The longitudinal stability of an aircraft is affected by the degree of positive camber of the aerofoil in a positive way, as explained in option B.
What if the positive camber of an aerofoil increases?When the positive camber of an aerofoil increases, it results in the lift vector rotating backward at increasing angles of attack.
This rotation causes a stabilizing effect, as the aircraft's nose tends to pitch down when the angle of attack increases, preventing excessive pitch-up and reducing the risk of a stall.
Therefore, the presence of positive camber in the aerofoil contributes to the overall longitudinal stability of the aircraft by altering the lift vector's behavior at increasing angles of attack.
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Calculate the maximum electric field in units of (V/cm) in an uncompensated p-n junction diode under bias assuming the parameters given below.
• Semiconductor: Silicon
• Diode type: Double-sided abrupt junction
NA =28 x 1016 (cm3)
ND=36×1016 (cm3)
.
• Bias: V=-1.5 (Volts)
Temperature: 300K
.
As something of a result, the highest electric field in an unpaid labor p-n junction diode is around 8.93 x 104 V/cm. To calculate the maximum electric field (Emax) in an uncompensated p-n junction diode, we can use the following formula:
Emax = V / W
Where V is the applied bias voltage and W is the depletion width of the diode.
The depletion width can be calculated using the following formula for a double-sided abrupt junction:
W = [(2εε0 / q) * (NA*ND / (NA+ND)) * (Vbi + V)]^0.5
Where ε is the permittivity of silicon, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, q is the charge of an electron, NA is the acceptor doping concentration, ND is the donor doping concentration, Vbi is the built-in potential, and V is the applied bias voltage.
We can first calculate the built-in potential using the following formula:
Vbi = (kT / q) * ln(NA*ND / ni^2)
Where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon at 300K, which is approximately 1.5 x 10^10 (cm^-3).
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Vbi = (8.617 x 10^-5 eV/K * 300K / 1.602 x 10^-19 C) * ln(28 x 10^16 cm^-3 * 36 x 10^16 cm^-3 / (1.5 x 10^10 cm^-3)^2)
≈ 0.787 V
Next, we can calculate the depletion width using the formula above:
W = [(2εε0 / q) * (NA*ND / (NA+ND)) * (Vbi + V)]^0.5
= [(2 * 11.7 * 8.854 x 10^-14 F/cm / 1.602 x 10^-19 C) * (28 x 10^16 cm^-3 * 36 x 10^16 cm^-3 / (28 x 10^16 cm^-3 + 36 x 10^16 cm^-3)) * (0.787 V - 1.5 V)]^0.5
≈ 0.168 µm
Finally, we can calculate the maximum electric field using the formula at the beginning:
Emax = V / W
= -1.5 V / (0.168 µm * 10^-4 cm/µm)
≈ -8.93 x 10^4 V/cm
Therefore, the maximum electric field in AP the uncompensated p-n junction diode is approximately 8.93 x 10^4 V/cm.
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Briefly explain thermal expansion using the potential energy–versus–interatomic spacing curve.
As the temperature of the material increases, the potential energy of the molecules increases. Thermal expansion occurs due to changes in temperature, and interatomic distances increase as potential energy increases.
What are the uses of Thermal Expansion?Thermal expansion is used in a variety of applications such as rail buckling, engine coolant, mercury thermometers, joint expansion, and others.
It is to be noted that an application of the concept of liquid expansion in everyday life concerns liquid thermometers. As the heat rises, the mercury or alcohol in the thermometer tube moves in only one direction. As the heat decreases, the liquid moves back smoothly.
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please I need dhelp asap
What is the shape of an airplane wing called?
air raid
airport
airfoil
Answer:
the answer is airfoil
Explanation:
hope the answer helps
Answer:
It is called the airfoil
Explanation:
The answer is D. ( airfoil) because an airport is a place. Air raid is a attack in the air and that only leaves airfoil, so airfoil is the correct answer.(Hoped that helped)
you can demonstrate your commitment to servicing internal customers by
Providing timely, accurate responses; actively listening; seeking continuous feedback and improvement.
How can you demonstrate your commitment to servicing internal customers?Demonstrating commitment to servicing internal customers involves adopting a customer-centric approach towards colleagues and other internal stakeholders within an organization.
Here are some ways to showcase this commitment:
Providing timely and accurate responses: Responding promptly to internal customer inquiries, requests, or issues is essential. It shows respect for their time and demonstrates that their needs are a priority. Additionally, ensuring the accuracy of information and delivering reliable solutions contribute to a positive customer experience.Actively listening to their needs: Actively listening to internal customers involves attentively understanding their concerns, challenges, and requirements. It entails giving them undivided attention, asking relevant questions, and demonstrating empathy. By doing so, you can better comprehend their needs and tailor your services accordingly.Seeking continuous feedback and improvement: Regularly seeking feedback from internal customers enables you to assess the effectiveness of your services. It shows that you value their opinions and are committed to enhancing their experience. Actively seeking suggestions for improvement and implementing changes based on feedback helps build stronger relationships and ensures that their evolving needs are met.By incorporating these practices, you can demonstrate your commitment to servicing internal customers, fostering a positive work environment, and building strong relationships within the organization.
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Calculate the rms value.
Answer:
(√6)/3 ≈ 0.8165
Explanation:
The RMS value is the square root of the mean of the square of the waveform over one period. It will be ...
\(\displaystyle\sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\left(\int_{\frac{T}{4}}^{\frac{3T}{4}}{1^2}\,dt+\int_{\frac{3t}{4}}^{\frac{5t}{4}}{(\frac{-4}{T}}(t-T))^2\,dt\right)}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\left(\frac{T}{2}+\left.\frac{16}{T^2}\cdot\frac{1}{3}(t-T)^3\right|_{\frac{3t}{4}}^{\frac{5t}{4}}\right)}\\\\=\sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\left(\frac{T}{2}+\frac{T}{6}\right)}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}=\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}\approx0.8165}\)
A bronze bushing 60 mm in outer diameter and 40 mm in inner diameter is to be pressed into a hollow steel cylinder of 120-mm outer diameter. Calculate the tangential stresses for steel and bronze at the boundary between the two parts
Answer:
The tangential stress for the steel at 30mm = 88.8MPa.
The tangential stress for the steel at 60mm = 35.5 MPa.
The tangential stress for the bronze at 20mm = - 191.9 MPa.
The tangential stress for the bronze at 30mm = - 138.6 MPa.
Explanation:
The outer radius bronze bushing = 60 mm/2 = 30 mm, the inner radius for bronze bushing = 40mm/2 = 20mm and the cylinder radius = 120mm/2 = 60mm.
Step one: The first step is to calculate or Determine the interface pressure.
The interface pressure = 0.05/ [ [ 30 × ( 1/210 ×10⁹) ] × [( 60² + 30²/ ( 60² - 30²) + 0.3 ] + [ 1/105 × 10⁹× [ ( 20² + 30²)/( 30² - 20²) - 0.3] ].
The interface pressure = 53.3 MPa
Step two: Determine the tangential stresses for steel and bronze as given below:
The tangential stress for the steel at 30mm = 10⁶ × 53.3 [ ( 0.06)² + (0.03)²/ ( 0.06)² - (0.03)² ] = 88.8 MPa.
The tangential stress for the steel at 60mm = 10⁶ × 53.3 × 2 × [0.03]²/ ( 0.06)² - (0.03)² ] = 35.5 MPa.
The tangential stresses for the bronze is calculated below;
=> The tangential stress for the bronze at 20mm = - [ 10⁶ × 53.3 × 2 × [0.03]² ] / ( 0.03)² - (0.02)² ] = - 191.9 MPa.
The tangential stress for the bronze at 30mm = - [ 10⁶ × 53.3 × [ 0.03]² + (0.03)² ] / ( 0.03)² - (0.02)² ] = - 138.6 MPa.
In the case of an automobile electric system, the chassis of the vehicle is the ___________ side of the circuit.
Answer:
ground
Explanation:
In modern cars, the chassis is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and provides the "ground" or "return" for the circuit.
Answer:
ground
Explanation:
Refrigerant-22 absorbs heat from a cooled space at 50°F as it flows through an evaporator of a refrigeration system. R-22 enters the evaporator at 10°F at a rate of 0.08 lbm/s with a quality of 0.3 and leaves as a saturated vapor at the same pressure. Determine:
a. The rate of cooling provided, in Btu/h.
b. The rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator.
c. The second-law efficiency of the evaporator.
Take T0 = 77°F. The properties of R-22 at the inlet and exit of the evaporator are: h1 = 107.5 Btu/lbm, s1 = 0.2851 Btu/lbm·R, h2 = 172.1 Btu/ lbm, s^2 = 0.4225 Btu/lbm·R.
Answer:
a) the rate of cooling provided is 18604.8 Btu/h
b) the rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator is 0.46 Btu/Ibm
c) the second-law efficiency of the evaporator is 37.39%
Explanation:
Given that;
Temperature of sink TL = 50°F = 510 R
Temperature at evaporator inlet TI = 10°F = 470 R
mass flow rate m" = 0.08 lbm/s
quality of refrigerant at evaporator inlet x1 = 0.3
quality of refrigerant at evaporator exit x2 = 1.0
T₀ = 77°F = 537 R
h1 = 107.5 Btu/lbm
s1 = 0.2851 Btu/lbm·R,
h2 = 172.1 Btu/ lbm,
s2 = 0.4225 Btu/lbm·R.
a) rate of cooling provided, in Btu/h.
QL = m"( h2 - h1)
we substitute
QL = 0.08( 172.1 - 107.5
= 0.08 × 64.6
= 5.168 Btu/s
we convert to Btu/h
5.168 × 60 × 60
QL = 18604.8 Btu/h
Therefore the rate of cooling provided is 18604.8 Btu/h
b) The rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator
Entropy generation can be expressed as;
S_gen = m"(s2 - s1) - QL/TL
so we substitute
S_gen = 0.08( 0.4225 - 0.2851 ) - 5.168 / 510
= 0.010992 - 0.01013
S_gen = 0.00086 Btu/ibm.R
now the energy destroyed expressed as;
X_dest = T₀ × S_gen
so
X_dest = 537 × 0.00086
X_dest = 0.46 Btu/Ibm
Therefore the rate of exergy destruction in the evaporator is 0.46 Btu/Ibm
c) The second-law efficiency of the evaporator.
Energy expended is expressed as;
X_exp = m"(h1 - h2) - m"T₀(s1 - s2)
we substitute
= 0.08( 107.5 - 172.1 ) - [0.08 × 537 ( 0.2851 - 0.4225 )
= -5.168 - [ - 5.9027)
= -5.168 + 5.9027
= 0.7347 Btu/s
Now second law efficiency is expressed as;
nH = 1 - (X_dest / X_esp)
= 1 - ( 0.46 / 0.7347 )
= 1 - 0.6261
= 0.3739
nH = 37.39%
Therefore the second-law efficiency of the evaporator is 37.39%
check engine light is illuminated on the instrument panel. what action should you take
Answer:
Connect your computer to the OBD(On-Board Diagnostics) port and see whats wrong
Explanation:
im a mekanic
mechanik
mecanic
meckanic
nvm, I fix cars
Throw a rangeerror exception if any of the numbers is greater than 50. Throw an error exception if the parameter has less than 2 elements.
Throw a RangeError exception if any of the numbers is greater than 75. Throw an Error exception if the parameter has less than 4 elements 1 function processNumbers (numList) // Code will be tested with different values of numList var result = 0; 4 for (var indexindex
The javascript code that satisfies the given question that throws a range error exception if any of the numbers is greater than 50. is given below
The Programfunction processNumbers(numList) {
var result = 0;
if (numList.length < 4)
throw new Error();
for (var index = 0; index < numList.length; index++) {
if (numList[index] > 75)
throw new RangeError();
result += numList[index] * 1.3 * index;
}
return result;
}
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Which of these include some basic characteristics of taxi services? (Select all that apply.)Transactions are often negotiated at the time of use.Many taxi services are one-person and mom-and-pop businesses.Few taxi services are as extensive in range as either urban mass transit orcommercial airlines options.They do not usually involve long-term planning, beyond a single use.
The basic characteristic of the taxi service is that some taxi services are as extensive in range as either urban mass transit or commercial airlines.
Waht is a taxi service?A taxi is a cab that one hired b a single person or a group and they have a nonshared ride. The taxi service is found in various international destinations all over the world and especially at the airports, restaurants and hotels. Some place's taxi services are extensive and include the urban transits.
Find out more informaion about the taxi services.
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A tiger cub has a pattern of stripes on it for that is similar to that of his parents where are the instructions stored that provide information for a tigers for a pattern
probably in it's chromosomes
Wagons are assembled in a process with two resources. The first resource has a capacity of 15 wagons per hour. The capacity of the second resource is 7.9 wagons per hour. The first resource has 1 worker and the second resource has 5 workers. Demand for this process is 5.2 wagons per hour.
What is the average labor utilization (%)? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
The average labor utilization is approximately 16.7% (rounded to 1 decimal place).Therefore, the correct option is: 16.7.
The formula to calculate the average labor utilization (%) is:Average Labor Utilization = (Total Production Time / Total Labor Time) * 100First, let's calculate the total production time.Total Production Time = Demand / Production RateTotal Production Time = 5.2 / 7.9Total Production Time = 0.6582 hourNow, let's calculate the total labor time of the first resource.Total Labor Time of First Resource = Total Production TimeTotal Labor Time of First Resource = 0.6582 hourTotal Labor Time of Second Resource = Total Production Time * Number of WorkersTotal Labor Time of Second Resource = 0.6582 hour * 5Total Labor Time of Second Resource = 3.291 hourNow, let's calculate the total labor time.Total Labor Time = Total Labor Time of First Resource + Total Labor Time of Second ResourceTotal Labor Time = 0.6582 hour + 3.291 hourTotal Labor Time = 3.9492 hourNow, let's calculate the average labor utilization.Average Labor Utilization = (Total Production Time / Total Labor Time) * 100Average Labor Utilization = (0.6582 / 3.9492) * 100Average Labor Utilization = 16.666666666666668.
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If two motors are to be started at the same time, the standby power system must have the capacity to provide the _____ of the starting kilovolt-ampere values for the two motors *
Answer:
Sum.
Explanation:
An electric motor can be defined as a machine which is typically used for the conversion or transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Basically, the mode of operation of an electric motor is simply to supply the motor with an alternating current (AC) voltage to one end, which is then used to power the axle (metal rod) at the other end of the motor.
Two motors can be made to run simultaneously in a synchronous manner through the use of a standby power system that provides the required level of power (alternating current and voltage).
Thus, if two motors are to be started at the same time, the standby power system must have the capacity to provide the sum of the starting kilovolt-ampere (KVA) values for the TWO motors.
QUESTION 1 A thread has a basic size of 10 mm and is a course series. What is the pitch? QUESTION 2 A thread has a basic size of 12 mm and is a fine series. What is the number of threads per mm? QUESTION 3 A thread has a basic size of 10 mm and is a course series. What is the number of threads per mm? QUESTION 4 A thread has a basic size of 20 mm and is a fine series. What is the pitch? QUESTION 5 A thread has a basic size of 12 mm and is a fine series. What is the pitch?
A thread has a basic size of 10 mm and is a course series. Pitch = 1 mmA screw thread is a ridge that wraps around a rod or a shaft. Threads have various dimensions such as major diameter, minor diameter, pitch diameter, pitch, and flank angles.
A screw thread is used to form fasteners like bolts, screws, and nuts.The pitch of a thread is the distance between the two neighboring crest (or root) of a thread. It is denoted by P. For metric threads, it is expressed in millimeters. To determine the pitch of a thread, use the formula below;P = 1 / n, where n is the number of threads per unit length in millimeters.Example 1:Basic size = 10 mmCourse seriesNumber of threads per mm = 1 / pitch, since it's a course series. Pitch = 1 mm.
Example 2:Basic size = 12 mmFine seriesPitch = 1 / n, where n is the number of threads per unit length.Number of threads per mm = n = 1 / pitchPitch = 1 / 1.25 mmPitch = 0.8 mmQuestion 3: A thread has a basic size of 10 mm and is a course series. The number of threads per mm = 1 thread per mmTo solve for the number of threads per mm, we will use the formula;n = 1 / pitch, where n is the number of threads per unit length.
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“Snow Cover Area change Analysis for Kabul Basin”
Summarize how GIS & Remote Sensing is incorporated in this study.
GIS
The full for GIS is : Geographic Information System.
The GIS is a system of mapping that is used to create, analyze, manage and map all the types of data.
It is a method capturing, checking as well as displaying all the data that is related to the position of the surface of earth.
Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is defined as a process where the various physical characteristics of an area are constantly monitored and detected by a process of measuring the reflection of the emitted radiations at ta distance.
The snow covered areas of the Kabul basin can be monitored and analyzed by using the process of GIS and remote sensing.
They provide a continuous source of information and data about snow covered peaks, the amount of snow to the authorities.
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Select the correct answer.
Alan is walking on a street and passes by a very busy construction site. He sees engineers hanging one end of various objects to the ceiling and the other end to heavy
weights. They observe the objects and then then take down notes. What are the engineers doing
Answer: the engineers are performing a tensile test
Explanation:
i took the test and got it right
it is possible to produce a polymer that is 100% crystalline?
Yes, it is possible to produce a polymer that is 100% crystalline. However, the process of achieving 100% crystallinity is highly dependent on the specific polymer being used and the production methods being employed. One example of a polymer that can be produced with high levels of crystallinity is PolyMet, which is a high-performance thermoplastic material. The production process for achieving high levels of crystallinity typically involves careful control of the cooling and solidification of the polymer to ensure that the molecular chains are aligned in a highly ordered fashion. Overall, achieving 100% crystallinity is a challenging process that requires careful control of multiple factors, including temperature, pressure, and processing conditions.
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why dose bob not let humans touch him one and only Ivan
. In your own words, write a definition of the term "urban sprawl." What are some common characteristics?
Answer:
kindly check the explanation section.
Explanation:
The word ''sprawl'' as it is related to people and population simply means an irregular expansion and the word ''urban'' simply means a city. So, putting both together as "urban sprawl" simply means an irregular expansion of cities or town.
Urban sprawl is majorly caused by race and land and the characteristics of urban sprawls are: [1]. there is High dependency on automobiles, [2]. the development is dispersed, and [3]. there is low density.
A rocket is launched from rest with a constant upwards acceleration of 18 m/s2. Determine its velocity after 25 seconds
Answer:
The final velocity of the rocket is 450 m/s.
Explanation:
Given;
initial velocity of the rocket, u = 0
constant upward acceleration of the rocket, a = 18 m/s²
time of motion of the rocket, t = 25 s
The final velocity of the rocket is calculated with the following kinematic equation;
v = u + at
where;
v is the final velocity of the rocket after 25 s
Substitute the given values in the equation above;
v = 0 + 18 x 25
v = 450 m/s
Therefore, the final velocity of the rocket is 450 m/s.
13. The type of building that can be built in an area would be covered in
O A. building permits.
O B. deed restrictions.
O C. sales contracts.
O D. zoning restrictions.
An equipment or process
powered by compressed air is
Answer:
An equipment or process powered by compressed air is a pneumatic tool.
Design a 3-bit R-2R digital to analogue converter with R = 1 DO
Q, the feedback resistor, Ro = 1 OD Q and the reference voltage,
Vret = 5 V. Calculate the output voltage for the input of binary
101.
The 3-bit R-2R digital to analogue converter with R=1 DOQ, Ro=1 OD Q and the reference voltage, Vret = 5 V is shown in the figure below:
The R-2R ladder network used for the 3-bit DAC can be made up of a series combination of equal valued resistors R (R=1 DOQ).
In addition, a feedback resistor Ro (Ro=1 OD Q) is connected between the output and the inverting input of the op-amp (U1).
The output voltage (Vout) is obtained at the output of the op-amp.
The output voltage of the 3-bit R-2R digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) can be calculated using the expression below:
\(V_{out} = \frac{V_{ref}}{2^{n}} \times \left( b_{2}2^{2} + b_{1}2^{1} + b_{0}2^{0}\right)\)
Where b2, b1 and b0 are the binary input bits, n is the number of bits and Vref is the reference voltage.
The binary input 101 represents the decimal number 5.
Therefore, the output voltage of the DAC can be calculated using the expression above with n=3 and Vref=5V:
\(V_{out} = \frac{5}{2^{3}} \times \left( 1\cdot2^{2} + 0\cdot2^{1} + 1\cdot2^{0}\right)\)
= \(\frac{5}{8}\cdot(4+0+1)\)
=\(\frac{25}{8} V\)
Hence, the output voltage of the 3-bit R-2R digital-to-analog converter for the input of binary 101 is 3.125 V.
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Mechanic... Mechanical Engineer... What's the difference?
Instructions: Answer the question below with at least TWO complete sentences.
Answer:
Mechanic: a person who repairs and maintains machinery
Mechanical engineers: design power-producing machines
Explanation:
plssssssssssssss Alexi is writing a program which prompts users to enter their age. Which function should she use?
float()
int()
print()
string()
Answer:
int()
Explanation:
float() is using decimals, so that can't be it, like float(input( "how much does this cost?"))
print() is used to print something, not a user asking, like print("hello")
string() means like a whole, like string( I am good)
By elimination, int() is correct.
Hope this helps!
true/false. in extreme heat conditions, do not reduce your air pressure below manufacture's recommendation because reducing tire pressure causes tires to run and may cause tire failure.
False. It is not recommended to reduce tire pressure below the manufacturer's recommendation, but it is also not recommended to maintain tire pressure at the recommended level in extreme heat conditions.
This is because extreme heat can cause a significant increase in tire pressure, leading to a dangerous condition known as tire overheating.
Tire overheating can occur when tires are driven at high speeds for extended periods of time, or when driving in hot weather conditions. Overheated tires can cause the tire's internal temperature to increase, leading to a reduction in tire life and an increased risk of tire failure.
To avoid tire overheating, it is important to regularly check the tire pressure and adjust it as needed. If driving in extreme heat conditions, it may be necessary to reduce tire pressure slightly to help regulate the internal temperature of the tire. This will help to minimize the risk of tire overheating and the associated dangers.
It is also important to note that tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold, as tire pressure will increase as the tire heats up. This means that tire pressure should be checked before driving, and not immediately after driving in extreme heat conditions.
In conclusion, while it is not recommended to reduce tire pressure below the manufacturer's recommendation, it may be necessary to reduce tire pressure slightly in extreme heat conditions to help regulate the internal temperature of the tire and minimize the risk of tire overheating and tire failure.
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what is the electric potential energy of the system of charges? select all that apply
The configuration is connected to electric potential energy, which is a potential energy (measured in joules) resulting from conservative Coulomb forces.
What is the system of charges' electric potential energy?The total effort performed by an external agent to bring a specific charge or system of charges from infinity to the current configuration without acceleration is referred to as the electric potential energy of that charge or system of changes.
What does a system of particles' electric potential energy mean?The effort necessary to assemble a system of point charges by bringing them close together, as in the system from an infinite distance, is known as the electric potential energy of the system.
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250 volts are applied to a toaster oven which draws a current of 12 A.
What is the toaster oven's resistance?
Answer:
20.833 ohms
Explanation:
V = IR re-arrange
V/I = R
250 / 12 = 20.833 ( 20 5/6)
a rigid reinforced concrete foundation is subjected to a column load of 87,000 lbs. the foundation measures 8 ft × 8 ft in plan and rests on 21 ft of layered soil underlain by rock. the soil layers have the following characteristics: layer type thickness (ft) es (lb/in.2) γd (lb/ft3) loose sand 0-5 2200 105 medium clay 5-13 980 109 dense sand 13-21 9100 122 if the foundation depth df
The foundation depth (df) can be determined by considering the characteristics of the soil layers and the column load applied on the foundation.
How can the foundation depth be calculated based on the given information?To calculate the foundation depth (df), we need to consider the bearing capacity and settlement of the soil layers. The foundation should be designed to ensure that the applied load from the column is adequately distributed and does not cause excessive settlement or failure.
In this case, we have three soil layers: loose sand, medium clay, and dense sand, with corresponding thicknesses and properties. To determine the foundation depth, we need to identify the layer that provides the most favorable bearing capacity and settlement characteristics.
We can calculate the bearing capacity of each layer using appropriate methods such as Terzaghi's bearing capacity equation. The settlement can be estimated using methods like the elastic settlement equation. By comparing the results, we can determine the layer with the most suitable characteristics for the foundation.
Once the appropriate layer is identified, the foundation depth can be determined by summing the thicknesses of all the layers above that particular layer.
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