In which of the following atoms are valence electrons in the lowest average potential energy states?

Cl
Br
F
I

Answer:

Answer C

Explanation:

Got it off of q**zlet ;)

Answer

Its C confirmed

Explanation:

Just did the test

In the balanced equation \(2C_{2} H_{6}\) + \(7 O_{2}\) --> \(4 CO_{2}\) + \(6H_{2}O\) if 21 g of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) reacts with 32 g O₂, C₂H6 is the limiting reactant.

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the amount of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation.

Let's calculate the number of moles for each reactant using their molar masses:

For \(C_{2} H_{6}\) (ethane):

Molar mass of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) = 30.07 g/mol

Number of moles of C₂H6 = 21 g / 30.07 g/mol ≈ 0.698 mol

For O₂ (oxygen):

Molar mass of O₂ = 2(16.00 g/mol) = 32.00 g/mol

Number of moles of O₂ = 32 g / 32.00 g/mol = 1.00 mol

Next, we compare the moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation:

2 moles of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) react with 7 moles of O₂ to produce 4 moles of CO₂ and 6 moles of H₂O.

From the given amounts, we have:

0.698 mol \(C_{2} H_{6}\) and 1.00 mol O₂.

Using the stoichiometric ratio, we can calculate the expected amount of CO₂ and H₂O produced for each reactant:

For C₂H6:

Expected moles of CO₂ = 0.698 mol C₂H6 * (4 mol CO₂ / 2 mol C₂H6) = 1.396 mol CO₂

For O₂:

Expected moles of CO₂ = 1.00 mol O₂ * (4 mol CO₂ / 7 mol O₂) ≈ 0.571 mol CO₂

Comparing the expected moles, we see that the calculated amount of CO₂ is greater when used \(C_{2} H_{6}\) as the limiting reactant. Therefore, the limiting reactant in this reaction is \(C_{2} H_{6}\).

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Answer:

Although they receive a bad rap from the media and pharmaceuticals, the majority of prokaryotes are either harmless or actually help eukaryotes, such as animals and plants, to survive and only a small number of species are responsible for serious illnesses.

Explanation:

Answer:

b is the correct answer

do not trust answer one

Explanation:

Answer:

New York City is susceptible to at least a magnitude 5 earthquake once every 100 years.

Explanation:

The probability of having major earthquakes or volcanoes occur in New York State is at least, one magnitude 5 earthquake can occur in New York City once every 100 years.

When two chunks of the ground abruptly slide past one another, an earthquake results. The fault or fault plane is the area where they slide.

Earthquakes often result from subsurface rock breaking unexpectedly and fast movement along a fault. The seismic waves that cause the ground to tremble are brought on by this quick release of energy.

The Circum-Pacific Belt, often known as the Ring of Fire, is a region in the Pacific Ocean marked by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The Ring of Fire is where most of Earth's earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

Thus, at least, one magnitude 5 earthquake can occur in New York City once every 100 years.

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Answer: 27.85 L

Explanation:

Ideal gas law

V = nRT/P

V = 1.07 X 0.0821 X 317 / 1=  27.85 L

The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of 1.0 x 10⁻³ M of solution is 7.002. pH is a unitless quantity. Therefore, pH of acid is 1.88 and pOH of base is 12.12.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.

LiOH + HCl \(\rightarrow\) LiCl + H\(_2\)O

moles of Lithium =7 grams÷6.941 g/mol

                           =1.00mole

total volume of solution = 7 liters + 0.5L

                                        = 7.5l

concentration of HCl =1.00/7.5l=0.13mol/l

pH=-log [OH⁻ ]

substituting the values

pH=-log 0.13

pH=1.88

pOH= 14-pH

      = 14-1.88

      =12.12

Therefore, pH of acid is 1.88 and pOH of base is 12.12.

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Answer:

vibration of particles...........

the maximum amount of product that can be formed is 124.39 g SO₃, and there will be 36.8 g of excess O₂ left over.

To find the amount of excess reagent, you need to first determine which reactant is limiting and which is in excess.

Determine the limiting reagent:

Use stoichiometry to determine how much product can be formed from each reactant:

mol SO2:

2 SO₂ + O₂ -> 2 SO₃

2 mol SO₃/2 mol SO₂ = 1 mol SO₃/mol SO₂

1 mol SO₃ = 80.06 g SO₍₃₎

From 2.7 mol O₂

2 SO₂ + O₂ -> 2 SO₃

1 mol SO₃/1 mol O₂ = 1 mol SO₃/mol O₂

1 mol SO₃ = 80.06 g SO₃

2.7 mol O₂ x (1 mol SO₂/1 mol O₂) x (80.06 g SO₂/mol SO₂) = 216.45 g SO₂

Since the amount of SO₂ produced from 3.1 mol of SO₂ is less than the amount produced from 2.7 mol of O₂, SO₂ is the limiting reagent.

Calculate the amount of excess reagent:

To find the amount of excess O₂, use the balanced equation to determine how much O₂ is required to react with all of the SO₂:

2 SO₂ + O₂ -> 2 SO

3.1 mol SO2 x (1 mol O₂/2 mol SO2) = 1.55 mol O₂

Subtract the amount of O₂ used from the initial amount of O₂:

2.7 mol O₂ - 1.55 mol O2 = 1.15 mol O₂

Finally, convert the excess O₂ to mass:

1.15 mol O₂ x 32.00 g/mol = 36.8 g O₂

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Answer:

I think it's D. 300(g) + Fe2O3(s)

Therefore, the volume of 1.20 M FeCl₂ required to obtain 0.850 moles of Cl⁻ ions is 0.354 L.

What is Moles?

One mole of a substance is defined as the amount of that substance that contains the same number of entities, such as atoms, molecules, or ions, as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12. This number, known as Avogadro's number, is approximately 6.022 x 10²³.

The molecular formula for FeCl₂ shows that it contains 2 chloride ions (Cl⁻) for each FeCl₂ molecule. Therefore, the number of moles of Cl⁻ ions is twice the number of moles of FeCl₂.

Given that we want to obtain 0.850 moles of Cl⁻ ions, we can calculate the number of moles of FeCl₂ required as follows:

moles of FeCl₂ = 0.850 moles Cl⁻ ions / 2 = 0.425 moles FeCl₂

To calculate the volume of 1.20 M FeCl₂ required to obtain 0.425 moles, we can use the formula:

moles = concentration (in M) x volume (in L)

Rearranging this formula to solve for volume, we get:

volume (in L) = moles / concentration (in M)

Substituting the values we have, we get:

volume (in L) = 0.425 moles / 1.20 M = 0.354 L

Therefore, the volume of 1.20 M FeCl₂ required to obtain 0.850 moles of Cl⁻ ions is 0.354 L.

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These are the formal charges for compounds 1 and 2:

The formal charge of an atom is the charge that an atom would have if all of the electrons in a bond were shared equally. To calculate the formal charge of an atom, use the following formula:

formal charge = valence electrons - (bond electrons / 2) - non-bonding electrons

In compound 1, the nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons, 3 bond electrons (one from each of the two C-N bonds), and 0 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the nitrogen atom is 0.

The oxygen atom in compound 1 has 6 valence electrons, 2 bond electrons (one from each of the two C-O bonds), and 4 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the oxygen atom is -1.

The chlorine atom in compound 1 has 7 valence electrons, 1 bond electron (from the C-Cl bond), and 6 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the chlorine atom is -1.

In compound 2, the nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons, 1 bond electron (from the N-O bond), and 4 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the nitrogen atom is +1.

The oxygen atom in compound 2 has 6 valence electrons, 2 bond electrons (one from the N-O bond and one from the C=O bond), and 0 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the oxygen atom is -1.

The carbon atoms in both compounds have 4 valence electrons, 4 bond electrons, and 0 non-bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge on the carbon atoms is 0.

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Answer:

1.364 M.

Explanation:

Molarity formula: M= n/v, where n is moles of solute, and v is liters of solution.

Now, we need to convert the grams of nickel to moles and the volume of water to liters.

125mL/1000= 0.125 L.

To convert nickel grams to moles, we need to take a look at it's chemical formula, which is:

\(Ni(NO_{3} )_{2}\)

Now we count how many molecules of each element we have:

Ni= 1

N= 2

O= 6

Calculate the weight (g) of each element (the values of g/mol can be found on the periodic table and they may vary slightly between one table and the other):

Ni: (1) (58.6934)= 58.6934

N= (2) (14.007)= 28.014

O= (6) (15.999)= 95.994

Sum all the values to obtain the total weight of 1 mole of this compound:

58.6934+28.014+95.994= 129(g/mole)

Now that we know the that 129 grams equal 1 mole of nickel(II) nitrate, we can convert the 22.0 g to moles:

129g ------- 1 mole

22.0g ----- x

x= (22*1)/129= 0.1705 moles.

Now, we have all the values needed to calculate the molarity of this solution. All we have to do is substitute the values in the formula:

M= (0.1705 moles) / (0.125 L)= 1.364 M.

Answer: I don't know this hard

Explanation:

The k sp expressions for the reactions is Ks is [Ca2+]3 and [PO4 3+]2.Ks (solubility product) is the result of multiplying the calcium ion concentration by the phosphate ion concentration.

Ks (solubility product) is the result of multiplying the calcium ion concentration by the phosphate ion concentration. When salt is introduced to water, it dissolves and the molecules split apart into ions. The following equation can be used to express it:

Ca3(PO4)2(s) <—> 2PO4 3+ with 3Ca2+ (aq)

The molecule's state is indicated by the letters s and aq. S stands for solid, and AQ for aqueous.

K = [D]d. [C]c/ [A]a. [B]b is the formula used to represent this constant in chemical equilibrium.

One further thing to keep in mind is that the constant only accounts for gases and aqueous molecules; solids and liquids have no bearing on it. In the equation, values are replaced by 1, and the constant is not affected by solids or liquids.

Since Ca3(PO4)2 is now solid, it has no effect on Ks; in this situation, the only relevant concentrations are those of Ca and PO4. This ions' expression of Ks is because they are products.

Ks=[Ca2+]3 and [PO4 3+]2.

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Human activities are responsible for almost all of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the last 150 years. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in the United States is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation.

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

Answer:

Explanation:

Lead (II) chloride and lead (IV) chloride have different charges on the lead and chloride ions in each compound.

In lead (II) chloride, also known as plumbous chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +2 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (II) chloride is PbCl2.

In lead (IV) chloride, also known as plumbic chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +4 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (IV) chloride is PbCl4.

So the key difference between these two compounds is the oxidation state of the lead ion. In lead (II) chloride, the lead ion has a +2 oxidation state, while in lead (IV) chloride, the lead ion has a +4 oxidation state.

The best explanation for the increase in the number of plants with long, narrow flowers over time is option D: Individuals with long, narrow flowers produce more seeds than individuals with short, wide flowers.

In this population, short, wide flowers are better suited for bee pollination, while long, narrow flowers are more suitable for hummingbird pollination. Over time, the plants with long, narrow flowers produce more seeds compared to those with short, wide flowers.

This happens because the hummingbirds, which are the main pollinators for long, narrow flowers, are more effective in transferring pollen between these flowers. As a result, the long, narrow flower individuals have a higher reproductive success and pass on their traits to the next generation

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Answer

pH = 8.12

Explanation

pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log [7.60 x 10^-9 M]

pH = 8.12

The element of phosphorus is having atomic number 15. So, there are 15 protons and 15 electrons. In the P-32 isotope, there are 17 (32 - 15 = 17) neutrons

The nucleus of P-32(phosphorus-32) contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons

one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus and phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly.

Key Points:

1. Atoms: Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, while electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.

3. You can easily find the number of neutrons if you know the isotope of the atom. You have to subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from the mass number to find the remaining neutrons.

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Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image

Answer:

The rate constant is  \(k_d = 3.44*10^{10} \ L \cdot mol^{-1} s^{-1}\)

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

The values for an enzyme is given as

     \(D_1 = 1.00 *10^{-7} \ cm^2 s^{-1}\)

     \(r_1 = 40.0 \r A = 40*10^{-8} cm\)

The values of a small molecular substrate is

     \(D_2 = 1.00 *10^{-5} \ cm^2 s^{-1}\)

      \(r_2 = 5.00 \r A = 5.00*10^{-8} \ cm\)

The equation relating the rate constant  is

      \(k_d = 4 \pi N_A (D_1 +D_2) (r_1 +r_2)\)

substituting values

      \(k_d = 4 \pi (6.022 *10^{23})(1 *10^{-7} * 1*10^{-5} (40*10^{-8} + 5*10^{-8}))\)

     \(k_d = 3.44*10^{10} \ L \cdot mol^{-1} s^{-1}\)

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question.

When 2.10 g of a certain molecular compound X are dissolved in 65.0 g of benzene (C₆H₆), the freezing point of the solution is measured to be 3.5°C. Calculate the molar mass of X. If you need any additional information on benzene, use only what you find in the ALEKS Data resource. Also, be sure your answer has a unit symbol, and is rounded to 2 significant digits.

Answer: MM = 47.30 g/mol.

Explanation: There is a relationship between freezing point depression and molality. With this last one, is possible to calculate molar mass or molar weight of a compound.

Freezing Point Depression occurs when a solute is added to a solvent: the freezing point of the solvent decreases when a non-volatile solute is incremented.

Molality or molal concentration is a quantity of solute dissolved in a certain mass, in kg, of solvent. Its symbol is m and it's defined as

\(m=\frac{moles(solute)}{kg(solvent)}\)

Freezing point depression and molal are related as the following:

\(\Delta T_{f}=K_{f}.m\)

where

\(\Delta T_{f}\) is freezing point depression of solution

\(K_{f}\) is molal freezing point depression constant

m is molality

Now, to determine molar mass, first, find molality of the mixture:

\(\Delta T_{f}=K_{f}.m\)

\(m=\frac{\Delta T_{f}}{K_{f}}\)

For benzene, constant is 5.12°C/molal. Then

\(m=\frac{3.5}{5.12}\)

m = 0.683 molal

Second, knowing the relationship between molal and moles of solute, determine the last one:

\(m=\frac{moles(solute)}{kg(solvent)}\)

\(mol(solute)=m.kg(solvent)\)

mol(solute) = 0.683(0.065)

mol(solute) = 0.044 mol

The definition for Molar mass is the mass in grams of 1 mol of substance:

\(n(moles)=\frac{m(g)}{MM(g/mol)}\)

\(MM=\frac{m}{n}\)

In the mixture, there are 0.044 moles of X, so its molecular mass is

\(MM=\frac{2.1}{0.044}\)

MM = 47.30 g/mol

The molecular compound X has molecular mass of 47.30 g/mol.

a)There are 0.45 moles of HNO₃ in the bottle.

b)Approximately 13 ml of the solution are required for the reaction.

a. To find the number of moles of HNO₃  in the bottle, we can use the formula:

moles = concentration (M) x volume (L)

Given that the concentration of the nitric acid solution is 6.0 M and the volume is 75.0 ml, we need to convert the volume to liters:

75.0 ml = 75.0 ml x (1 L/1000 ml) = 0.075 L

Now, we can calculate the number of moles:

moles = 6.0 M x 0.075 L = 0.45 moles

So, there are 0.45 moles of HNO₃  in the bottle.

b. To determine the volume of solution required for 5.00 g of HNO3, we need to use the molar mass of HNO3 to convert grams to moles:

moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Given that the molar mass of HNO₃  is 63.01 g/mol and the mass required is 5.00 g, we can calculate the number of moles:

moles = 5.00 g / 63.01 g/mol ≈ 0.079 moles

Now, we can use the concentration to find the volume:

volume (L) = moles / concentration (M)

volume (L) = 0.079 moles / 6.0 M ≈ 0.013 L

Finally, we need to convert the volume to milliliters:

volume (ml) = 0.013 L x (1000 ml/1 L) ≈ 13 ml

So, approximately 13 ml of the solution are required for the reaction.

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Review and analyze the data recorded during the experiment to draw conclusions and better understand the types of  physical and  chemical changes that occurred.

Step 1: Organize your data in a table format in your lab notebook or the space provided.
Step 2: Record the initial material, Calcium carbonate.
Step 3: When Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, the changes observed would be the formation of bubbles and fizzing. This is a chemical change due to the formation of a new substance, calcium chloride, and the release of carbon dioxide gas.
Step 4: For water, there is no reaction observed. This step represents a physical change, as water does not alter the chemical composition of the other materials.
Step 5: When Copper sulfate pentahydrate is added to water, the change observed is the dissolution of the solid into the water, forming a blue solution. This is a physical change because the chemical composition of the copper sulfate remains the same.
Step 6: When Iron filings and sulfur are mixed together, no observable change occurs. This is a physical change since the individual substances are not chemically reacting.
Step 7: When Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide, a yellow precipitate (Lead iodide) forms. This is a chemical change due to the formation of new substances.
Step 8: When Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, the change observed is the formation of bubbles and the disappearance of the magnesium. This is a chemical change due to the formation of magnesium chloride and the release of hydrogen gas.
Step 9: When a candle is burned, the change observed is the flame and the production of heat and light. This is a chemical change as new substances are formed, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Remember to review and analyze the data recorded during the experiment to draw conclusions and better understand the types of changes (physical or chemical) that occurred.

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Answer:

108.81 K

Explanation:

First convert 17 °C to Kelvin:

Assuming ideal behaviour, we can solve this problem by using the combined gas law, which states that at constant composition:

Where in this case:

We input the data:

And solve for T₂:

Explanation:

          Whenever an ion in a solution is common for any two different salts, a common ion effect is formed that serves as the sources. Further addition of the common ion that is the product of a dissolution of the first. Adding the product ion decreases the solubility for the 1st salt.

           Equilibrium made between the reactants as well as the products are described by the equilibrium constant. This expression for the insoluble salt is written using the rules that were used for other equilibriums. Equilibrium constant is known as the solubility product, Ksp.

           The interactions between the ions are the results of the activity effects. The ion's activity is influenced by the surrounding. In case of water molecule, the activity of the ion has different values from the one in the middle of the counterion cloud. The Ksp values are used to decide for the order of the precipitation of any two or more of insoluble salts.

The molar mass of Zr2Se3 is 419.28 g.

Zirconium is one of the element of the periodic table. The atomic number of Zirconium is 40 and 91.2g has its atomic mass. The electronic configuration of Zirconium is [Kr] 4d² 5s².

Since the last electron fall in 5 s. Therefore, it belongs to s block and its period is 5.

There are 2 electron in its outermost shell. It lose two electrons to get stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it lose two electrons and thus it belongs to 2nd group element.

Selenium is one of the element of the periodic table. The atomic number of Selenium is 34 and 78.96g has its atomic mass. The electronic configuration of Selenium is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p4.

Since the last electron fall in 4 p. Therefore, it belongs to p block and its period is 4.

There are 6 electron in its outermost shell. Two more electrons are required to get stable electronic configuration. Therefore, it accept two electrons and thus it belongs to 16th group element.

There are two atoms of Zr and 3 atoms of Se Thus,

(2 × 91.2g) + ( 3 × 78.96g)

= 182.4 + 236.88

= 419.28 g

Thus, we concluded that the molar mass of Zr2Se3 is 419.28 g.

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