Lab 11
Reading Read the sections on parameters (Sobell, pages 460–470), control structures (Sobell, pages 419–435), and environment (Sobell, pages 471–474).
Procedure
The shell expands $0 to the name of the calling program (Sobell, page 461), $1–$n to the individual command-line arguments (positional parameters; Sobell, page 462), $* (Sobell, page 465) to all positional parameters, and $# (Sobell, page 466) to the number of positional parameters.
1. Write a script named all that displays (sends to standard output) the name of the calling program, the number of positional parameters, and a list of positional parameters. Include the #! line (Sobell, page 287) and a comment (Sobell, page 288). Remember to make the file executable (Sobell, page 100). Test the script with 0, 1, and 5 positional parameters.
2. Make a symbolic link (Sobell, page 113) named linkto to the all script you wrote in the previous step. Call linkto with two arguments. What does the script report as the name it was called as?
3. Write a script named myname that uses echo (most of the examples in Chap- ter 10 use this utility) to prompt the user with Enter your name: , reads into a variable the string the user types in response to the prompt, and then dis- plays Hello followed by the string the user typed. When you run the program it should look like this: $ ./myname Enter your name: Max Wild Hello Max Wild
4. Rewrite myname from the previous step, calling it myname2. Have this version of the program prompt the user for a string, but instead of displaying Hello and the string on the screen (sending it to standard output) redirect the output so the program writes only the string the user entered (and not Hello) to the temporary file named PID.name where PID is the process ID number (Sobell, page 467) of the process running the script. Display the contents of the PID.name file.
5. Write and run a script named looper that uses the for (Sobell, page 434) control structure to loop through the command-line arguments and display each argument on a separate line.
6. Rewrite looper from the previous step, calling it looper2. Have this version of the program use the for...in control structure (Sobell, page 432) to perform the same task.
7. Write a script named ifthen that prompts the user with >> and reads a string of text from the user. If the user enters a nonnull string, the script displays You entered: followed by the string; otherwise it displays Where is your input?. Use an if...then...else control structure (Sobell, page 424) to imple- ment the two-way branch in the script. Use the test (Sobell, pages 420 and 978) builtin to determine if the user enters a null string. What do you have to do to avoid getting an error message when you prompt with >>? (There are several ways to construct the test statement.)
8. Write and run a simple shell script named echomyvar that displays the PID (Sobell, page 467) of the process running the script and value of the variable named myvar. Display the PID of the interactive shell you are working with. What is the value of the variable within the process running the shell script? Are the interactive shell and the shell running the script run by the same or different processes (do they have the same PID)?
$ cat echomyvar
echo The PID of this process is $$
echo The value of myvar is: $myvar
$ echo $$
2651
$ ./echomyvar
The PID of this process is 4392
The value of myvar is:
The example near the top of Sobell, page 473, demonstrates a way to put a variable in the environment of a script you are calling without declaring the variable in the interactive shell you are running. Use this technique to assign a value to myvar, place it in the environment of echomyvar, and run echo myvar. After running the script, is myvar set in the interactive shell?
On the command line, assign a value to the variable named myvar and then run echomyvar again. Which value does the script display?
Use the export (Sobell, page 472) builtin in the interactive shell to place myvar in the environment and run echomyvar. (You can export myvar with out assigning a new value to it.) Did the script display the value of myvar this time?
Is the PID of the interactive shell the same or different from the PID of the script?
Call export without an argument and send the output through grep to dis- play the export attribute for myvar. The export builtin and declare –x perform the same function.
Use export –n (Sobell, page 473) to unexport myvar. Show that myvar is a shell variable but is no longer in the environment.
Use the unset (Sobell, page 304) builtin to remove myvar. Show that myvar is not available in the interactive shell or in the environment.
Deliverables Please submit the contents of scripts written, the command line calls that you make and the answers to any questions asked

Answer:

C.R.U.D stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete.

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I did it

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Both CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) have online documentation. CSS and HTML are separate languages with different purposes. HTML is used for structuring and presenting content on the web, while CSS is used for styling and formatting the appearance of that content.

Both languages have their own specifications and documentation available online. HTML documentation provides information about the various elements, attributes, and their usage, while CSS documentation covers properties, selectors, and how to apply styles to HTML elements.

Therefore, it is incorrect to say that only CSS has online documentation. Both CSS and HTML have extensive documentation available for reference.

hello

the answer to the question is D)

Answer: D

Explanation: Research is discovering many sources of information for a specific task, and the closest thing to that is answer D.

Answer:

2nd, third, and the 5th one

Explanation:

Answer:

PUB

Explanation:

PUB IS THE NAME OF THE EXTENSION USED TO SAVE PUBLISHER

Answer:

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void printData(const vector<int>& data) {

   for (int value : data) {

       cout << value << " ";

   }

   cout << endl;

}

void addData(vector<int>& data) {

   int value;

   cout << "Enter a value to add: ";

   cin >> value;

   data.push_back(value);

   cout << "Value added successfully." << endl;

}

void removeData(vector<int>& data) {

   if (data.empty()) {

       cout << "No data to remove." << endl;

       return;

   }

   int index;

   cout << "Enter the index of the value to remove (0-" << data.size() - 1 << "): ";

   cin >> index;

   if (index >= 0 && index < data.size()) {

       data.erase(data.begin() + index);

       cout << "Value removed successfully." << endl;

   } else {

       cout << "Invalid index." << endl;

   }

}

void sortDataAscending(vector<int>& data) {

   sort(data.begin(), data.end());

   cout << "Data sorted in ascending order." << endl;

   printData(data);

}

void sortDataDescending(vector<int>& data) {

   sort(data.rbegin(), data.rend());

   cout << "Data sorted in descending order." << endl;

   printData(data);

}

void truncateData(vector<int>& data) {

   data.clear();

   cout << "Data truncated successfully." << endl;

}

int main() {

   vector<int> data;

   int choice;

   do {

       cout << "\n--- Menu ---\n";

       cout << "1. Add data\n";

       cout << "2. Remove data\n";

       cout << "3. Sort data in ascending order\n";

       cout << "4. Sort data in descending order\n";

       cout << "5. Truncate data\n";

       cout << "6. Exit\n";

       cout << "Enter your choice (1-6): ";

       cin >> choice;

       switch (choice) {

           case 1:

               addData(data);

               break;

           case 2:

               removeData(data);

               break;

           case 3:

               sortDataAscending(data);

               break;

           case 4:

               sortDataDescending(data);

               break;

           case 5:

               truncateData(data);

               break;

           case 6:

               cout << "Exiting program." << endl;

               break;

           default:

               cout << "Invalid choice. Please try again." << endl;

               break;

       }

   } while (choice != 6);

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

While this code tries to show the output for three uninitialized variables, a build error occur.

The proper spelling of "program" in American English. The reason the word "system" is filled less likely both Australian and Canadian English. Program is the standard spelling in British English, despite the fact that program is widely used in computing situations.

Even before the first variable can be employed in an expression in Java, it must first be defined and created. The code included will compile without even any issues:

public class infytest {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

     int x = 0, y = 0, and z = 0;

       System.out.println(x + y + z);

   }

}

This code initializes the variables x, y, and z to 0 and then prints their sum.

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Answer:

Study and do practice tests

Based on the given scenarios, the data types that would be best suited for each is:

This refers to the particular type of data item that is used in order to define values that can be taken or used in a programming language.

Hence, it can be seen that based on the fact that Adja is working in a program for the school grading system, she would need to use a character to store the name of the student and a float to store all the grades of each subject of each student because they are in decimals.

With this in mind, one can see that the answers have been provided above.,

In lieu of this, the correct answer to the given question that have been given above are character and floats.

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Answer:

A- String

B- Character

The operating system (OS) controls all of the computer's software and hardware. It manages files, memory, and processes, handles input and output, and controls peripheral devices like disk drives and printers.

         Distributed OS .

         Batch processing OS.

         Time sharing OS.

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Given that you need to create the app service plans for the web apps.

In this situation, each App Service Plan on the App Service Environment will require a minimum of three instances in order to be distributed across zones.

A web application is software that can be accessed using a web browser. Web apps are supplied to users with an active network connection over the World Wide Web.

Mobile applications must be downloaded from the app store, however web applications may be accessed via any browser and hence do not require installation. Mobile applications can be accessible even while not connected to the internet, however online applications cannot be used without an internet connection.

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Answer:

wifi

Explanation:

if it's running on the same network that's wifi

Answer:

The correct answer is D. Wi-Fi.

Explanation:

I got it right on the Edmentum test.

Answer:

The ERD is attached.

Explanation:

See the attached document for ERD

Answer:

Explanation:

1-2nd option

2-1st option

3-last option

hope this helps!! have a good rest of ur day!! <3

Answer:

100 POINTS MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL HOMEWORK.

I will report you if you answer incorrectly or steal my points.

System testing involves testing the complete, integrated system (hardware, software databases people and procedures) to validate that an information system meets all specified requirements. Hence option B is correct.

A system's compliance with its stated requirements is assessed through system testing, which is testing done on an entire integrated system. All integrated components that have passed integration testing are the input for system testing.

Therefore, in the context of the above, one can say that the method through which a quality assurance (QA) team assesses how the various components of an application interact with one another in the entire, integrated system or application is known as system testing, also known as system-level testing or system-integration testing.

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Answer:

I cannot answer this question as "audienc" isn't a valid word. Please re-write the question (show below):

Demonstrate competence in a range of skills in Excel including charting and use of functions Select appropriate techniques to explore and summarise a given dataset Highlight and communicate results to the relevant audienc

OK OK OK IM KIDDING HERE'S YOUR SOLUTION

Real Answer:

To demonstrate competence in a range of skills in Excel, one should have a strong understanding of the basic and advanced features of Excel, including charting, use of functions, and data analysis tools. This can be achieved through taking online courses, attending workshops, or practicing on their own.

To select appropriate techniques to explore and summarise a given dataset, one should first understand the nature and characteristics of the data, such as its size, format, and complexity. From there, one can choose appropriate Excel functions and tools to organize and analyze the data, such as filtering, sorting, grouping, and pivot tables.

To highlight and communicate results to the relevant audience, one should use appropriate charts and graphs to visually represent the data, as well as create clear and concise summaries and explanations of the results. This requires a strong understanding of the data, as well as the ability to communicate complex information in a clear and understandable manner. Additionally, one should consider the intended audience and their level of expertise when presenting the results, and adjust the presentation accordingly.

Hope it helps!!

Answer:

Simplifies creating a complex program

Explanation:

The benefits that can be associated to the use of library in a program is Reduction in the size of class files which brings about simplicity in creating a complex program.

Therefore using library brings simplicity.

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Answer:

The answer to this question is given below in the explanation section.

Explanation:

The given compound statement are:

4 < 3 and 5 < 10

4 <3 or 5 < 10

not (5 > 13)

4 < 3 and 5 < 10  this statement is false because "and" logical operator required that both operand (4<3) and (5<10) are true. Statement (4<3) is a false statement so this statement is false. "and" operator becomes true when all its inputs are true otherwise it becomes false.

4 < 3 or 5 < 10  this statement is true because "or" logical operator to be true if one of its input is true and false when all inputs are false. so in this compound statement, the first statement is false and the second statement is true. so this compound statement is true.

not(5>13) this compound statement is true because it has "not" operator and "not" operator makes a false statement to true and vice versa. so (5>13) is a false statement, and when you append "not" operator before it, then this compound statement will become true statement, so this is a true statement.

The given compound conditions would be considered true or false as follows:

i). 4 < 3 and 5 < 10 - False

ii). 4 <3 or 5 < 10 - True

iii). not (5 > 13)  - True

Thus, the first statement is false and the other two are true.

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Answer:

please tell the question clearly

Answer:

it is for sure not-D.They allow easy access to social media even without Internet access.

so i would go with C.They allow communication across platforms and networks

Explanation:

TRUST ME

The statement 'they allow communication across platforms and networks' BEST describes the aspect of mobile apps that makes them attractive for communication.

In conclusion, the statement 'they allow communication across platforms and networks' BEST describes the aspect of mobile apps that makes them attractive for communication.

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True, The Travel & Transport case study's Web FOCUS BI platform reduced the amount of time clients spent asking the IT department for system reports.

Time period: the entire number or amount: aggregate. I'm attempting to estimate how long it will take, for instance. Duration, range, or extent are all terms for time. Example: The interval between the diagnosis and the interview was 4 to 6 years. While most is used to characterize the person speaking, examples include "most of the time I like to wash dishes, but today I do not want to," "most of the time I like to wash dishes," and "most of the time was spent cleaning dishes." Both the words "a lot of" and "lots of" refer to a sizable quantity or number of individuals or objects.

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Answer:

No, it is not the final step in decision-making model. It is rather the penultimate stage of the model of decision making.

Explanation:

The final step of the decision-making model is reviewing your decision and its consequences. The decision-making model has total of 7 steps. One should follow these all the steps to make it error free and more efficient then it rather would have been when the decision was made without following it.

The very first step of this model is to identify the decision. And it is one of the most important steps to be followed to avoid any error.  

The response to the following prompts on programming in relation to array objects and codes are given below.

A)

Valid declarations that instantiate an array object are:

boolean completed[J] = {true, true, false, false};

This declaration creates a boolean array named "completed" of length 4 with initial values {true, true, false, false}.

int powersOfTwo[] = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128};

This declaration creates an integer array named "powersOfTwo" of length 8 with initial values {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}.

char[] vowels = new char[5];

This declaration creates a character array named "vowels" of length 5 with default initial values (null for char).

float[] tLength = new float[100];

This declaration creates a float array named "tLength" of length 100 with default initial values (0.0f for float).

String[] names = new String[]{"Sam", "Frodo", "Merry"};

This declaration creates a String array named "names" of length 3 with initial values {"Sam", "Frodo", "Merry"}.

char[] vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};

This declaration creates a character array named "vowels" of length 5 with initial values {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}.

double[] standardDeviation = new double[1];

This declaration creates a double array named "standardDeviation" of length 1 with default initial value (0.0 for double).

In summary, arrays are objects in Java that store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. The syntax for creating an array includes the type of the elements, the name of the array, and the number of elements to be stored in the array. An array can be initialized using curly braces ({}) to specify the initial values of the elements.

B) The problem with the code is that the loop condition in the for loop is incorrect. The index should start from 0 instead of 1, and the loop should run until index < masses.length instead of masses.length + 1. Also, the totalMass should be incremented by masses[index], not assigned to it.

Corrected code:
double[] masses = {123.6, 34.2, 765.87, 987.43, 90, 321, 5};

double totalMass = 0;

for (int index = 0; index < masses.length; index++) {

   totalMass += masses[index];

}

The modifications made here are to correct the starting index of the loop, fix the loop condition, and increment the totalMass variable correctly.


C)

1)
Code to set each element of an array called nums to the value of the constant INITIAL:

const int INITIAL = 10; // or any other desired initial value

int nums[5]; // assuming nums is an array of size 5

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   nums[i] = INITIAL;

}

2) Code to print the values stored in an array called names backwards:
string names[4] = {"John", "Jane", "Bob", "Alice"}; // assuming names is an array of size 4

for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {

   cout << names[i] << " ".

}

3) Code to set each element of a boolean array called flags to alternating values (true at index 0, false at index 1, true at index 2, etc.):

bool flags[6]; // assuming flags is an array of size 6

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

   flags[i] = (i % 2 == 0);

}

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Obstacles to becoming digital literates and solutions include:

1. Poor network connectivity. Solutions are:

2. Authenticating Information. Solutions are:

3. Excessive Use of the Internet. Solutions are:

Digital literacy can be defined as the ability or skills needed to be able to access information and communicate via internet platforms, mobile devices, or social media.

1. Poor Network Connectivity: In areas where network connectivity is poor, digital literacy becomes difficult to achieve as accessing the internet to source information would be impeded. The solutions to this are:

2. Authenticating Information: The internet is awash with information, most of which may not be verifiable, when a user becomes misinformed, they tend to have biases which affects their critical thinking. Solutions to this are:

3. Excessive Use of the Internet: People tend to spend much time on the internet which at the end of the day becomes unproductive. Solutions to this include:

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Answer:ture

Explanation: I just took the test and got the question right

Answer: True

Explanation: I just took the test

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Answer:

Select Case statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each select case.

Answer:

ggggggggggggggggggg