The diagram given here shows the enzyme substrate reaction where, a is the substrate, b is the active site of enzyme, c is the enzyme and d is the product.
What is enzyme- substrate theory?By accelerating the rate of a chemical reaction, an enzyme is a globular protein that functions as a biological catalyst.Enzymes can be reused because the reactions they catalyze do not alter or consume them.Enzymes often have names that end in "-ase" and are named after the molecules they react with (referred to as the substrate).The enzyme lipase, for instance, breaks down lipids.The portion of the enzyme's surface that interacts with the substrate molecule is known as the active site.The form and chemical features of the substrate and active site complement one another.Therefore, only a particular substrate can bind to the active site of a given enzyme.For more information on enzymes- substrate theory kindly visit to
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which statement about life on earth is true?
a. dinosaurs appeared before insects.
b. dinosaurs and insects appeared at the same time.
c. humans have been on earth for hundreds of millions of years.
d. humans have been on earth for a very short sling of time.
Answer:
c.hu!and have been on Earth for hundreds of years
Explanation:
just feels right
Which of the following terms or structures is properly associated only with animals?A) Hox genesB) cell wallC) autotrophyD) sexual reproductionE) chitin
The term/structure that is properly associated only with animals is sexual reproduction.Animals are the only eukaryotes that reproduce sexually.
Sexual reproduction includes the exchange of genetic material, which happens through a process called meiosis. Meiosis produces haploid cells (gametes), which fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote. These characteristics are unique to animals, as they are absent in fungi, plants, and bacteria. Chitin is a structure commonly found in fungi and arthropods, such as insects.
The cell wall is present in plants, fungi, and bacteria, but is absent in animals. Autotrophy is a term used to describe organisms that produce their own food, such as plants and some bacteria. Hox genes are present in all animals as they play a critical role in determining body structure and embryonic development. Thus, the term/structure that is properly associated only with animals is sexual reproduction.
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2. why is returning by-catch to the sea not always useful as it might appear?
Returning by-catch to the sea is not always useful as the sudden change in pressure will result in damage to internal organs of fishes.
What is by-catch?By-catch refers to other sea animals which are caught along with the intended catch in a fishing expedition.
In some instances some people tend to return by-catch to the sea.
However, this is not always useful as the pressure above sea level or on the sea surface is less than that in the depths of the sea.
A sudden change in pressure will result in damage to internal organs of fishes.
Therefore, returning by-catch to the sea not always useful as it might appear.
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damage in systemic lupus erythematosus results from the formation of antigen/antibody complexes medicated by
How many independent variables should you test at a time?
A two
B one
C as many as you want
D three
Answer:
b - one
Explanation:
testing only 1 independent variable at a time ensures that one factor causes a change in your dependent variable
testing more than 1 makes it unclear which independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable
a boy who has not yet passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary lobe such that follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) is no longer released, but luteinizing hormone (lh) release is normal. after the individual grows to maturity, one would expect that he would
The individual would be infertile in case he sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary lobe such that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is no longer released, but luteinizing hormone (LH) release is normal and grows to maturity.
Hormones are chemical messengers that transfer signals from one cell to another in the body. Hormones are created by a group of glands, known as the endocrine glands. These glands release hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them to reach different areas of the body.
There are two types of hormones: Steroid hormones and Peptide hormones. Steroid hormones are formed from cholesterol, which is a type of fat. In contrast, peptide hormones are chains of amino acids that have been bonded together. The pituitary gland is a gland that is pea-sized and is situated beneath the brain, behind the nasal passages. It is referred to as the "master gland" of the human body.
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The injury to the anterior pituitary lobe, resulting in the lack of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) release but normal Luteinizing Hormone (LH) release, would likely result in the individual having difficulty producing sperm when they reach maturity.
After the individual grows to maturity, one would expect that he would become sterile. This is because FSH is necessary for the production of sperm, and without it, the individual will not be able to reproduce.
FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and stimulates spermatogenesis in males, whereas LH stimulates ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone secretion in males. An injury to the anterior pituitary gland that inhibits the release of FSH but not LH would have an impact on reproductive function. Because FSH is essential for the maturation of the ovarian follicles, inhibiting its release would disrupt the normal menstrual cycle in females and spermatogenesis in males. The gonads may continue to secrete hormones, but they would not be functional in reproductive processes.
Thus, after the individual grows to maturity, one would expect that he would become sterile.
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Diagnostic nasal endoscopy includes inspection of the entire nasal cavity and the associated structures.a. Trueb. False
The answer is a. true
The doctor puts an endoscope—a small, flexible tube with a light and camera—into your nose during a nasal endoscopy. They can clearly see inside of your nose and sinuses as a result. A variety of medical issues can be diagnosed and treated with the help of a nasal endoscopy. Taking samples of lesions or masses may also need it.
With the use of a magnified, high-quality image, nasal endoscopy examines the nasal and sinus passageways directly. It is a routine technique carried out in an otolaryngologist's clinic and acts as an objective diagnostic tool for assessing nasal disease, sinonasal anatomy, and mucosa. Either a rigid endoscope or a flexible fiberoptic endoscope can be used for nasal endoscopy (see the images below). Both rigid and flexible endoscopy, when carried out by qualified professionals, are typically well tolerated.
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what type of mutation results from the insertion of 2 nucleotides in a gene's sequence?
The insertion of two nucleotides in a gene's sequence results in a frameshift mutation, specifically an insertion frameshift mutation.
A frameshift mutation occurs when the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a gene's sequence disrupts the normal reading frame during protein synthesis. In the case of an insertion of two nucleotides, the reading frame is shifted, leading to significant changes in the resulting protein.
During translation, the genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or serves as a start or stop signal. When two nucleotides are inserted into the gene's sequence, the reading frame shifts by one nucleotide, altering the codons' alignment.
As a result, the entire sequence of codons downstream from the insertion point is affected. The inserted nucleotides cause a shift in the reading frame, leading to a different amino acid sequence in the resulting protein. This disruption can have a profound impact on the structure and function of the protein, potentially rendering it nonfunctional or dysfunctional. Therefore, the insertion of two nucleotides in a gene's sequence typically results in an insertion frameshift mutation.
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in terrestrial ecosystems, most energy flow passes through detritus. group of answer choices true false
True, in terrestrial ecosystems, most energy flow passes through detritus as it serves as a primary source of food for decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates which in turn releases nutrients and energy that can be used by other organisms in the ecosystem
Detritus is the dead organic matter such as fallen leaves, twigs, and dead animals that accumulates on the forest floor. It is broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, into simpler compounds that can be used by plants as a source of energy and nutrients. This broken-down detritus is then consumed by herbivores, which are in turn consumed by carnivores. This process is called the detritus food web, and it is the primary way that energy and nutrients are cycled through terrestrial ecosystems.
It's worth noting that detritus is not the only energy source in terrestrial ecosystems. Photosynthesis is also a source of energy. However, the energy that flows through detritus is an important part of the ecosystem's energy budget.
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Question 1: which structure is correctly paired with its function?
Question 2: which statement about embryonic organ development in humans is accurate?
Question 3: Toxins can harm a developing fetus. They usually enter the fetus by the process of?
Answer as many questions as you can please and thank you.
Ribosomes - protein synthesis; The heart is the first organ to form and begin functioning in a developing embryo; Toxins can enter the developing fetus through the placenta.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell, by translating mRNA into proteins.
What is the process of organ development in a developing human embryo?In a developing human embryo, organs begin to form during the embryonic stage, which lasts from fertilization to about the 8th week of gestation. The heart is the first organ to form and begin functioning, followed by other major organs such as the liver, kidneys, and brain.
How can toxins harm a developing fetus?Toxins can harm a developing fetus by entering the fetal bloodstream through the placenta, which can cause damage to developing organs and systems. This can lead to developmental abnormalities, birth defects, and other health problems.
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recall that cholera toxin causes a secretory diarrhea, where the fluid in the diarrhea (stool output) has been transported from the ecf to the lumen of the gut. what would a negative net stool output rate mean? recall that cholera toxin causes a secretory diarrhea, where the fluid in the diarrhea (stool output) has been transported from the ecf to the lumen of the gut. what would a negative net stool output rate mean? stool output/time exceeds fluid input/time. fluid input/time exceeds stool output/time. stool output decreased. no solution was being administered through the tube.
A negative net stool output rate means that the fluid input rate exceeds the stool output rate.
In the case of cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea, this would suggest that the mechanism of fluid transport from the ECF to the lumen of the gut is disrupted or inhibited.
This could be due to factors such as reduced motility of the gut, decreased secretion of chloride and other electrolytes, or increased absorption of fluid from the lumen of the gut back into the ECF.
A negative net stool output rate could also be seen in cases where stool output is decreased due to factors such as constipation, decreased gut motility, or decreased fluid intake.
However, in the context of cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea, a negative net stool output rate would be unexpected and would suggest a disruption in the normal pathophysiology of the disease.
It's also important to note that a negative net stool output rate would not occur if a solution was being administered through the tube as the fluid input would exceed the stool output.
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Which of the following can be successfully treated with medicine?
Answer:
c. Epilepsy
Explanation: is correct
What is the name for the positive subatomic particles in an atom?
A. Protons
B. Electrons
C. Nuclei (plural for nucleus)
D. Neutrons
It’s A:)
When scientists and doctors are looking to heal wounds and cure diseases, stem cells are a great option because they can repair damage and grow new specialized cells. From the list, which type of stem cell would be the best option for healing the widest variety of diseases?.
The crude element scientists and doctors were looking from which our body tries to make all the other cells with specialized type of functions are called embryonic stem-cells. Option (A).
They have the ability to provide many varieties of bin the body. In infection or any injury, they may be very useful as they displace the useless and broken cells. Embryonic stem cells are discovered withinside the internal middle of the human embryo.
They are withinside the undifferentiated shape which means they could deliver upward push to any sort of mobileular and its progenitors. ESC are pluripotent this is they've complete ability to change into the 3 number one germ layers. They may be the first-rate choice for recuperation the widest kind of sicknesses as they could regenerate and restore broken tissues and organs. Therefore, Embryonic stem cells are the first-rate choice for recuperation the widest kind of sicknesses.
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Correct Question:
When scientists and doctors are looking to heal wounds and cure diseases, stem cells are a great option because they can repair damage and grow new specialized cells. From the list, which type of stem cell would be the best option for healing the widest variety of diseases?
a). embryonic stem cells
b). small intestine stem cells
c). bone marrow stem cells
d). skin stem cells
You are presented with several single-celled organisms, including one thought to belong to the kingdom fungi. what unique feature could help you identify the fungus?
One unique feature that could help identify the fungus is the presence of chitin in its cell walls
Chitin is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of fungus that is not found in the cell walls of other single-celled organisms such as bacteria or protists. Furthermore, because fungi are heterotrophic creatures that absorb nutrients from their surroundings, they may be distinguished by their mode of feeding. Fungi have a unique way of reproduction that involves the formation of spores that may be distributed in the environment. Seeing any of these distinguishing characteristics may aid in identifying the organism as a fungus.
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amino acids can undergo dehydration synthesis reaction to form larger molecules called
Answer:
Dehydration Synthesis
The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts.
Amino acids can undergo dehydration synthesis reaction to form larger molecules called as Polymers.
What is dehydration synthesis?Dehydration synthesis is a sort of chemical process in which, after the loss of water, two smaller molecules are combined to create a larger molecule. Condensation or dehydration reactions are other names for dehydration synthesis. Water is produced during dehydration synthesis as one of the principal byproducts of the reaction. When the proton (H) of one molecule bonds with the hydroxyl group (OH) of another molecule, water is created. A new covalent bond is created between the two molecules to produce a bigger complex when water is produced during the reaction and then evaporates.To know more about the dehydration synthesis, refer :
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Many functions in the body are controlled by
special compounds. Which statements about
these compounds do you think are true? Check
all that apply.
The body can make all of the compounds it
needs.
.
The body gets energy from some
compounds.
um
Some compounds determine physical
characteristics.
Answer:
Its either a or b
Explanation:
A say the body can make all of the compound its need
my suggestion compound are made up of water ,mineral protein carbs and fat
our body produce little nutrients so we need to eat to get the nutrients we need
im am going with b
B is the answer
Which function is performed by both goblet cells and lacrimal glands?
digestion
stress regulation
protection
growth regulation
Answer:
protection
Explanation:
The correct answer would be protection.
Goblet cells are special cells found in the epithelial layers of small and large intestines and some other organs such as those associated with the respiratory tracts. They secrete mucin and create a protective mucous layer in the walls of the intestines.
Lacrimal glands on the other hand are exocrine glands found in the eyes. They secrete the watery component of the eyes which is made up of water, electrolytes, and protein. The fluid produced by the glands protects the eyes from drying out.
Hence, both goblet cells and lacrimal glands serve protective functions.
May I get help with explanation using punnets squares for number 2
The sex ratio, as always is 50%-50%.
Daugthers will have 50% chance of being carriers.
Sons will have 50% chance of being hemophiliacs.
In other words:
25% of the total offspring will be carriers of the condition (half of the females).
25% of the total offspring will be hemophiliacs (half of the males) .
According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, anatomical and molecular homologies should __________.
According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, anatomical and molecular homologies should indicate similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is a process of differential survival as well as reproduction in which the organisms which are more adapted to their environment survive and give birth to more offspring than those which are less adapted.According to theory of evolution by natural selection, natural selection can lead to evolution i.e. the organisms better adapted to their environment have higher chances of survival and pass these favorable characters to their offspring.Due to changes in the environment, the organisms also change their traits thus leading to evolution.Anatomical and molecular homologies indicate that the organisms descended from common ancestors which undergo different changes depending upon the environment where they lived.The theory of evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the 19th century.Learn more about theory of evolution here:
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9% of individuals within a population of butterflies are resistant to milkweed toxins, a trait which arises from a recessive allele. If these butterflies reproduce exclusively within their population, genetic mutations do not occur, and natural selection does not play a role, what is the predicted frequency of the recessive allele after 10 generations?
Thus, after 10 generations, the predicted frequency of the recessive allele would be approximately 0.3 or 30%, while the frequency of the dominant allele would be approximately 0.7 or 70%.
The predicted frequency of the recessive allele after 10 generations can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. In this case, since the trait arises from a recessive allele, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) can be calculated as 1 - 0.09 = 0.91.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the predicted frequency of the recessive allele (q) after 10 generations can be calculated as \(q^{10}\) = 0.09, where q is the square root of the recessive allele frequency.
To find q, we take the square root of both sides: q = √(0.09).
q ≈ 0.3.
Since the frequency of the dominant allele (p) + the frequency of the recessive allele (q) = 1, we can calculate the frequency of the dominant allele as p = 1 - q.
p ≈ 1 - 0.3 = 0.7.
After 10 generations, the predicted frequency of the recessive allele would be around 30%, while the frequency of the dominant allele would be around 70%.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle is used to predict the allele frequencies in a population under certain conditions. In this case, since the butterflies reproduce exclusively within their population, genetic mutations do not occur, and natural selection does not play a role, the Hardy-Weinberg equation can be applied. The recessive allele frequency can be calculated by subtracting the frequency of individuals resistant to milkweed toxins (9%) from 1. By using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and simplifying it, we can calculate the predicted frequency of the recessive allele after 10 generations. The result shows that the recessive allele is expected to be around 30% and the dominant allele around 70% after 10 generations.
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Enzymes can be denatured unfolded by what environmental factors
Enzymes can be denatured unfolded by heat or chemicals.
What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that are found in living organisms which are able to increase the rate of chemical reaction and remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
The factors that can denature enzymes include heat and chemicals. This is because:
Higher temperatures disrupt the shape of the active site, which will reduce its activity, or prevent it from working. When the enzyme loses its shape, it is said to have been denatured.These environmental factors can alter the pH level of the enzyme.Therefore, for an enzyme to perform its functions, the external factors that affects it's activities must be normal and favorable.
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in regards to the terms dermatome and myotome, the portion of a skeletal muscle innervated by a single spinal cord level (spinal segment) or by a single pair of spinal nerves, is known as a .
The portion of a skeletal muscle innervated by a single spinal cord level (spinal segment) or by a single pair of spinal nerves, is known as a Mytome.
A myotome is characterized collectively by muscles that are innervated by a single spinal nerve root. When diagnosing radiculopathy, myotome testing is an essential component of the neurological examination. Because each skeletal muscle is innervated by nerves derived from multiple levels of the spinal cord, myotomes are a part of the somatic nervous system, while the somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system. As a result, myotomes are much more difficult to test than dermatomes.
Multiple myotomes make up the majority of the limb muscles because they are innervated by multiple spinal nerve roots. For instance, the biceps brachii muscle bends the elbow. The musculocutaneous nerve, which is innervated by the C5, C6, and C7 nerve roots, innervates it. Elbow flexion can be said to be associated with all three of these spinal nerve roots.
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The genotype of a fetus can be screened for SNPs associated with some diseases.
The given statement genotype of a fetus can be screened for SNPs associated with some diseases is true.
This enables the SNP to be used as a genetic marker in what way?SNPs can be utilized as markers for putative disease genes because of the co-inheritance of SNPs with genes of interest (i.e., disease genes). An SNP can be used to identify an illness if it occurs in more than 1% of people.
Why are SNPs significant and what do they entail?They make it possible for researchers to quantify individual genetic variations. SNPs are specific base pairs in a chromosome's DNA that differ at the same locus in a different chromosome or person.
A genotype's simple definition is what?The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic makeup; in other words, it characterizes an organism's whole gene pool. The phrase can also be used to describe the alleles, or different forms of a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning.
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the body of an average healthy adult is at least ____ percent water.
The human body of an average healthy adult is at least 50 percent water.
The body's water content fluctuates significantly with age and sex as well as other variables, although it typically falls between 45-75%. Less fatty tissue contains more water than lean muscle does. Normal water content in a female body is often lower than in a male body. Women have a higher percentage of fat than men, which accounts for this. Because of this water distribution, individuals with higher body fat percentages are probably to have lower levels of water in their bodies.
As we become older, our body's water content shifts. In comparison to older folks, babies' bodies contain a significantly higher proportion of water.
The human body has water in every cell. 60% of the body's water is found inside cells, with the remaining one-third surrounding the cells. More water is present in some organs than in others. Water content is highest in the brain and kidneys and lowest in the bones and teeth.
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How did this organism get these chromosomes? where id they come from
The organism inherited its chromosomes from its parents through sexual reproduction. Chromosomes are passed down from generation to generation, with half coming from the mother and half from the father.
Organisms receive their chromosomes through sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of gametes (reproductive cells) from two parents. In most organisms, including humans, the parents contribute one set of chromosomes each to their offspring.
During the process of sexual reproduction, specialized cells called gametes are produced through a type of cell division called meiosis. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives a single copy of each chromosome, resulting in haploid gametes. In humans, the gametes are sperm cells (from the father) and egg cells (from the mother). When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting zygote contains a complete set of chromosomes, with half inherited from the mother and half from the father.
Chromosomes themselves contain the genetic material in the form of DNA. DNA carries the instructions for building and functioning of the organism. The chromosomes inherited from the parents contain a combination of genetic information that determines various traits, including physical characteristics and other heritable features.
Therefore, the organism received its chromosomes through sexual reproduction, with half coming from each parent. The specific combination of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry are responsible for the organism's characteristics and traits.
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Which objects have the most eccentric orbits?
A. Uranus and Neptune
B. Jupiter and Earth
C Saturn and Venus
D. Mercury and Pluto
Which of the following would likely move through the phospholipids of the
cell membrane most easily? *
CO2
Glucose
K+
Starch
Answer:
CO2
Explanation:
Oxygen and CO2 can move through the cell membrane through simple diffusion because they are small molecules.
It's possible that CO2 travels through the lipid bilayer far more quickly than any other molecule. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What is the structure of cell membrane ?According to the fluid mosaic model, the plasma membrane is a mosaic of components—primarily, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins—that move freely and fluidly in the plane of the membrane.
All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.
Therefore, small and simple molecules like water, H2O , CO2 can pass through the cell membrane easily as it is partially permeable.
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What was the environmental factor MAINLY responsible for the changes which were seen in the graph in Figure 3?
Answer:
my answer
Explanation:
the sun is rising in noon and at it's very height, carbon-dioxide levels are LOW because the more sunlight plants get, THE MORE PLANTS CONVERT SUNLIGHT WITH CARBON DIOXIDE INTO OXYGEN AND REMOVE CARBON DIOXIDE FROM ATMOSPHERE
Answer:
it seems that there aren't any factors that can really support it but i would say that the percent seems to lower because of the temp change
Explanation:
Abbey wants to determine how long it takes for a tadpole to develop into a frog. In what order should she perform the steps below?
Answer:
PREDICT > OBTAIN FROG EGGS > OBSERVE > RECORD > WRITE A REPORT
Explanation:
I did it on Study Islands and got it correct
Answer:
-Predict how long it will take for a tadpole to develop into a frog.
-Obtain frog eggs.
-Observe the frog eggs every day.
-Record changes that take place as the eggs hatch and tadpoles develop.
-Write a report on her findings.
Explanation:
These steps should be followed in order in any scientific investigation:
Form a hypothesis or make a prediction about what might happen.
Perform a controlled experiment to find out what does happen. For Abbey, this involves obtaining frog eggs.
During the experiment, observe what happens, then record your observations.
Report your findings.