Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?
a. Reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
b. Producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria
c. Driving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis
d. The second and third answers are correct.
e. The first two choices are correct.
Answers
The correct option is (e) i.e. the first two choices are correct. Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for the processes listed.
The oxidation of biological fuels in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, during the process of cellular respiration results in considerable amounts of energy that are utilised to power the primary production of ATP. Eukaryotic mitochondrial cristae are the site of oxidative phosphorylation. It is made up of the electron transport chain, which generates a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the inner membrane's edge by oxidising the NADH produced by the Krebs cycle. When the chemiosmotic gradient drives the phosphorylation of ADP, the ATP synthase enzyme creates ATP. When the foreign oxygen receives the electrons, it reacts with two protons to form water. Numerous illnesses may have an impact on cellular respiration. Given how crucial cellular respiration is to bodily functions, many of these disorders have a significant negative effect on people. The most common conditions that affect glycolysis are pyruvate kinase insufficiency, erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency, and glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency.
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Related Questions
How did people in the North use natural resources differently than people in the South? (5 points) a They were more industrial, while Southerners were more agricultural. b They protected their natural resources better than the Southerners. c They used their own natural resources to run their factories and farms. d They were more agricultural, while Southerners were more industrial.
Answers
Answer:
i would choose A.
Explanation:
the north was definitly more industrial
hope this helps!
Thay protected their natural resources better than the sotherners
Type of star that is formed from a dense core left over from a supernova?
Answers
Answer:
Neutron Stars
Explanation:
Hope this helps! :)
Which of the following best describes the purpose of carbon in the quest for energy?
Answers
Answer:
its a
Explanation:
what are adjuncts in beer making?group of answer choiceshopsmixture of broken down starch and solubilized protein in wortcereals like corn and rice added used to cut down cost and add flavornone of these
Answers
Adjuncts in beer making refer to cereals like corn and rice that are added to the brewing process, used to cut down costs and add flavor. They are not part of the traditional malted barley base but contribute to the overall profile of the beer.
Adjuncts in beer making refer to the cereals like corn and rice that are added to the wort (mixture of broken-down starch and solubilized protein) during the brewing process. These adjuncts are used to cut down the cost of beer production and also add flavor to the final product. The choice of adjuncts used in beer making is determined by the brewer's preferences and the style of beer being produced. The starch in the adjuncts is broken down into fermentable sugars during the mashing process, which is then converted into alcohol during fermentation. Overall, the use of adjuncts in beer making is a common practice that allows for greater variety and cost efficiency in the brewing industry.
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In a newspaper editorial, a writer states that research on human embryonic stem cells is valuable and worthwhile. Which describes the most common argument against the writer's statement?A.In a scientific argument, some physicians argue that stem cells are not likely to be part of any beneficial application or medical treatment.B.In an economic argument, some experts argue that the benefits of stem cells are not worth the high cost of developing and implementing the research.C.In a scientific argument, some researchers argue that the goals of stem cell research would be easier to achieve by other means.D.In an ethical argument, some people argue that human embryonic cells should be protected.E.In a philosophical argument, some people argue that stem cell therapy would change the personality or identity of the person receiving it.
Answers
In my experience the answer would be:
"In an ethical argument, some people argue that human embryonic cells should be protected."
Because as with abortion, the general idea is that stem cells or embryos have life and must be protected. Therefore, there are many people against stem cell therapies. However, in the scientific community, stem cells are not considered conscious organisms.
the photosynthetic event known as the calvin cycle occurs in the __________.
Answers
The Calvin cycle generally occurs in the chloroplast.
The chloroplast, found only in algal and plant cells, is a cell organ that produces energy through photosynthesis.
Plants are known as producers as they are capable of producing the process of photosynthesis. During the photosynthetic process, plants utilize carbon dioxide, water in the presence of light, and the energy of the sun to produce organic compounds such as simple sugars.
The Calvin cycle is performed in the stomach of the chloroplast. The photosynthetic process involves certain specific pathways such as the Calvin cycle.
chloroplast are the organelles related to the process of photosynthesis and it contains the green chlorophyll pigment which traps the energy of sunlight and then converts it into energy and glucose. During the photosynthetic process, oxygen is released, and carbon dioxide is available in nature.
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In diffusion, when the concetration of molecules is equal or even, this is called what? equality equilibrium unequality paralibrium
Answers
Answer: paralibrium
Explanation:
which of the choices best describes the sequence of mutation events that led to mammals ending up with 4 different hox clusters from the first homeobox gene at the common ancestor with plants?
Answers
The sequence of mutation events that led to mammals ending up with 4 different hox clusters from the first homeobox gene at the common ancestor with plants can be described as follows:
1. Duplication: The first mutation event involved the duplication of the original homeobox gene, resulting in two copies of the gene in the genome.
2. Divergence: Over time, the duplicated copies of the gene accumulated mutations, causing them to diverge from each other in terms of their DNA sequence and function.
3. Additional duplications: Subsequent mutation events led to further duplications of the homeobox gene copies, resulting in multiple sets of duplicated genes.
4. Rearrangement: Through further mutations and genetic rearrangements, these duplicated genes eventually organized into distinct clusters, known as hox clusters.
5. Specialization: Each hox cluster acquired unique mutations and regulatory elements, leading to the development of different functions and specific roles in mammalian development.
It is important to note that the precise sequence of mutation events leading to the formation of 4 hox clusters in mammals is still an area of ongoing research and investigation.
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Which of these best explains why salivary amylase does not break down proteins?
Answers
racoons are opportunistic feeders and will eat just about anything they can find. they will catch and eat invertebrates such as beetles, but also eat different fruits and vegetables and other plant matter. Based on their feeding habits, they would be categorized as
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on their feeding habits, we will regard the raccoons as omnivores. Omnivores are organisms that possess the ability to feed and survive on both plant and animal matter.
These raccoons eat invertebrates etc which are animal matter and then different fruits and vegetables etc; plant matter.
Thus, they can be regardless as being an omnivore.
Four plants are growing in a garden. One reproduces via wind pollination, another reproduces asexually, the third relies on bird pollination, and the fourth pollinates itself. Which of these most likely has the most fragrant, brightest flowers? Why?
Answers
Plants that are pollinated by birds are likely to have the smelliest, brightest flowers. So, the correct option is C.
What is Bird pollination?Bird pollination is also known as ornithophily which is defined as the pollination of flowering plants by means of birds which is sometimes a co-evolutionary association derived from insect pollination and in some parts of the world grows especially in tropical regions.
Key characteristics of bird-pollinated flowers are as follows: large flower size, tubular or cup-shaped flowers, large amounts of nectar production, attractive brightly colored flowers, low or faintly scented flowers.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
In humans, three alleles affect blood type. The A and B alleles are codominant, and the O allele is recessive.
An AB blood type father has children with an A blood type mother (genotype AO).
What are the chances that their children will have AB type blood?
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
25%
(Choice B)
B
50%
(Choice C)
C
75%
(Choice D)
D
100%
Answers
Answer: I think the answer is 25%
Explanation: When you draw the punnet square you end up with 25% A blood type, 25% AB blood type, 25% Ao and 25% Bo
In humans, three alleles affect blood type. The A and B alleles are codominant, and the O allele is recessive. I think the answer is 25% as when you draw the punnet square you end up with 25% A blood type, 25% AB blood type, 25% Ao and 25% Bo.
What is ABO system in blood group?In humans, the blood group system is known as the ABO system where blood groups A and B are codominant and O blood group is recessive. The genotype of the A blood group could be AA or AO similarly for the B blood group genotype would be BB or BO, for the O blood group OO whereas for the AB blood group both A and B alleles should be present together.
Cross: AB blood type father with an A blood type mother (genotype AO)
Gametes: A, B and A, O
Punnett square:
A B
A AA AB
O AO BO
Here, there are 25% chances of AB blood group offspring 50% for the A blood group (AA and AO) and 25% B blood group (BO). I think the answer is 25% as when you draw the punnet square you end up with 25% A blood type, 25% AB blood type, 25% Ao and 25% Bo.
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Explain the role of arterioles in the skin when a person is very cold
Answers
Arterioles play a crucial role in the skin when a person is very cold. Arterioles are the tiny blood vessels that regulate blood flow from the arteries to the capillaries and finally to the veins. When a person is very cold, arterioles in the skin constrict, a process known as vasoconstriction, to prevent heat loss.
This constriction reduces the amount of blood that flows through the skin, reducing the skin's temperature. The skin also appears pale during vasoconstriction since less blood is flowing to the skin's surface. The constriction of arterioles helps to conserve heat and prevent heat loss from the skin.
Conversely, when a person's skin is warmed, the arterioles dilate, a process known as vasodilation, allowing more blood to flow through the skin, increasing the skin's temperature and causing the skin to appear red. The dilatation of arterioles helps to dissipate heat and regulate body temperature.
Thus, the regulation of blood flow through arterioles is crucial in regulating the body temperature and preventing heat loss.
In conclusion, arterioles in the skin play a vital role in regulating body temperature by constricting and dilating to control blood flow through the skin.
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david bowie, alice cooper, and kiss, all exemplified elements of which type of rock music?
Answers
Based on what we know about the artists mentioned in this question, we can confirm that each of these exemplified elements of the "Glam Rock" type of rock music.
Glam rock is a musical style of rock in which the artists would be very extravagant. They would dress up in costumes that completely shattered the social norm and drew great amounts of attention.
This would be coupled with makeup and often the use of accesories. This particular style of Rock gained great popularity and contributes to the legendary status of the artists mentioned.
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Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the ______ system.
Answers
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the lymphatic system.
Write notes on lymphatic system?The lymphatic system is a network of tissues, vessels, and organs that work together to transport lymph, a colorless, watery fluid, into our circulatory system. It is part of the immune system and works in tandem with the circulatory system. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and collecting ducts. It aids in the absorption of dietary lipids. Encourage proper lymphatic system function by incorporating the following healthy lifestyle tips: Consume plenty of water. Consume a diet rich in alkaline foods and vegetables, which provide a complete range of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. Incorporate healthy fats into your diet.
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TOPIC: CARBONS BONDS
I need a formula with 14 carbons, using single and double bonds
PLEASE, I WILL GIVD YOU CROWN
Answers
One possible formula with 14 carbons, using single and double bonds, is C7H10O3.
Start with a carbon backbone: C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.This gives you 14 carbon atoms connected in a straight chain.To introduce double bonds, we need to remove two hydrogen atoms and create double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. Let's choose the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms from the left.Remove two hydrogen atoms from the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms: C=C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.Now, we need to balance the number of hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom should have four bonds. Since we removed two hydrogen atoms, we need to add two double bonds.Introduce two double bonds between the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms and between the 6th and 7th carbon atoms: C=C-C=C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.To complete the formula, add hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom to satisfy the valency.
The final formula, with 14 carbons and using single and double bonds, is C7H8.
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what role do wind patterns have in determining climate
Answers
Answer:
Wind carries moisture into an atmosphere, as well as hot or cold air into a climate which affects weather patterns. Therefore, a change in wind results in a change of weather.
Explanation:
Brainlest is appricated
“Some viruses are programmed to reproduce by identifying bacteria, killing them, and assembling new viruses.viruses do not eat the bacteria and do not grow after they are made. Viruses are not alive. Explain two reasons why.”
Answers
1. Viruses cannot reproduce on their own: Unlike living organisms, viruses cannot reproduce on their own. They need to infect a host cell and hijack the host cell's machinery in order to replicate themselves. Once they have infected a host cell, they use the cell's energy and resources to create new copies of themselves. However, they do not have the ability to reproduce outside of a host cell.
2. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out metabolic processes: Living organisms carry out metabolic processes, such as respiration and digestion, in order to obtain energy and nutrients. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out these processes on their own. They rely entirely on the host cell to provide them with energy and nutrients. In fact, viruses do not even have the necessary machinery to carry out these processes. They lack the organelles, such as mitochondria, that are responsible for energy production in living cells.
Chlamydomonas and Paramoecium are:
(a) unicellular prokaryotic
(b) multicellular prokaryotic
(c) unicellular eukaryotic
(d) multicellular eukaryotic
Answers
Answer:
(c) unicellular eukaryotic
Explanation:
Firstly, all prokaryotic cells are unicellular, they cannot be multicellular, so be cannot be correct.
Both Chlamydomonas and Paramoecium are single-celled organisms, so must be unicellular prokaryotic (a) or unicellular eukaryotic (c).
Chlamydomonas and Paramoecium are eukaryotic. They have membrane-bound organelles like a nucleus and food vacuoles. They are examples of protists.
What are the products of light-dependent reactions? Why are they important in light-independent reactions?
Answers
The products of light-dependent reaction are ATP and NADPH. They are essentially required to fix carbon dioxide and make glucose in light-independent reactions.
Light-dependent reactions are those that use the direct sunlight energy to make usable forms of chemical energy i.e., ATP and NADPH. For this, a pigment called chlorophyll is essential that has the ability to the capture the sunlight.
Light-independent reactions are those that do not directly depend on the sunlight energy to complete their process. Instead they are dependent on the products of light reactions so that they can fix atmospheric carbon dioxide and make glucose for the plant. Calvin cycle is the main process of light-independent reaction.
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Answer: ATP is a product of light-dependent reactions. NADPH is a product of light-dependent reactions. ATP and NADPH are used in light-independent reactions to make glucose and other carbohydrates.
Bent little finger (B) is dominant over straight little finger (b). A student has bent little finger, but their Mom has straight little finger. Without even knowing the Dad's phenotype, what is the student's genotype? O a. BB Ob. Bb O c. bb O d. There is no way to be sure, because we don't know Dad's genotype. Value: 2 Widow's peak is dominant over lacking a widow's peak. Sophia has a widow's peak, just like both her parents. Are we sure she is PP? O a. Yes, she is PP because both parents have the dominant trait. O b. No, there is still a chance she could be Pp. That might occur if either parent was Pp. O c. No, she could be PP, Pp, or pp. All are possible depending on her parent's genotypes. Value: 2 Dark brown eyes (B) are dominant over light colored eyes (b). A student has blue eyes (light), but she is adopted. Do we know her genotype? O a. BB O b. bb O c. There is no way to be sure without knowing the genotype of at least one of her parents. O d. Bb
Answers
The student's genotype is either Bb or BB.
Based on the given information, we know that a bent little finger (B) is dominant over a straight little finger (b). The student has a bent little finger, indicating that they possess the dominant trait. However, since we do not know the genotype of the student's father, we cannot determine the exact genotype of the student.
If the student's mother has a straight little finger (bb), then the student must have inherited the bent little finger allele from their father. In this case, the student's genotype would be Bb, with one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele.
On the other hand, if the student's mother has a bent little finger (Bb or BB), the student could have inherited either a dominant allele from the mother (BB) or one copy of the dominant allele from the mother and one copy of the recessive allele from the father (Bb). Therefore, the student's genotype could be either BB or Bb.
In conclusion, without knowing the genotype of the student's father, we cannot determine the exact genotype of the student. However, based on the given information, the student's genotype is either Bb or BB.
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What is the definition of a protist?
Answers
Any member of the diverse eukaryotic, primarily unicellular group of microscopic organisms known as protists.
They might exhibit some morphological and physiological traits that are shared by both plants and animals.
Any multicellular bacterium that is not a fungus, animal, or plant is referred to as a protist. Protists do not belong to a natural clade or group, despite the likelihood that they have a common ancestor with other eukaryotes. As a result, some protists may share a closer relationship with plants, animals, or fungi than they do with other protists. However, the biological category protist is employed for practical reasons, much like the groups of algae, invertebrates, and protozoans. Others define a protist as any unicellular eukaryotic microorganism. Protistology is the study of protozoa.
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9. name two advantages and two disadvantages of mitochondrial dna analysis compared to nuclear dna analysis.\
Answers
Mitochondrial DNA analysis is a useful technique that has both advantages and disadvantages when compared to nuclear DNA analysis.
Advantages of mitochondrial DNA analysis:
1. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in multiple copies within a single cell, making it easier to obtain sufficient quantities of DNA for analysis.
2. Mitochondrial DNA analysis can be useful for identifying maternal lineages, which can be particularly useful in forensic and genealogical investigations.
Disadvantages of mitochondrial DNA analysis:
1. Mitochondrial DNA has a high mutation rate, which can make it difficult to accurately compare samples and determine relationships.
2. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally, it may not be useful in cases where the paternal line needs to be traced.
Advantages of nuclear DNA analysis:
1. Nuclear DNA analysis is highly accurate and can be used to identify individuals with a high degree of certainty.
2. Nuclear DNA analysis can be used to determine both maternal and paternal lineages.
Disadvantages of nuclear DNA analysis:
1. Nuclear DNA is present in only two copies per cell, which can make it difficult to obtain sufficient quantities of DNA for analysis.
2. Nuclear DNA analysis can be time-consuming and expensive compared to mitochondrial DNA analysis.
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frontiers in cell and developmental biology impact factor
Answers
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology is a journal that publishes research in the field of cell and developmental biology. The impact factor (IF) of a journal is a measure of the average number of citations received by articles published in that journal.
It is used as a metric to evaluate the relative importance of a journal within its field. According to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), the impact factor of Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology for the year 2020 is 4.838. This means that articles published in this journal in 2018 and 2019 received an average of 4.838 citations in 2020. The impact factor is an indicator of the journal's relative importance and impact, but it is not the only metric to consider when evaluating the quality of a journal or its articles.
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PLS help me. Needs to be ASAP!!!
Answers
The main function of the capsid is to allow a virus to affix to hosts.
What is the function of the capsid?The capsid is the protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid of a virus.
Three functions of the capsid are:
it protects the nucleic acid from digestion by enzymes,contains special receptors on its surface that allow the virus to attach to a host cell, andallows the virus nucleic acid to penetrate the host cell's membrane and, in some cases, to inject the infectious nucleic acid into the cell's cytoplasm.Learn more about the capsid at: https://brainly.com/question/3407239
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Complete question:
Capsid - The capsid is the protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid; Three functions:
1) it ----the nucleic acid from digestion by enzymes,
2) contains special ---- on its ----- that allow the virus to attach to a host cell, and
3) Allow virus nucleic acid, ----- the host cell's membrane and, in some cases, to ---- the infectious nucleic acid into the cell's cytoplasm.
Everything is back but not my work help please
Answers
Answer:
D.......................
Tabulate the methods employed in the modern agriculture techniques.
Answers
Answer:
Some major technologies that are most commonly being utilized by farms include harvest automation, autonomous tractors, seeding and weeding, and drones. Farm automation technology addresses major issues like a rising global population, farm labor shortages, and changing consumer preferences.
Explanation:
How is the opening and closing of stomata controlled? Besides water, describe two other factors that might influence a plant's regulation
of stomata opening and closing.
es 01)
Type your answer below:
Answers
Answer:
Stomata open or close depending on the urgency of the occlusive cells that form it. If they swell because they receive water from the adjacent cells, the stoma opens, as its cell walls buckle, with which gases enter or leave through the ostiole. If on the contrary, the adjacent cells absorb the water from the occlusives and these, ultimately, lose water, they become flaccid and the stoma closes, allowing neither the exit nor the entry of gases. Other factors that influence the regulation of stomatal opening and closing are the circadian rhythm (day / night) and the concentration of CO2.
Explanation:
A stoma is basically a pore that is used for gas exchange with the environment and the transpiration of the plant. It is surrounded by two cells, called occlusive or guard cells, these have chloroplasts and have a thickening on their adjacent surfaces. Stomatal movements depend on changes in the turgor pressure of the occlusive cells and adjacent epidermal cells. Stomata open when water diffuses through osmosis into the occlusive cells from the surrounding epidermal cells. As the turgor pressure increases in the stomatal cells, it induces them to swell and the stomata open. In contrast, when the turgor pressure decreases, the occlusive cells become flaccid and the thickened walls come together, closing the pore. Other factors that influence the regulation of stomatal opening and closing are the circadian rhythm (day / night) and the concentration of CO2. Guard cells regulate the opening of stomata by integrating different signals, both endogenous and exogenous (environmental).Stomatal opening occurs when the concentration of CO2 in the occlusive cell decreases as a result of photosynthesis, while it closes when this concentration increases, even in the presence of light. The plants implement a temporary regulation of the stomata to limit water losses during the CO2 absorption process, that is, the stomata are opened during the day and closed at night to prevent unnecessary water losses, since during this period, photosynthesis does not occur and there is no demand for CO2. With the first rays of sunlight, the plant again begins to photosynthesize, again the stomata open since the demand for CO2 is high. The stomatal opening favors the transpiration of the plant.
13. What are the two parts of a scientific name? *
Answers
Answer:
1. genus
2. species ............
What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
Answers
Plant cells have them, animal cells do not.
Lmk if you need more differences
Answer: Animal cells and plant cells have several key differences in their structure and organelles. Here are some of the main differences between animal and plant cells:
Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides support and protection. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures sunlight for energy production. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
Vacuoles: Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that occupies a significant portion of the cell's volume. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if any.
Shape: Plant cells often have a fixed shape due to the presence of the cell wall. Animal cells have a more flexible shape and can change their shape as needed.
Centrioles: Animal cells have centrioles, which are involved in cell division and the organization of the cytoskeleton. Plant cells lack centrioles.
Plasmodesmata: Plant cells have plasmodesmata, small channels that connect adjacent cells, allowing for communication and transport of materials. Animal cells do not have plasmodesmata.
Lysosomes: Animal cells contain lysosomes, which are organelles involved in the digestion of waste materials and cellular debris. Plant cells have fewer lysosomes or may lack them altogether.
Cilia and Flagella: Some animal cells have structures called cilia or flagella that are involved in cell movement. Plant cells generally lack cilia and flagella, although some exceptions exist.
It's important to note that while these differences highlight general characteristics, there can be variations in cell structures between different types of animal and plant cells.
Explanation: