and prevents it from going extinct. Due to the genetic recombinations it causes, it contributes to evolution. It contributes to the ecosystem's ability to support more species.

It is generally agreed upon that sexual reproduction is preferable to asexual reproduction. This is due to the fact that in asexual reproduction, a single parent produces an identical offspring by passing on its genetic makeup to the offspring.

As reproduction is not necessary to maintain life, it is not considered to be a living process. An individual organism can survive without reproduction even though reproduction is necessary to preserve an organism's lineage. A trait or quality that all living things share is reproduction.

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Complete question; Which advantage of reproduction does the graph show?Explain.

Migration and an aging population have had a significant impact on Australia and New Zealand's population patterns.

In both countries, immigration has been the main driver of population growth, with a high proportion of migrants coming from Asia and the Pacific. This has resulted in a more diverse population, with a significant increase in the number of people speaking languages other than English. Additionally, the aging population has put pressure on both countries' healthcare and social welfare systems. As people live longer, the demand for health and aged care services has increased, leading to significant challenges for policymakers. To address these challenges, both countries have implemented policies to encourage migration and to support an aging population, such as increasing the retirement age and investing in healthcare and social welfare programs.

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In drosophila,dna replication in bacteria versus drosophila that could explain this is Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication.

In comparison to unicellular creatures, multicellular organisms have far more stable settings where nutrients are less likely to be scarce. These cells' size, meanwhile, still has a significant impact on how they behave. Blood cells, for instance, must retain a tiny enough size to fit through capillaries, and neurons must travel long distances to transmit impulses down the lengths of limbs. Additionally, abnormal cell size is linked to disorders like Lhermitte-Duclos disease, in which larger cerebellar granule cells cause convulsions and ultimately result in death.

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The statement "In a microscopic field showing an artery and its corresponding vein, you can easily distinguish the two because veins have thinner walls and are irregular in shape" is true.

Here's a concise explanation:

1. Arteries and veins are two types of blood vessels that have distinct characteristics.
2. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3. Arteries have thicker walls due to their function of transporting blood under high pressure, as they need to withstand the pressure exerted by the pumping heart.
4. Veins have thinner walls, as they carry blood at a lower pressure, and they also have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
5. When observed under a microscope, you can distinguish an artery from a vein due to the artery's thicker, more uniform walls, and the vein's thinner walls and irregular shape.

These differences between arteries and veins allow them to fulfill their respective functions in the circulatory system effectively.

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A muscle fiber that receives a threshold stimulus will contract completely. This is because the threshold stimulus is the minimum amount of stimulation needed for a muscle fiber to produce an action potential and initiate a contraction.

Once the action potential is generated, it spreads throughout the muscle fiber and causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions then bind to the regulatory proteins on the thin filaments, allowing the myosin heads to bind to the actin filaments and generate force.
The other answer choices provided in the question do not accurately describe the response of a muscle fiber to a threshold stimulus. A muscle fiber will not contract partially or exhibit a graded response to a threshold stimulus. Additionally, while treppe (also known as the "staircase effect") is a phenomenon where the strength of a muscle contraction increases with repeated stimulation, it is not directly related to the response of a muscle fiber to a threshold stimulus.
Overall, when a muscle fiber receives a threshold stimulus, it will contract completely in response to the generation of an action potential.

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Specialized chemical synapses called neuromuscular junctions, also known as motor end plates, are created when the terminal branches of a motor neuron's axon make contact with a target

When activated by such an electric signals carried by axon, the neuron terminal is a specialized part of a neuron that is isolated from neuronal soma by such an axon that may be extremely long.

engine end plate,Each muscle fiber has one neuromuscular junction, which is normally found close to the middle of the fiber.As a result, its motor end plate will be situated close to the muscle fiber's middle.

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Answer:

1. evaporation

2. condesation

3. precipitation

4. infiltration

5. groundwater runoff

6. surface runoff

7. transpiration

8. solar radiation

Answer:

The sides of the backbone of DNA are made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. The inside of the DNA molecule, or the "steps" as you put it, consists of the bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These bases pair up with each other in specific ways: adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. This is what gives DNA its unique double-helical structure and allows it to store genetic information.

Answer:

The backbone of a DNA molecule consists of the phosphate groups and the deoxyribose sugars, whereas the base of the DNA molecule consists of nitrogenous bases, therefore, the backbone of DNA is made up of phosphate groups and pentose sugars. Adenine is a part of the base of the molecule.

The blue arrows denote the direction of the energy transfer from the turbine to the electrical generator. Based on the given diagram, the energy transfer between the blue arrows is a gain in energy.

Energy transfer refers to the conveyance of energy from one form to another, such as mechanical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, there is an increase in energy between the turbine and the electrical generator, which is highlighted in the blue arrows' direction.

The generator gains energy in the form of kinetic energy from the turning motion of the turbine. When the turbine turns the shaft of the generator, it causes electromagnetic fields to occur within the generator, which, in turn, generates electricity.

This energy transfer process is efficient as long as the system does not face friction or other forms of resistances. If the system does face such resistances, then there is a loss of energy and inefficiency in the energy transfer process, which can significantly affect the system's overall performance.

In conclusion, the energy transfer between the blue arrows is a gain in energy. The generator gains energy in the form of kinetic energy, which is converted into electrical energy. The efficient energy transfer process is vital for the system's optimum performance and operation.

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Answer:

The biome type that includes prairies and steppes is temperate grasslands.

Explanation:

Answer:

A) Water is transported up the stem from roots to leaves via the xylem.

B) Photosynthesis in the leaves requires water to be absorbed by the root

system.

E) Glucose produced in the leaves through photosynthesis is transported

throughout the plant via the phloem.

Explanation:

Trust me

Have a good day :)

The examples of plant processes that involve an interaction between stems, roots, and leaves is water is transported up the stem from roots to leaves via the xylem. Hence option A, B an E is correct.

Homeostasis is defined as any self-regulating mechanism by which biological systems have a tendency to keep their stability while responding to environmental factors that are best for survival. The preservation of essentially constant internal conditions is referred to as homeostasis.

The xylem carries water up the stem from the roots to the leaves. Water must be absorbed by the root system in order for photosynthesis to occur in the leaves. The phloem circulates glucose produced by photosynthesis in the leaves throughout the plant.

Thus, the examples of plant processes that involve an interaction between stems, roots, and leaves is water is transported up the stem from roots to leaves via the xylem. Hence option A, B an E is correct.

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The answer is: True

Answer:

One of the deadliest animals on earth is the rough skinned newt. It produces highly toxic skin toxins. In the 1970s, three hunters were found dead while camping in Western Oregon when they accidentally boiled a rough skinned newt in their coffee pot. Scientists discovered that they were becoming more toxic due to a common predator: the garter snake. As garter snakes were growing more immune to their toxins, rough skinned newts were growing more toxic in what is known as an “evolutionary arms race”.

Though the genes for the garter snake immunity are most likely polygenic, however, let us assume that the immunity is caused

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes have histones and introns. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins that are organized into structures that are responsible for regulating cell division and replication.

Eukaryotic and bacterial chromosomes differ in many ways, with eukaryotes having a number of unique features not present in bacteria. The main differences between eukaryotic and bacterial chromosomes are in their structure, size, and complexity.Eukaryotic chromosomes are typically larger and more complex than bacterial chromosomes. Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of chromatin fibers that are made up of histones, which act as spools for DNA, as well as non-histone proteins that help regulate DNA expression.

Bacterial chromosomes, on the other hand, are typically much simpler in structure and lack these histone proteins. Eukaryotic chromosomes also contain introns, which are non-coding regions of DNA that are spliced out of the RNA transcript during transcription. Bacterial chromosomes do not contain introns.Eukaryotes also have multiple linear chromosomes, while bacteria have only one circular chromosome. Additionally, eukaryotes undergo mitosis and meiosis for cell division, whereas bacteria undergo binary fission.

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Answer:

option b

Explanation:

Answer B.) is the correct answer.

The main answer for the statement, "_______ on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens" is that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens.

Phagocytes are specialized cells that protect the body against infections and eliminate pathogens that cause diseases. When phagocytes come in contact with bacterial pathogens, they detect the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of the bacteria. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes are specialized protein molecules that recognize and bind to the PAMPs present on the bacteria.TLRs are present on the surface of various cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

This process is called phagocytosis. Phagocytes engulf the bacteria into a phagosome, which fuses with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome. The bacteria are then destroyed by enzymes and reactive oxygen species present in the phagolysosome.TLRs play an essential role in the innate immune system, which is the body's first line of defense against infections. TLRs also stimulate the adaptive immune system, which is responsible for developing long-term immunity against pathogens.

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Answer:

A type of Chemical Bonding that includes electrostatic attraction between opposite ions.

Explanation:

Ionic bonds are the attraction of two opposite ions.

An ion is an atom that has a net electric charge.

If a chemical does not produce a zone of inhibition in the parameters of this experiment, it will not be a useful disinfectant in any situation. It is a true statement.

Because the zones of inhibition in the parameters are formed by any antibiotic or disinfectant, indicating its activity against the organism, a chemical will not be a beneficial antibiotic or disinfectant in any setting if it does not do so.

What is chemical parameters?

Ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol are two water-soluble chemical molecules with underappreciated germicidal properties that are referred to as "alcohol" in the healthcare environment. Alcohol is the primary active ingredient in no liquid chemical sterilant or high-level disinfectants that have been approved by the FDA. These alcohols are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, and viricidal but do not kill bacterial spores.

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Hi! I'm happy to help you with your question. The balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate is:
Glycerol + 2 NAD+ + Pi + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP + H2O + 2 NADH + H+

The non-glycolytic enzymes required for this conversion are:
1. Glycerol kinase: This enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to form glycerol 3-phosphate, using ATP as the phosphate donor.
2. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), generating NADH and H+ in the process.
3. Triose phosphate isomerase: This enzyme interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), allowing both molecules to enter the glycolytic pathway.
4. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: This enzyme converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, using NAD+ and Pi, and producing NADH and H+.
Please note that hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase and adipose triglyceride lipase are not directly involved in the conversion of glycerol to pyruvate.

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Hi! I'm happy to help you with your question. The balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate is:
Glycerol + 2 NAD+ + Pi + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP + H2O + 2 NADH + H+

The non-glycolytic enzymes required for this conversion are:
1. Glycerol kinase: This enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to form glycerol 3-phosphate, using ATP as the phosphate donor.
2. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), generating NADH and H+ in the process.
3. Triose phosphate isomerase: This enzyme interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), allowing both molecules to enter the glycolytic pathway.
4. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: This enzyme converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, using NAD+ and Pi, and producing NADH and H+.
Please note that hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase and adipose triglyceride lipase are not directly involved in the conversion of glycerol to pyruvate.

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Answer:

a) 1 & 5

Explanation:

For a pendulum bob, it is customary to call the lowest position the reference position or the zero level. So when the bob is at the equilibrium position

Answer:

smaller vaculoe and less cytoplasm

Explanation: