In a cross-section of a leaf we can identify structures like cuticle, epidermis, parenchima, vascular bundles, and stomata. Labels in the attached files. 1) photosynthesize. 2) to absorb as much sunlight as possible. 3) Spines, which are leaf modifications.
What is the leaf structure in a cross-section?In a leaf cross sections, we can identify,
Epidermis ⇒ It is the first cell layer located on the leaf surfaces. It is mono-seriated if it is composed of a single cell line. There is an upper and lower epidermis.Cuticle ⇒ It is a layer of a cerous material secreted by cells that protect the epidermis. It is located over this it.Parenchyma ⇒ cells located in the leaf interior with several chloroplasts. There are two main types of parenchyma,- Palisade parenchyma ⇒ are cylindrical cells with little spaces in between.
- lacunar parenchyma (also known as spongy parenchyma) ⇒ irregular cells with several spaces in-between.
Immerse in the parenchyma are the vascular bundles composed of the xylem and phloem. In each bundle, the xylem faces the upper part of the leaf, while the phloem faces the lower part of the organ.Stomata are small pores on the leaf's surface that regulate gas interchange and transpiration. Their opening is regulated by two guard cells that are surrounding them.Labels in the attached files
1) Primary function of the leaf ⇒ to photosynthesize
2) Leaves are usually large and flattened to absorb as much sunlight as possible
3) Variations among leaves are spines for instance, which are leaf modifications.
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crispr is a(n) ... a. inactive viral rna. b. bacterial gene. c. bacterial enzyme. d. bacterial immune system. e. cascade protein.
CRISPR is a bacterial immune system.
The immune system protects your toddler's frame from outside invaders. those consist of germs including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pollutants (chemicals made by means of microbes). The immune machine is made up of various organs, cells, and proteins that work together.
People have three styles of immunity — innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate immunity: everybody is born with innate (or herbal) immunity, a type of preferred protection. For instance, the pores and skin act as a barrier to block germs from coming into the frame.
Infections like the flu virus, mono (mononucleosis), and measles can weaken the immune device for a quick time. Your immune system also can be weakened through smoking, alcohol, and negative nutrients.
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I need help asap please help me ,
If you do not know it please don’t answer I need this answered ASAP this is moment of life and death
Answer:
Leaves bunched on stem- Single Leaf on stem
Explanation:
Its the only one that does not distingish them
kallman syndrome is a disease in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons fail to migrate from the olfactory area to the hypothalamus during embryonic development. which endocrine axis is disrupted in individuals with kallman syndrome?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is released by the hypothalamus, thyroid stimulating hormone is released by the pituitary, and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are released by the thyroid gland. Individuals with Kallman Syndrome will have a disruption in this endocrine axis.
Kallmann Syndrome is characterized by delayed or absent puberty as well as a poor sense of smell. This condition is a type of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is caused by a lack of product of certain hormones that regulate sexual development. These hormones are typically produced in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. Males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism constantly have a undescended testes( cryptorchidism). Most affected individualities don't develop secondary coitus characteristics during puberty, similar as facial hair growth and voice heightening in males, the launch of yearly ages( period) and bone development in ladies, and a growth spurt in both relations.
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11
Select the correct answer.
Which part of an atom has most of its mass?
A.
electrons
B.
neutrons
Oc.
nucleus
OD.
protons
Reset
Answer:
C NUCLEUS
Most of an atom's mass is in the nucleus—a small, dense area at the center of every atom, composed of nucleons. Nucleons include protons and neutrons. All the positive charge of an atom is contained in the nucleus, and originates from the protons.
which would provide the body with the most energy A. carrying oxygen from the lungs B.creating bonds to make simple sugar C. Breaking the bonds in a disaccharide
D.Breaking a single carbon bond
Why do human practices depend upon and benefit from water?
Why is water important to our planet?
Answer:
Water us important to out planet because almost every animal and plant needs water to survive.
Explanation:
Water has been the most crucial molecule that supports life on earth. It is a most important solvent that makes up the majority of living organisms and is involved in cellular activities.
What is the importance of water?Water has been defined as the most crucial molecule that supports and benefits the living organism. They are the abiotic factors that all the biotic factors depend on for their growth and development.
All the activities involved with survival have been dependent on water to sustain all the living functions and reactions. It is important for the planet as it is involved in all spheres and biogeochemical cycles. It is the elixir that carries life forward.
Therefore, water is the most important for humans, other organisms, and the planet.
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predation is the consumption of one living organism , plant ,or animal by other . ispredation harmful or beneficial?Why?
A. It is harmful. Predation regulates population growth and does not promote natural selection .
B. It is beneficial. When preys are removed or reduced, the prey population increases and they crowed out.
C. It is harmful. When predators are removed or reduced, 0the prey population increases and they crowed out.
D. It is beneficial. Predation regulates population growth and promotes natural selection by weeding the unit from a population.
D) Predation is beneficial for ecosystems because it regulates population growth and promotes natural selection.
Through predation, predators help maintain the balance of prey populations, preventing overcrowding and overconsumption of resources. This balance allows various species to coexist within an ecosystem, promoting biodiversity.
Furthermore, predation contributes to natural selection by targeting weaker or less fit individuals within a population. This selective pressure encourages the development of beneficial traits and adaptations that increase the survival and reproductive success of prey species.
Over time, this process leads to the evolution of species better adapted to their environment, fostering overall ecosystem resilience.
In conclusion, predation plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy ecosystems by regulating population growth and driving natural selection. This beneficial interaction helps preserve biodiversity and promote the continued evolution of species within their environment.
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CRITICAL THINKING
3. Compare and Contrast How is self-pollination similar to cross-pollination? How is it
different?
The similarity between self-pollination and cross-pollination is both of them are essential processes in se-xual reproduction of plants.
Self-pollinationSelf-pollination is the process whereby the pollen grains from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant.
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
Similarities between self-pollination and cross-pollinationThe similarity between self-pollination and cross-pollination is that both of them are essential processes in se-xual reproduction of plants. In both processes, pollens transfer from anthers to the stigma of flowers.
Differences between self-pollination and cross-pollinationSelf pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower while cross-pollination is the transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different flower
In self-pollination, it occurs in the flowers which are genetically identical while in cross-pollination, It occurs between flowers which are genetically different.
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DNA contains thymine where RNA contains uracil. What are some of the evolutionary advantages for DNA having thymine rather than uracil? Please select all that apply Thymine base pairs using the hydrogen bonds Cytosine can be readily converted in nswer Uracil is recognized by DNA repair systems Thymine is more limited in its base-pairing than uracil
The evolutionary advantages of DNA having thymine instead of uracil include:
Thymine base pairs using hydrogen bonds: Thymine forms stable hydrogen bonds specifically with adenine, ensuring accurate base pairing during DNA replication and transcription, which helps maintain the integrity and fidelity of genetic information.
Cytosine can be readily converted into uracil: This conversion allows for efficient DNA repair mechanisms to detect and correct potential errors in DNA, enhancing the accuracy of genetic replication and minimizing mutations.
Uracil is recognized by DNA repair systems: By having thymine instead of uracil, DNA repair systems can distinguish between normal bases and potentially harmful uracil, enabling the identification and removal of uracil residues to maintain genomic stability.
Thymine is more limited in its base-pairing than uracil: The restricted base-pairing ability of thymine reduces the likelihood of mispairing during DNA replication and transcription, contributing to the accuracy and fidelity of genetic information transfer.
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Complete Question:
What are some of the evolutionary advantages for DNA having thymine rather than uracil? Select all that apply.
Thymine base pairs using hydrogen bonds.Cytosine can be readily converted into uracil.Uracil is recognized by DNA repair systems.Thymine is more limited in its base-pairing than uracil.Interaction with the Environment
Answer:
Human environment interaction is the way people adapt and modify the environment. There are 3 types of human environment interaction The way people depend on the environment for food, water, timber, natural gas etc. The way people modify the environment positively or negatively like drilling holes, building dams.
Explanation:
Which of the following would you expect to see in Polypodium (a leptosporangiate fern)?
Choose all that apply.
A. A megaphyll
B. A strobilus
C. Tracheids
D. An independent sporophyte
E. An independent gametophyte
In Polypodium you would expect to see A. A megaphyll ,C. Tracheid's ,D. An independent sporophyte and E. An independent gametophyte.
Polypodium is very big genus of about hundreds of resistant ferns .These are named as they appear like a foot structure of the rhizomes also Polypodium means many feet they are short and deciduous.
They are evergreen fern with attractive, thick textured, lance-shaped, bright green leaves, leaf's are deeply cut through Centre ribs. Spores in these ferns are lined in the backs of the fronds present in rows of rusty orange clumps .They have independent saprophytic and gametophytic life cycle .
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1.scientist solve problem in an organised way called ________
2.amoeba move or feed with ________
3.nucleus was first discovered by ________
4. creation of the something new called _______
5. longest cell is________
Answer:
1. Scientific method
2. pseudopods
3. In 1909, Ernest Rutherford’s
4. innovation
5. nerve cell
Chromatids are distributed to the 2 daughter nuclei Group of answer choices
M
G2
S
G1
Answer:
M
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another. Mitosis encompasses two stages namely: Interphase and Mitotic phase. The interphase which further consists of G1, S, and G2 phases, is a preparatory phase for the cell to grow and replicate its DNA.
However, the separation of the sister chromatids (replicated chromosomes) into two daughter nuclei occurs in the Mitotic or M phase. Note that the M phase comprises of stages that includes: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Answer:
M phase
Explanation:
Which example illustrates a property that emerges at the community level?
Metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells bureaucracy a biofilm that permits bacterial colonies to move vitamins and wastes.
The organic degrees of enterprise of residing matters organized from the best to maximum complicated are: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere. The most important degrees of enterprise withinside the body, from the best to the maximum complicated are: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism. The 4 emergent houses of water that con- tribute to Earth's suitability as an surroundings for life: cohesive behavior, cap potential to slight temperature, enlargement upon freezing, and flexibility as a solvent. Water molecules live near every different due to hydrogen bonding.
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Label the following organelles.
In cellular respiration, how many atps are produced by the electron transport chain alone (not counting chemiosmosis)?
The electron transport chain in cellular respiration produces a total of 10 ATP molecules.
The electron transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. It involves a series of electron carriers that pass electrons down the chain, creating a proton gradient across the membrane.
This proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis, a process in which the ATP synthase enzyme uses the flow of protons to generate ATP.
However, the question specifically asks for the ATP produced by the electron transport chain alone, not counting chemiosmosis. During the electron transport chain, three proton pumps (complexes I, III, and IV) actively pump protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.
This gradient is used to transport electrons and ultimately generate ATP in chemiosmosis. Each proton pump contributes to the production of about 3 ATP molecules. Therefore, without considering chemiosmosis, the electron transport chain itself produces a total of 3 ATP molecules per proton pump, which is a total of 3 × 3 = 9 ATP molecules.
Additionally, a direct ATP synthesis occurs during the electron transport chain, producing 1 ATP molecule by complex V (ATP synthase). So, the electron transport chain alone produces a total of 10 ATP molecules in cellular respiration.
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when stimulated by an antigen presenting cell, t cells are stimulated to become t helper type 1 or t helper type 2 cells. what determines which they become?
A naive helper T cell can develop into either a TH1 or TH2 effector helper cell when an antigen-presenting cell activates it in a peripheral lymphoid tissue. The cytokines that these two types of functionally separate effector helper T cells release allow for easy differentiation.
The two types of T cells perform indistinctly due to their various cytokine patterns. B-cell antibody production, especially IgE responses, is generally well supported by TH2 cells. The opposite is true; TH1 cells cause delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
A helper T cell can assist in the activation of other cells once it has been transformed into an effector cell by an antigen-presenting cell. It accomplishes this by both exhibiting costimulatory proteins on its surface and secreting a range of cytokines.
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Which Of The Following Is Correct? FIGURE. a. simple columnar b. simple cuboidal c. simple squamos d. transitional
Simple cuboidal cells are made up of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with a large central nucleus. They are found in the lining of organs such as the kidney tubules and airways.
Option B. Simple cuboidalThe Role of Simple Cuboidal Cells in Organ ProtectionThese cells have important functions such as secreting substances, absorbing substances, and providing a barrier to protect organs. They are found in the lining of organs such as the kidney tubules, airways, ovaries, and the thyroid gland. Simple cuboidal cells possess a specific structure that allows for efficient absorption, secretion, and protection of the internal organs and tissues. This type of cell is also found in the skin, where it helps to create a protective barrier against external factors.
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Why does a solid change to liquid when heat is added?
A. The spacing between particles decreases.
Particles lose energy.
B.
C. The spacing between particles increases.
D. The temperature decreases.
Rese
Answer:
C. The spacing between particle increases.
Explanation:
The particles are given more energy and begin to vibrate faster when a solid is heated. As the atoms vibrate faster, spacing in between particle increases.
OA. Pill bugs, crickets, and grass
OB. Flies, crickets, and marigolds
C. Grass, pill bugs, and marigolds
D. Pill bugs, crickets, and flies
An isopod, often known as a terrestrial crustacean, is a type of non-insect arthropod and is the scientific name for the pillbug, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille).
What other names are given to pill bugs?When I was a child, I named them pill bugs, while other people called them potato bugs. They may also go by the names tomato bugs, sow bugs, wood bugs, armadillo bugs, doodle bugs, roly-polies, carpenters, or boat builders in the United States and Canada.
Do pill bugs pose a threat?There are no known risks that pill bugs bring to people. They don't spread disease or taint food. Due to its propensity to roll into a ball when disturbed, it is frequently referred to as a roly-poly.
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There are a number of key enzymes that function in the replication of DNA. Using your book and other resources, identify what these key enzymes do.
DNA Polymerase (identify two jobs):
Helicase:
Primase:
Ligase:
Answer:
One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the enzyme DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.
Explanation:
for each trait, how many alleles do the gametes carry?
For each trait, the gametes carry one allele.
During meiosis, chromosome pаirs аre split аpаrt аnd distributed into cells cаlled gаmetes. Eаch gаmete contаins а single copy of every chromosome, аnd eаch chromosome contаins one аllele for every gene. Therefore, eаch аllele for а given gene is pаckаged into а sepаrаte gаmete. For exаmple, а fly with the genotype Bb will produce two types of gаmetes: B аnd b. In compаrison, а fly with the genotype BB will only produce B gаmetes, аnd а fly with the genotype bb will only produce b gаmetes.
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Bacterial smears are fixed before staining to a)make the cells visible b)accept stain: c)make their walls permeable. d)affix the cells to the slide:
Before staining, bacterial smears are "heat fixed" on microscope slides to adhere the cells to the slide and prevent them from washing off during the staining process. Fixation is the next phase, and it's often carried out using a Bunsen burner's flame. Consequently, the right response is (b).
One must first make the bacterial smears on the slide before staining the bacterial specimen for microscopy. Transferring a liquid solution of the bacteria onto the slide, drying the smear, and finally slightly heating the smear to securely bind it to the slide are the three main phases in this process.The preparation of a smear is the first step in the majority of bacterial staining processes. Cells from a culture are applied in a thin layer to a tiny region of a microscope slide, dried, and then fixed to the slide using heat or other chemical fixatives. This procedure is known as a smear preparation.
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My stummy hurts T_T wut do i do.
For an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the initial velocity was determined at two different concentrations of the substrate. Which of the following would be closest to the value of Km?
[S] (mM) Vo(mM/min)
1.0 2.0
4.0 2.8
A. 2.7 mM
B. 5.7 mM
C. 0.17 mM
D. 0.60 mM
C. 0.17 mM, D. 0.60 mM, and 5.7 mM. The initial velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction was calculated at two distinct substrate concentrations.
What is the initial velocity for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?The product of the concentration of the enzyme and its substrate and the catalytic rate constant is known as the instantaneous velocity, or catalytic rate. The initial velocity of a reaction is the amount of product produced in a given amount of time at the start of the reaction. This characteristic is necessary for all enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Is the enzyme's Km value equal to the concentration of the substrate?Practically speaking, Km is the substrate concentration that enables the enzyme to reach half of Vmax. Since a high Km enzyme has a low substrate affinity, it needs a greater concentration of substrate to achieve Vmax.
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carefully analyze your results to determine the relative sizes of molecules that did or did not diffuse across the dialysis membrane
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!
How do the organs in the endocrine system work together?
A. Organs produce hormones that change a child's body into an adult.
B. Organs filter toxins from blood and urine.
C. Organs transport oxygen to different parts of the organism.
D. Organs transmit electrical signals throughout the organism's body.
Answer: The answer is A, organs produce hormones that change a child's body into an adult.
Explanation: The endocrine system is responsible for regulating a range of bodily functions through the release of hormones.
Hormones are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system, traveling through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues in the body. The hormones then tell these organs and tissues what to do or how to function.
Why can't Nemo live in a fish tank filled with goldfish
Answer:
Memo's cells are hypertonic to the freshwater, so water would move into his cells and cause them to burst.
Explanation:
Memo's cells are hypertonic to freshwater, water would enter and rupture them.
What is meant by Hypertonic?Hypertonic fluids have a higher solute concentration than plasma and interstitial fluid. As a result, an osmotic gradient forms, forcing fluid from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. Hypertonic saline is a crystalloid intravenous fluid made of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in water that has a higher sodium content than normal blood serum. When compared to equivalent amounts of normal saline or other isotonic fluids, this increase in intravascular volume results in increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). Hypotonic fluid contains less fluid, sugars, and salt than blood.To learn more about hypertonic refer to:
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oh no
1
Describe the process
occurring in the picture on
the right.
2
Does it require energy?
3. Describe the process
occurring in the picture on the
right.
4. Does it require energy?
Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying compound found in human blood. It is found to contain 0.3335% iron by mass. It is already known that one molecule of hemoglobin contains four atoms of iron. What is the molecular mass of hemoglobin in g/mol
Answer:
66986.51 g/mol
Explanation:
According to this question, Hemoglobin- an oxygen carrying compound in the blood, is found to contain 0.3335% iron (Fe) by mass.
* One molecule of hemoglobin contains four atoms of iron
If 1 atom of Fe = 55.85g/mol
Then 4 atoms = 4 × 55.85 = 223.4g/mol
So there are 223.4g/mol of Fe in one molecule of hemoglobin
If hemoglobin contains 0.3335% iron by mass, this mathematically means that:
223.4g/mol of Fe ÷ molar mass of hemoglobin = 0.3335%
That is;
223.4/M.M = 0.3335/100
Cross multiply
0.3335 M.M = 22340
M.M = 22340 ÷ 0.3335
M.M = 66986.51
Hence, the molar mass of hemoglobin is 66986.51g/mol.