Chromic acid, is also known as chromium (VI) oxide. Due to its toxicity and environmental impact, its use in large-scale applications is restricted and limited.
It is a commonly used oxidizing agent in organic chemistry. It is particularly useful for oxidizing alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, as well as for the oxidation of other functional groups like sulfides and amines.
The disposal of chromic acid can lead to contamination of soil and groundwater, posing a potential threat to human health and the environment. Furthermore, its production involves the use of toxic chemicals and energy-intensive processes, making it an expensive and unsustainable option.
Therefore, alternative oxidizing agents have been developed, such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and potassium permanganate, which are more environmentally friendly and safer to handle. These alternative oxidants can be used on a larger scale with lower risks and costs.
Thus, while chromic acid is an effective oxidizing agent in small-scale applications, its use in large-scale operations is not ideal due to its toxicity and environmental impact. Alternative oxidants should be considered for larger-scale operations to ensure sustainability and safety.
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How would you go about finding the amount of chalk molecules it takes to write your name on the board?
To find the amount of chalk molecules it takes to write your name on the board, we can follow a general approach that involves estimating the number of chalk molecules used per stroke and multiplying it by the number of strokes needed to write your name.
Estimate the number of chalk molecules used per stroke: This can be challenging as it depends on various factors such as the thickness of the line you draw, the pressure applied, and the size of the chalk particles. Since we don't have specific information, we can make an approximation based on observations or assumptions. Let's assume that each stroke uses approximately 10^18 (1 quintillion) chalk molecules.
Count the number of strokes required to write your name: Depending on the complexity of your name and the style of writing, this number will vary. Let's assume it takes 20 strokes to write your name.
Multiply the number of chalk molecules per stroke by the number of strokes: Using our assumptions, the total number of chalk molecules used to write your name would be 10^18 x 20 = 2 x 10^19 (20 quintillion) chalk molecules.
It's important to note that these estimations are rough approximations, and the actual number may vary significantly depending on numerous factors. Additionally, the term "chalk molecules" is not a well-defined scientific unit but used here for illustrative purposes.
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In a different investigation, a student passed a current of 0.6 A through copper
sulfate solution for 300 s, Calculate the charge flow through the solution. Use the
equation: Charge flow = current time *
Answer:
bdnsndmzmkrrbby
Explanation:
hfjdkxkx dnamkynskfkfnd
I-Chlorobutane Will Undergo A Reaction With All Three Of The Following Nucleophiles. Only One Nucleophile Has A Solubility Trend That Will Alow For The Reaction To Be VISUALLY Observed. Nucleophile NaCl Soluble In: Water, Glycerol, Ethylene Glycol, Formic Acid Electrophile Soluble In: 1-Chlorobutane Diethyl Ether, Hexanes, Acetone,
Among the nucleophiles, only one has a solubility trend that will enable the ttecodo to be WC. Scophiles: If a Nucleophile, Oser, Is Soluble in Contains Electrophiles Easily:
NaCl Glycerol, water, and ethylene Hexanes, glycol, formic acid acetone, tetrahydrofuran NaBr Water, methanol, and t-chlorobutane diethyl ether Ethanol, water, and acetone Given the aforementioned details; I-chlorobutane should be used as the electrophile in a balanced equation that would VISUALLY show the reaction in question. Equation: Utilize structures rather than names. The various chemical processes that we study in organic chemistry go beyond the pages of textbooks. If you dig a little, you'll discover that these reactions occur in everyday life or that they could be a result of the processes that living things go through. Similar but distinct In the metabolic processes of living organisms, nucleophile and the related reactions aid in the biological production of substances. Only one nucleophile has a solubility trend that will enable visual observation of the process. NaCl, a nucleophile Water, glycerol, and ethylene are soluble in
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What is the number of significant figures in each of the following measured quantities? 0.0105 L.
The measured quantity 0.0105 L has three significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a measurement that convey precision, excluding leading zeros and trailing zeros without a decimal point.
In the measured quantity 0.0105 L, there are three significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a measurement that indicate the precision and reliability of the value. The general rule for determining significant figures is as follows:
1. Non-zero digits are always significant. In this case, the digits "1", "0", and "5" are all non-zero and therefore significant.
2. Leading zeros (zeros at the beginning of a number) are not significant; they act as placeholders. In this measurement, the leading zero before the decimal point is not considered significant.
3. Zeros between significant digits are significant. There are no zeros between the significant digits "1", "0", and "5" in this case.
4. Trailing zeros (zeros at the end of a number) after a decimal point are significant. In this measurement, the trailing zero after the "5" is significant.
By applying these rules, we can determine that the measured quantity of 0.0105 L has three significant figures, representing the precision of the measurement to the hundredth place.
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How does an increase in thermal energy influence the particles of the reactants in a chemical reaction?
Group of answer choices
it increases the chance of particles being properly aligned by increasing the number of collisions
it decreases the number of particle collisions
it increases the number of collisions by speeding up the particle motion
Answer:
the last one it increases number of collisions by speeding up the particle motion
Explanation:
the more thermal energy something it has the faster particles move
Can someone help me with level 17 of Covalent Bonds o the Collision app? This is the last one and it's urgent.
The covalent compounds formed from the given elements are as follows:
Water; H₂OCarbo (iv) oxide; CO₂, and Nitrogen trifluoride; NF₃What are covalent compounds?Covalent compounds are compounds that are formed as a result of covalent bonds formed between atoms of different elements.
Covalent bonds are formed as a result of sharing of electrons between atoms of different elements usually non-metals.
Due to differences between the electronegativities of atoms of nom-metals, the electrons shared in covalent compounds are not always shared equally. Thus, several other intermolecular forces exist between molecules of covalent compounds.
Some of the intermolecular forces that exist in covalent compounds include:
London Dispersion forcesDipole Dipole forcesHydrogen bondingGiven the following elements: nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.
The covalent compounds that can be formed representing the given intermolecular forces are as follows:
Water; H₂O - hydrogen bonding exists between water moleculesCarbo (iv) oxide; CO₂ - London dispersion forces are the major intermolecular forces present in carbo (iv) oxide given moleculesNitrogen trifluoride; NF₃ - dipole dipole forces predominate in nitrogen trifluoride molecules.
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Select all of the following which are Nitrogenous bases that make up DNA:
a)Glutamine
b)Thymine
c)Adenine
d)Thyrine
e)Guanine
f)Cytosine
Answer:
adenine (A, green), thymine (T, red), cytosine (C, orange), and guanine (G, blue).
Explanation:
The nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Adenine and guanine belong to a class of compounds called purines, and cytosine and thymine belong to a class of compounds called pyrimidines. In a DNA molecule, the two strands are connecting by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases of each strand. According to the base-pairing rule, the purine adenine always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine, and the purine guanine always pairs with the pyrimidine cytosine...
Question 4 of 10
Based on the trend in valence electrons across periods for main-group
elements, how many valence electrons does fluorine (F) have?
A. 5
O
B. 7
C. 4
D. 6
Answer:
The answer is 7
Explanation:
Guessed it
Select the answer choice that is arranged from smallest to largest.
Answer:
Im like 75% sure that the answer is C.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! Have a great day. Remember your amazing and you got this! Alycia <3
predict whether each of the following salts should be acidic, basic, or neutral in aqueous solution: 1. kc2h3o2 will be [ select ] 2. nh4cl will be [ select ] 3. na2so3 will be [ select ]
The given salts in aqueous solution:
1. kc2h3o2 will be acidic.
2. nh4cl will be neutral.
3. na2so3 will be basic.
In aqueous solution, the acidity or basicity of a salt is determined by the nature of its constituent ions. In the case of kc2h3o2, it dissociates into K+ and C2H3O2- ions. The C2H3O2- ion is the conjugate base of a weak acid, acetic acid (CH3COOH). Since the conjugate base of a weak acid is basic, kc2h3o2 will be acidic in aqueous solution.
On the other hand, nh4cl is composed of NH4+ and Cl- ions. The NH4+ ion is the conjugate acid of a weak base, ammonia (NH3), while the Cl- ion is the conjugate base of a strong acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl). As NH4+ is acidic and Cl- is neutral, the overall effect is neutral, making nh4cl a neutral salt in aqueous solution.
Lastly, na2so3 dissociates into 2Na+ and SO3²- ions. The SO3²- ion is the conjugate base of a weak acid, sulfurous acid (H2SO3). Since the conjugate base of a weak acid is basic, na2so3 will be basic in aqueous solution.
When a salt is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions. The nature of these ions determines whether the resulting solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral. If the cation (positive ion) or the anion (negative ion) is derived from a strong acid or a strong base, the salt will be neutral because the ions do not have a significant tendency to donate or accept protons.
In the case of kc2h3o2, the C2H3O2- ion is derived from acetic acid, which is a weak acid. The C2H3O2- ion has a tendency to accept protons, making kc2h3o2 acidic in solution. Similarly, in na2so3, the SO3²- ion is derived from sulfurous acid, which is also a weak acid. The basic nature of the SO3²- ion makes na2so3 a basic salt in solution.
On the other hand, nh4cl contains the NH4+ ion derived from ammonia, a weak base, and the Cl- ion derived from hydrochloric acid, a strong acid. The acidic nature of NH4+ and the neutral nature of Cl- cancel each other out, resulting in a neutral salt, nh4cl, in solution.
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How many total atoms are in this compound? (3)2
The total number of atoms present in the compound, Ca(ClO3)2 would be 5.4198 x \(10^{24\) atoms.
Number of atoms in a compoundRecall that 1 mole of substances = 6.022 x \(10^{23\) atoms
For Ca(ClO3)2:
1 mole Ca = 6.022 x \(10^{23\) atoms2 moles Cl = 2 x 6.022 x \(10^{23\) atoms = 1.2044x \(10^{24\)6 moles O = 6 x 6.022 x \(10^{23\) atoms = 3.6132 x \(10^{24\)Total number of atoms in the compound = 6.022 x \(10^{23\) + 1.2044x \(10^{24\) + 3.6132 x \(10^{24\) = 5.4198 x x \(10^{24\) atoms
In other words, the total number of atoms in the compound is 5.4198 x \(10^{24\) atoms.
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How many total atoms are in this compound? Ca(ClO3)2
How many electrons go in the first three energy levels
Answer:
2 electron in 1 energy level
and 8 at second
also 8 at third
because only 4 shells are in the high school level
k,l,m,n
What type of combustion will happen in a bunsen burner when the flame is yellow
Answer:
combustion of methane gass will take place when the flame is yellow
Marine plants, such as algae, use CO, to make energy. Ocean fertilization is the introduction into oceans of nutrients that
encourage the growth of these plants. How can this technique affect the pH in oceans that already have higher than
normal CO2 readings?
This technique affect the pH in oceans that already have higher than
normal CO2 readings by increasing the ocean's acidity as the pH drops.
Adding nutrients to the upper (sunlit) layers of the ocean is a type of geoengineering (massive human operations to purposefully influence environmental systems) that aims to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations by promoting phytoplankton activity (photosynthesis).
Complex physical, biological, and chemical processes that vary throughout ocean regions and depths affect the ocean's carbon and nutrient cycles.
The growth, chemical communication, and reproductive processes of marine life can all be negatively impacted by even a slight variation in the pH of the seawater.
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What is the quantity of heat (in kJ) associated with cooling 185.5 g of water from 25.60°C to ice at -10.70°C?Heat Capacity of Solid = 2.092 J/g°CHeat Capacity of Liquid = 4.184 J/g°CT Fusion = 0.00 °CΔH Fusion = 6.01 kJ/mol
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat, the amount of heat required is 37.88 kJ.
CalorimetryCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heatSensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
Latent heatLatent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.
When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.
25.60 °C to 0 °CFirst of all, you should know that the freezing point of water is 0°C. That is, at 0°C, water freezes and turns into ice.
So, you must lower the temperature from 25.60°C (in liquid state) to 0°C, in order to supply heat without changing state (sensible heat).
The amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
In this case, you know:
c= Heat Capacity of Liquid= 4.184 \(\frac{J}{gC}\)m= 185.5 gΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 0 °C - 25.60 °C= - 25.6 °CReplacing:
Q1= 4.184 \(\frac{J}{gC}\)× 185.5 g× (- 25.6 °C)
Solving:
Q1= -19,868.98 J
Change of stateThe heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to
Q = m×L
where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.
In this case, you know:
n= 185.5 grams× \(\frac{1mol}{18 grams}\)= 10.30 moles, where 18 \(\frac{g}{mol}\) is the molar mass of water, that is, the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
ΔHfus= 6.01 \(\frac{kJ}{mol}\)
Replacing:
Q2= 10.30 moles×6.01 \(\frac{kJ}{mol}\)
Solving:
Q2=61.903 kJ= 61,903 J
0 °C to -10.70 °CSimilar to sensible heat previously calculated, you know:
c = Heat Capacity of Solid = 2.092 \(\frac{J}{gC}\)m= 185.5 gΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= -10.70 °C - 0 °C= -10.70 °CReplacing:
Q3= 2.092 \(\frac{J}{gC}\) × 185.5 g× (-10.70) °C
Solving:
Q3= -4,152.3062 J
Total heat requiredThe total heat required is calculated as:
Total heat required= Q1 + Q2 +Q3
Total heat required=-19,868.98 J + 61,903 J -4,152.3062 J
Total heat required= 37,881.7138 J= 37.8817138 kJ= 37.88 kJ
In summary, the amount of heat required is 37.88 kJ.
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Some viruses attack cells by attaching to their outer covering entering and taking over their genetic machinery.viruses are able to invade cells after first attaching to their
23.45g Cu(0H)2 x 1 mol Cu(0H)2 x 6,022 x 1023 mol Cu(0H) =
__g Cu(0H)2 1 mol Cu(0H)2
= ____molecules Cu(0H2)
please help
Answer:
I help u after my online class and intervieww
The empty spaces in material are called pores. Porosity is the amount of empty space within a material. Permeability describes how well the pores in a material are connected. What materials would make the most effective aquifer?
The empty spaces in the material are called pores. The materials would be make the most effective aquifer is the material that has the high porosity and the high permeability.
The material that has the high porosity and the high permeability will be used make the most effective aquifer. The Porosity is the amount of the empty space within the material. The Permeability describes that how the well the pores in the material are connected.
The empty spaces in the materials are called as the pores. The Porosity is the percentage of the void space in the rock. For the aquifer , the material should have the high porosity and the high permeability.
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Which one of acid is stronger: the pH value of acid X is
2 and the pH value of acid is 6? Explain
Explanation:
Hey there!
Your answer is: acid X having ph value 2.
The reason is when we see on an indicator, we find that different ph values of acids and bases. Generally, acids are located in left side of an indicator. 1,2,3 are most strong acid and 4,5,6 are weak acid according to the indicator's study.
So, we can derive that " X " acid is strong.
Hope it helps...
While testing a sample of copper (II) sulfate at varying wavelengths, you come up with a curve like the one found below. You still need to determine the concentration of the sample.
Based on this absorption spectrum, at which wavelength should you run the standards?
Based on the absorption spectrum, at the wavelength you should run the standards at 450 nm.
When all of the copper has precipitated out of solution, the usual method is to conduct a visual check. Pure copper(II) sulfate is described as white. It is also known as anhydrous copper(II) sulfate because it does not contain any water. When water is present, a copper(II) sulfate sample turns blue. Free iron, which is typically transferred onto a part's surface during manufacture with steel components, is found using the copper sulfate test. Copper(II) ions in solution absorb red light from the spectrum. The light that emerges from the solution will contain all the colors except for red. We see a light blue color when these particular wavelengths are combined.
Note that the full question is:
While testing a sample of copper (II) sulfate at varying wavelengths, you come up with a curve like the one found below. You still need to determine the concentration of the sample.
Based on this absorption spectrum, at which wavelength should you run the standards?
a) 450 nm
b) 550 nm
c) 650 nm
d)750 nm
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A tin of chopped tomatoes weighs 145 grams.
You buy four of these tins.
What is the total mass of these four tins
i in grams
cont.
b
ii in kilograms?
The total mass of 4 tin is in grams is 580 grams and in kg is 0.58kg.
One tin of chopped tomatoes weight is 145 grams
and we have to calculate it for 4
so for 4
145*4 =580 grams
and we have to change it into kilograms so
580 /1000 = .58kg
By 1,000, divide the number of grams.
To convert from grams to kilograms, simply divide by 1,000 because there are 1,000 grams in every kilogram. If necessary, construct the equation using fractions. Put the number of grams over 1 and divide it by the conversion factor, which is 1 kg / 1,000 g. Your answer in kilograms will result from the cancellation of the grams. Remember to use the appropriate units to mark your response.
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The isobars to complete the pressure analysis between the lowest and highest values on this map are ______ mb.
a. 998, 1002, 1006, 1010, 1014, 1018
b. 999, 1003, 1007, 1011, 1015, 1019
c. 1008, 1012, 1016, 1020, 1024, 1028
d. 1013, 1018, 1023, 1028, 1031, 1036
The isobars to complete the pressure analysis between the lowest and highest values on the map are 998, 1002, 1006, 1010, 1014, 1018. (A)
An isobar is a line that connects points of the same atmospheric pressure. This means that all locations along a particular isobar have the same atmospheric pressure. In general, isobars are shown on weather maps in order to represent areas of high and low atmospheric pressure.
They also assist in determining the general wind direction by showing the pressure gradient forces at work.If you are curious as to how weather forecasts are made, you must first understand how meteorologists use isobars to analyze weather patterns.
Weather maps display isobars in order to provide a snapshot of the atmospheric pressure conditions that exist over a large geographic region.
By examining weather maps with isobars, meteorologists can quickly identify areas of high and low pressure, as well as the direction in which the pressure gradient forces are working.
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Element X has 30 protons and is known to exist as 3 isotopes. One isotope is 56.5% abundance and has 38 neutrons. Another isotope is 23.4% and has 39 neutrons. The other isotope is 20.1% and contains 40 neutrons. What is the average atomic mass?
i’ll give brainliest
Answer:
The average atomic mass of element X is 68.719 amu
Step-by-step explanation:
1. To determine the average atomic mass of element X, the atomic masses and abundances of its isotopes must be used.
2. The atomic mass of the first isotope is 68 amu, the second isotope is 69 amu, and the third isotope is 70 amu.
3. To calculate the average atomic mass, the formula is used: Average Atomic Mass = (68amu x 0.565) + (69amu x 0.234) + (70amu x 0.201)
4. Applying the formula, the average atomic mass of element X is 68.719 amu.
Sodium metal is reacted with chlorine gas to produce 5.85g of a salt.
a. Find the mass of the reacted metal
b. Fid the volume of the reacted gas at STP.
(Na=23, C1=35.5, at STP: 1mole of gas has 22.4L
Answer:
35.5 this is the answer ok
Answer:
A= 2.3g
B= 1.2L
Explanation:
a) Find the mass of the reacted metal
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
46 71 117
X 5.85
From the chemical equation
117/5.85 = 46/x
X= (46x5.85)/117
= 2.3g
So, the mass of the reacted metal is 2.3g
b) Find the volume of the reacted gas at STP
at STP: 71g of CL2 has 22.4l
Y of Cl2 has V
V= (Y x 22.4L) / 71 where y=?
From the chemical equation
117 / 5.85 = 71 / Y
Y= (71x5.85) / 117
= 3.55
V= (3.55x22.4) / 71
= 1.12L
So, the volume of the reacted gas at STP is 1.12L
how should you transport a beaker or flask of hexanes if you need to move it out of the hood?
Transporting a beaker or flask of hexanes out of a hood requires proper precautions to minimize the risk of spillage and exposure. Use a carrier appropriate for the size and shape of the container, hold it securely by the sides, and keep it upright and steady during transport.
Handling and transporting chemicals in a laboratory is an essential part of experimental work. However, some chemicals can pose hazards if not handled properly.
Hexanes are a type of organic solvent commonly used in chemical laboratories. They are flammable and can pose a fire hazard if not handled properly. When transporting a beaker or flask of hexanes out of a hood, it is essential to take precautions to minimize the risk of spillage and exposure.
Firstly, before transporting the beaker or flask, make sure that the lid or stopper is securely in place. This will prevent the hexanes from splashing out of the container during transport. If the beaker or flask does not have a lid or stopper, use a watch glass or a piece of aluminum foil to cover the opening.
Next, use a suitable carrier to transport the beaker or flask. A carrier is a specialized tool designed to hold laboratory glassware securely during transport. There are various types of carriers available, including rubber grippers, tongs, and padded clamps. Choose the carrier that is appropriate for the size and shape of the beaker or flask you are transporting.
When picking up the beaker or flask, use two hands and hold it securely by the sides. Avoid holding it by the neck or lip, as this can increase the risk of spillage. Once the beaker or flask is securely in the carrier, lift it out of the hood and transport it to the desired location.
During transport, keep the beaker or flask upright and steady to minimize the risk of spillage. Avoid walking quickly or turning sharply, as this can cause the hexanes to slosh around and spill out of the container.
Once you have reached your destination, carefully place the beaker or flask on a stable surface and remove the carrier. If you need to transfer the hexanes to another container, do so using a suitable transfer pipette or funnel. By following these guidelines, you can safely transport hexanes and other chemicals in a laboratory setting.
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Select the correct answer
Giving brainliest
Answer:
it is the bowling ball is the correct one
what descriptive term is applied to the type of diene represented by 1,5-octadiene? isolated diene cumulated diene alkynyl diene conjugated diene none of the above
Conjugated diene is the descriptive term applied to the type of diene represented by 1,5-octadiene.
Option (D) is correct.
A conjugated diene refers to a diene molecule where the double bonds are separated by only one single bond. In the case of 1,5-octadiene, it has two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, giving it the structure: CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₃.
Conjugated dienes are known for their unique reactivity due to the delocalization of pi electrons across the double bonds. This delocalization allows for enhanced stability and different reaction pathways compared to other types of dienes.
Isolated dienes have their double bonds separated by more than one single bond, while cumulated dienes have double bonds adjacent to each other with no intervening single bonds. Alkynyl dienes refer to dienes with an alkyne group (triple bond) present. None of these terms accurately describe 1,5-octadiene. So, the correct answer D) Conjugated diene.
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Complete question is:
Which descriptive term is applied to the type of diene represented by 1,5-octadiene?
A) Isolated diene
B) Cumulated diene
C) Alkynyl diene
D) Conjugated diene
E) None of the above
A McLeod gauge measures low gas pressures by com- pressing a known volume of the gas at constant temperature. If 345 cm of gas is compressed to a volume of 0.0457 cm³ under a pressure of 2.51 kPa, what was the original gas pressure?
The pressure of a gas is the force that the gas exerts on the walls of its container.
How do you determine the initial pressure of a gas?Let’s start with the ideal gas law, PV = nRT. In this equation, ‘P’ represents atmospheric pressure, ‘V’ represents volume in liters, ‘n’ represents the number of particles in moles, ‘T’ represents temperature in Kelvin, and ‘R’ represents the ideal gas constant (0.0821 liter atmospheres per moles Kelvin). The force that a gas exerts on the walls of its container is defined as its pressure.
When you blow air into a balloon, it expands because the pressure of air molecules on the interior of the balloon is greater than on the outside. Pressure is a characteristic that governs the direction of mass flow.
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A 4.5L container of gas has a pressure of 3.0 atm at a temperature of 100 C. The container is expanded to 6L, and the temperature is increased to 200 C.
A) 2.85 atm
B) 5.3 atm
C) 1.05 atm
D) 100 K
The half-life of Francium (Fr-223) is 22 minutes. If 60 grams is present now, how much is left in 30 minutes? Round to the nearest tenth. A. 23.3 grams B. 30.0 grams C. 18.5 grams D. 24.7 grams E. 22.9 grams F. None of the above
In radioactive decay, approximately 24.7 grams of Francium-223 would be left after 30 minutes. The correct answer is D. 24.7 grams.
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for radioactive decay:
N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/T)
where N is the amount of radioactive material at time t, N0 is the initial amount of radioactive material, T is the half-life, and t is the elapsed time.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
N = 60 * (1/2)^(30/22)
N ≈ 24.7
Therefore, approximately 24.7 grams of Francium-223 would be left after 30 minutes.
Alternatively, the half-life of Francium (Fr-223) is 22 minutes. Given that 60 grams is present now, after one half-life (22 minutes), 30 grams would be left. In 30 minutes, 8 more minutes would have passed after the first half-life. To find the amount left, we can use the formula:
Final amount = Initial amount * (1/2)^(time passed / half-life)
Final amount = 30 * (1/2)^(8/22) ≈ 24.7 grams
So, the correct answer is D. 24.7 grams.
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