Mammalian Diving Response Part 1: Observe the following data. What patterns do you see? Circle or draw arrows wherever you see patterns in the data​

Answer:

In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine. This means that during elongation, the presence of adenine in the DNA template strand tells RNA polymerase to attach a uracil in the corresponding area of the growing RNA strand.

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is letter A. Tank

Answer:

Osmosis involves movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane. ... On the other side; facilitated diffusion does not require water molecules for other molecules to transfer. A major difference can be noted that osmosis requires water molecules but facilitated diffusion does not require any water molecules.

Explanation:

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which of what? is there an attachment

In animal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the mitochondrion, (option D) it is where cell respiration takes place.

The ribosomes are the responsible of protein synthesis.

Lysosomes's main function is to degrade waste thanks to enzymes inside them.

The golgi body or apparatus helps to process proteins and lipids, for example by sending them to the organelle where they make their function.

Answer:

i need to know the abcd

Explanation:

which one is it????? i cant see the multiple answers

Answer:

Answer is on the pic

Explanation:

I hope it's helpful!

Explanation:

lol i need help on this one too

The food web has been an important part of the ecosystem involved in the flow of energy and matter. The producer makes the base of the food web. Thus, option C is correct.

The food web has been the interconnection and interlocking of the various food chains of the ecosystem within an ecological community that involves the interdependence of the organisms over each other for matter and energy.

It represents the feeding relations between the various groups of organisms. The producers always make the base of the food web and the food chain because they produce food through various processes like photosynthesis which acts as an energy source. They are autotrophs and include plants and some microorganisms.

Therefore, option C. producers are the base of the food web.

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The given statement is True. The hydropathy of an amino acid refers to its hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, which can affect the way it folds into a protein chain. Hydrophobic amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of a protein, while hydrophilic amino acids tend to be on the surface.

This clustering is important for the proper folding of the protein, as it helps to create the necessary structural elements and prevent the formation of incorrect or misfolded structures.

In a protein chain, the hydrophobic effect can help to drive the folding of the chain by creating hydrophobic cores within the protein. This helps to prevent the protein from unfolding and maintain its structure. Therefore, the hydropathy of an amino acid can help determine the folding of a protein chain, and this information can be used to predict the function of the protein and its potential interactions with other molecules.

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Answer:

The correct answer is - characteristics of all vertebrate animals.

Explanation:

Innate immunity is the first line of the immune system that comes with birth whereas adaptive or acquired immunity is the immunity that comes throughout life by experiencing or developing the immune system. Adaptive or acquired immunity is the immune response that comes through cell-mediated responses whereas innate immunity is the immune response that includes sweat glands and secretion from the skin. innate immune responses also include digesting and killing bacteria by the saliva, enzymes, lysozymes.

The only characteristic among these that present in both is that they both immune systems found in all vertebrates.

Answer: Contractile Vacuoles

GMOs are used to give plants and animals the desired traits for a specific purpose as plants grow faster.

In addition to tasting better, genetically modified crops have higher yields, a longer shelf life, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are longer lasting. Something I found interesting was how sometimes genes from one organism could be inserted into an entirely different one. The endless amounts of mixed results this can cause is fascinating. Another thing I found interesting was how GMO’s are used in around 90% of some of our everyday produce.

I do think there is a benefit to using GMOs because there is so much that they already do for us. Though there are risks, there are still ways to improve them. GMOs help our society, research, and food markets. I learned that GMO’s can be used to improve health, maturity, taste, and durability.

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Answer it is 25 percent

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is b

Explanation:

at the end of meiosis, each gamite has two full sets of chromosones

The energy of muscle contraction is derived from ATP (adenosine triphosphate), muscle glycogen, and creatine phosphate, but not from lactic acid. Option C is the correct answer.

During muscle contraction, ATP is the primary source of energy. It is hydrolyzed to release energy that powers the movement of the muscle fibers. Muscle glycogen, which is a stored form of glucose in muscle cells, can be broken down into glucose to produce ATP through the process of glycolysis. Creatine phosphate serves as a rapid source of energy transfer in the muscles and can be converted to ATP during high-intensity exercise.

However, lactic acid is not a direct source of energy for muscle contraction but rather a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism in the absence of sufficient oxygen.

Option C (lactic acid) is the correct answer.

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Answer:

Individual EPSPs are small, so initiating an action potential requires the summation of multiple excitatory inputs within a short time period.

Explanation:

Individual EPSPs are small, so initiating an action potential requires the summation of multiple excitatory inputs within a short time period.

Explanation:

There are some factors which affect the rate of diffusion. These are:-

The partial pressure of oxygen.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Temperature.

The concentration of gases.

The thickness of the membrane.

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Answer:

the thickness of membrane

The chemical symbol for the element sodium is referred to as Na.

This is referred to as the abbreviation which is used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and other types of chemical compounds.

They are derived or gotten from one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and is usually written with the first letter being in capital form. It is a very important aspect in the representation of elements in a chemical reaction or equation.

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11 and is an alkali metal, because it is in group 1 of the periodic table. The latin name is Natrium which is therefore the reason why Na which is the first two letters with the first in capital form is regarded as the chemical symbol.

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Answer:

the chemical symbol of the element sodium is Na

No, targeting flagellin, the primary structural component of bacterial flagella, does not pose a significant risk of attacking human cells.

The primary structural component of bacterial flagella, flagellin, is specific to bacteria and not found in human cells.

Therefore, a medication targeting flagellin would not pose a significant risk of attacking human cells.

The development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial components, such as flagellin, is a promising approach to combat bacterial infections.

These antibiotics aim to disrupt essential bacterial functions or structures without affecting human cells, minimizing the risk of toxicity or harmful side effects.

However, it is important to note that antibiotic development and testing are complex processes. While the primary target of the medication may be flagellin, thorough research and testing are necessary to ensure its safety and effectiveness.

The medication's selectivity and specificity for bacterial flagellin should be confirmed through preclinical and clinical trials to assess its efficacy against bacterial infections while minimizing potential off-target effects.

In summary, a medication targeting flagellin, the primary structural component of bacterial flagella, would not pose a significant risk of attacking human cells, as flagellin is specific to bacteria and absent in human cells.

Nonetheless, further research and testing are crucial to validate the medication's specificity, efficacy, and safety.

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The society has always been concerned about issues of health and disease. This led to ongoing efforts to raise living standards and preserve a healthy social environment.

As many theories about health, illnesses, and treatments proliferated, the practise of medicine was improved on a scientific basis. The introduction of biomedicine and the germ idea fundamentally altered how people viewed health and illness, and efforts in scientific research soon began to link each disease to a material cause. This provided a logical explanation for a particular category of disorders, but it also raised greater concerns about the origins of a number of other illnesses. There is general agreement that health and well-being include more than only the absence of disease, infirmity, defect, or death. This is true despite the introduction of more theories and notions. This calls for a comprehensive approach to medical care.

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Answer A.

Explanation: Viruses do not have cells.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

as water heats the particles move faster and expand the opposite for cold

If a scientist isolates genes for Hepatitus B antigens from a Hepatitus virus, then inserts them into a bacterial plasmid and replicates the bacteria in a fermenter, the product collected will be transgenic bacterial plasmids, inside the bacteria, in order to proove if the transgenic plasmid actually gives the bacteria resistance to the virus, it has to be grown in an infected medium.

The correct answer is option A.

Answer:

Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of hormones. This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus, and the growth of an egg, (which is required for pregnancy)

Explanation:

The top left, would be light energy from the sun, while the top of the circle would be living beings. Think about it just like plants that that gain energy from the sun through photosynthesis. Then the bottom of the circle would be nonliving beings, either decomposed plants or animals that bring nutrients to soil, or dead ones that we eat. This cycles through until the energy is rereleased through heat. Therefore the top right would be heat energy, every living thing on earth creates gradual amounts of heat. Imagine going for a run, you'll probably be hotter afterwards right? I know it's not the most scientific answer but its 100% right.

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Answer:

Scientists often look at mitochondrial DNA to determine these chronological relationships. Mitochondrial DNA mutates at a relatively predictable rate, often referred to as the "molecular clock". By comparing the amount of mutations between groups compared you can determine which groups have been around longer and therefore have acquired more mutations.

Explanation:

a) The 2x2 table for the study:

Tongue Cancer    No Tongue Cancer

Cigar Smokers         450                450

Non-Smokers           50                 550

b) Number of people who smoked cigars and did not have tongue cancer: 450.

c) Number of people who did not smoke cigars and did not have tongue cancer: 550.

d) The odds ratio is 11.

e) Interpretation: Cigar smokers are 11 times more likely to develop tongue cancer compared to non-smokers.

a) The 2x2 table for the study is as follows:

Tongue Cancer    No Tongue Cancer

Cigar Smokers         450                450

Non-Smokers           50                 550

b) The number of people who smoked cigars and did not have tongue cancer is 450.

c) The number of people who did not smoke cigars and did not have tongue cancer is 550.

d) To calculate the odds ratio, we use the formula: (ad)/(bc), where a is the number of cigar smokers with tongue cancer, b is the number of non-smokers with tongue cancer, c is the number of cigar smokers without tongue cancer, and d is the number of non-smokers without tongue cancer. In this case, the odds ratio is:

(450 * 550) / (50 * 450) = 550 / 50 = 11

e) The odds ratio of 11 indicates that individuals who smoke cigars are 11 times more likely to develop tongue cancer compared to those who do not smoke cigars. This suggests a strong association between cigar smoking and tongue cancer. It is important to note that the odds ratio only indicates the strength of association and does not establish causation. Other factors, such as lifestyle, genetics, and other smoking habits, may also contribute to the development of tongue cancer. Further research and analysis would be required to determine the causal relationship between cigar smoking and tongue cancer.

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The energetic cost of converting lactate back to glucose per molecule of glucose generated is 6 ATPs.

Lactate is produced by anaerobic respiration in muscles when oxygen demand exceeds supply, causing fatigue. The liver converts the lactate back to glucose, which muscles can utilize for further energy production. There are two main pathways that produce ATP in human cells: aerobic respiration (requiring oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (not requiring oxygen).

During anaerobic respiration, energy is obtained from glucose without the use of oxygen. As a result of anaerobic metabolism, red blood cells generate lactate. Red blood cells are the only mammalian cells that lack mitochondria and consequently depend solely on anaerobic metabolism for energy production. This reliance on anaerobic metabolism has significant consequences, with lactate being continually produced as a byproduct.

The liver is responsible for converting lactate back to glucose in a process known as gluconeogenesis. It is an ATP-intensive process that consumes 6 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose generated, according to research.

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