What structural features do cellulose and glycogen share, and in what ways do they differ?.
Answer:
Option (b) Both are polymers of D-glucose but cellulose is connected by ( beta 1-4 ) glycosidic linkage whereas glycogen is connected by ( alpha1-4) glycosidic linkage....
Explanation:
:)
The same monomer, glucose, is used by both cellulose and glycogen.Six carbon atoms make up the ring structure of glucose.Different structures can be made by joining separate glucose rings together at various carbons.
What structural features do cellulose and glycogen share?
Glucose subunits make up the polysaccharides that make up starch, cellulose, and glycogen.In contrast to cellulose, which consists of -glucose subunits, starch and glycogen are composed of -glucose subunits.Starch and glycogen are branched polymers of glucose, whereas cellulose is an unbranched, straight-chain polymer of glucose.Let's explore the variations among these polysaccharides. Composition of Cellulose.The primary structural element of a plant's cell wall is cellulose.It can only be found in plants.The most prevalent organic compound in the plant kingdom is cellulose.It is composed of 1-4 glycosidic linkages that connect its -glucose subunits.This glucose polymer is straight and unbranched.Strong fibers are created by hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains of glucose units. Organization of Glycogen,In both animals and fungus, it serves as the primary storage carbohydrate.Its structure is similar to that of amylopectin and is heavily branched.It is a polymer made up of 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages that connect different -glucose subunits.After around every 10 subunits, it branches.Another name for glycogen is animal starch.It is kept in the brain, muscle, and liver.Glycogen is converted to glucose during a process known as glycogenolysis whenever the body needs energy.The degradation of glycogen is catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.Phosphoglucomutase uses glucose to produce glucose-1-phosphate, which is then changed into glucose-6-phosphate.Glycogen is created from glucose as blood glucose levels rise.Glycogenesis is the term used to describe the process of making glycogen.Hormones regulate the interconversion of glucose to glycogen.Insulin induces glycogenesis while glucagon and adrenaline encourage glycogenolysis.To learn more about cellulose refer
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2. Summarize the trends you see in each population from each generation. a. Dark bears— b. Light bears—
The black bear has a tendency to proliferate, whereas the polar bear has a tendency to undergo faster extinction because they live in the arctic.
Dark bearsThe black bear (Ursus americanus), also known as the baribal, is a North American bear, found from Alaska to northern Mexico. It reaches 2.20 m in length, 1.10 m in height at the withers and 360 kg in weight.
Light bearsThe polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a solitary mammal that lives in the icy waters of the Arctic Circle region. It is the largest species of bear that lives in places with low temperatures, being much feared by other animals that inhabit the place.
Considered the largest terrestrial carnivore and main symbol of arctic resistance, the polar bear has been suffering from climate change.
Whit this information, we can conclude that the black bear has a tendency to proliferate, whereas the polar bear has a tendency to undergo faster extinction because they live in the arctic.
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Part 2
1. Go to Phet Reversible Reactions Simulation (click here).
2. Add in 5 of each A and B molecules
3. After observing for 10 seconds, what is happeningto both the A and B molecules? Other
observations?
It is observed that after adding 5 each to molecules A and B; of Phet Reversible Reactions that the equilibrium goes right, away from the reactant
However, on the other side, If we add product, equilibrium goes left, away from the product
This is because in reversible reactions, both forward and backward or reverse directions of the reaction usually occur at the same time.
What are reversible reactions?Reversible reactions can be defined as a type of chemical reaction in which the reactants form the products that; and in turn, react together to give the reactants back.
Generally, reversible reactions usually will reach an equilibrium point where the concentrations of the reactants and products will no longer change.
Please note that the " Phet " mentioned above means Physics Education Technology. It is a research based simulations for tutoring science subjects
So therefore, it is observed that after adding 5 each to molecules A and B; of Phet Reversible Reactions that the equilibrium goes right, away from the reactant
Complete question:
What happens when you add 5 each to molecules A and B in a reversible reaction?
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Can you help me place the science and I will give you a brain list
Answer:
The answer to that is D
Explanation:
A ___________ determines which variations will survive to reproduce and which won’t.
Heredity
The likelihood of a genetic variant being passed down to the following generation increases if a trait is favourable and aids the individual in surviving and procreating (a process known as natural selection)
What is heredity ?The traits we inherit genetically from our parents and ancestors before them are referred to as hereditary traits. The possibility that you will have blue eyes is an example of heredity. Your likelihood of developing breast cancer based on family history is an illustration of heredity.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which makes up genes, contains instructions for how cells should function as well as the traits that distinguish each individual. Each of your biological parents contribute half of your DNA to you, and you might inherit a gene mutation from one or both of them. Sometimes, problems with the DNA cause changes in the genes.Learn more about Heredity here:
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what is the gas required for germination? a.Nitrogen
b.Carbondioxide
c.Oxygen
d.Hydrogen
Answer:
c. Oxygen
Explanation:
Oxygen is required by the germinating seed for metabolism, the sum total of all the reactions taking place within the organism. It is used in aerobic respiration, with the presence of oxygen, providing the necessary energy to the sapling.
If a species has diploid number of 10, but gave rise to progeny with 20 chromosomes, which term would most likely describe the progeny
The term that would most likely describe the progeny in this scenario is "tetraploid".
If a species has a diploid number of 10, it means that each cell of the species contains two sets of 10 chromosomes, for a total of 20 chromosomes.
If the species gave rise to progeny with 20 chromosomes, it would likely be the result of a doubling of the chromosome number, which could occur through a process called polyploidization. In this process, the chromosome number is multiplied, resulting in cells with more than two sets of chromosomes.
The progeny in this case would be considered polyploid, specifically tetraploid (4n), meaning that it has four sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two sets.
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Using proper notation, which of the following represents the length of the line segment below?
Answer:
I believe the correct answer would be A.
Explanation:
Line segments are usually represented with the line over the letters, so that one has to be the correct option. Hope this helps!
Why do saturated fatty acids have straight structures, while unsaturated fatty acids have bent structures
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Saturated fatty acids have single carbon-to-carbon bonds.
Answer: saturated fatty acids have single carbon-to-carbon bonds
Explanation:
apex notes
A ____ is a neutron star that rotates and generates radio waves
Answer:
Pulsar.
Explanation:
I took the test:)
1. What is a DFA configuration? Give me an example.
2. what is the difference between a NFA and a DFA?
Answer:
1)
In the context of automata theory, a DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) configuration refers to the state of the DFA along with the current input symbol being processed. It represents the instantaneous snapshot of the DFA during its computation.A DFA configuration consists of two components:Current State: It represents the state in which the DFA is currently located. In a DFA, the state is an essential part of its definition and determines the behaviour of the automaton.
Remaining Input: It represents the portion of the input yet to be processed by the DFA. As the DFA reads input symbols one by one, the remaining input is reduced until it is completely consumed.
Let's consider a simple example of a DFA that recognizes the language of all binary strings ending with '01'. The DFA has two states: State A and State B. Here's an example of a DFA configuration:
Current State: State B
Remaining Input: 1101
In this example, the DFA is in State B, and the remaining input is '1101'. It indicates that the DFA has already read the input '11' and is currently processing the symbol '0'. Based on the transition rules of the DFA, it will move to another state or remain in the same state, depending on the current state and input symbol.
2)
A DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) and an NFA (Nondeterministic Finite Automaton) are both types of finite automata used in automata theory. The main difference between them lies in their behaviour and the nature of transitions between states.Determinism vs. Nondeterminism:
DFA: A DFA is deterministic, meaning that for any given state and input symbol, there is a unique transition to the next state. It follows a single, well-defined path for each input symbol.
NFA: An NFA is nondeterministic, meaning that for a given state and input symbol, there can be multiple possible transitions leading to different states. It can have several possible paths for each input symbol.
Transition Function:DFA: In a DFA, the transition function is defined as a mapping from each state and input symbol to a unique next state. It is a total function, ensuring that every state and input symbol has a defined transition.
NFA: In an NFA, the transition function is defined as a mapping from each state and input symbol to a set of possible next states. It allows multiple transitions from the same state with the same input symbol or even transitions with the empty string (ε).
Acceptance of Input:DFA: In a DFA, acceptance of an input string occurs if, after reading the entire input, the DFA is in an accepting state (a designated final state). If the DFA ends in a non-accepting state, the input is rejected.
NFA: In an NFA, acceptance of an input string can be more flexible. It can accept an input string if there exists at least one possible path through the NFA that leads to an accepting state. It is not necessary for all possible paths to lead to an accepting state.
Memory:DFA: A DFA has no memory of the input it has previously read. It only considers the current input symbol and the current state to determine the next state.
NFA: An NFA can have memory by using ε-transitions, which allow it to transition to a new state without consuming any input symbol. It can make decisions based on its current state and the remaining input without reading additional input symbols.
Overall, DFAs are simpler and easier to analyze due to their deterministic nature, while NFAs offer more expressive power with their nondeterministic behaviour and ε-transitions. However, it's important to note that both DFA and NFA are equivalent in terms of the languages they can recognize, meaning that for any language recognized by an NFA, there exists an equivalent DFA and vice versa.
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Water is made of three atoms. This means it is
6. which of the following components of the neuromuscular junction would be directly affected by the toxin produced by bacterium clostridium tetani? a. the axon terminals b. the motor end plate c. the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. the synaptic cleft
Motor end plate of the neuromuscular junction would be directly affected by the toxin produced by bacterium clostridium tetani.
Clostridium tetani is a soil bacterium. It is a major causative agent for tetanus. It enters the body through wounds or necrosis. Bacteria that reside in muscles release neurotoxin called tetanospasmin. It enters the axon of the motor neuron and moves retrogressively and reaches the inhibitory neuron where it enters into the axon bulb and prevents the release of neurotransmitters called gamma amino butyric acid and glycine. Hence the inhibitory neuron cannot pass signals to the motor neuron which causes more muscle contraction since signal from the inhibitory neuron reduces muscle contraction.
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How do substrate molecules come into contact with an enzyme's active site?
Answer:
the enzyme will bind its substrate, and when it does this itll form an enzyme-substrate complex
Explanation:
In chickens, red feathers crossed with white feathers produce red and white spotted feathers. Cross a spotted-feathered chicken with a white-feathered chicken. (You definitely should make a Punnett Square) A) Is this codominance or incomplete dominance? B) What PERCENT will have spotted feathers? C) What PERCENT will have red feathers?
A) this is an example of codominance when in the heterozygous form both genes manifest
we'll say that F-red feathers; f-white feathers
B)50% will have spotted feathers
c)0% wil have red feathers
Thermal Energy, Heat, Temperature Summary
Bro easy points just need a 7th grade version of thermal energy, heat, and temperature just a summary.
Give you 15 points
Answer: 7th graders man I'm in 10th grade, Heat, is thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooling system that is in contact.
Explanation: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system. would this help :P
Why do cells divide when they get too large? Provide two reasons
imagine 100 cells were chosen randomly from a tissue sample and examined under a microscope. in which phase of the cell cycle would you expect to find the largest number of cells?
Interphase generally have the largest number of active cells.
Cells in an organism use to divide when only organism needs to replace damaged cells or when the organism is actively growing. In G1 phase, the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles. In S phase, the cell copies its DNA in order to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes.
The final phase is G2 phase that involves further cell growth and here the organization of cellular contents takes place .G2 phase is also a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.
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Mastering a&p when a person is bitten by a rabid dog, by what means do medical personnel attempt to prevent infection by the rabies virus?
When a person is bitten by a rabid dog, by artificially acquired passive immunity, medical personnel does attempt to prevent infection by the rabies virus.
What is passive immunity?The transmission of a ready-made antibody's active humoral immunity is known as passive immunity.Passive immunity can develop naturally, as when a baby absorbs a mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk, or artificially, as when someone obtains antibodies through an injection (gamma globulin injection).The main benefit of passive immunity is that it provides instant protection, and only lasts for a few weeks or months.Passive vaccination essentially involves giving the body antibodies that have already been created by others, such as pooled gamma globulin, which will instantly detect and destroy an antigen to offer protection. However, this passive form of defense does not result in immunologic memory and skips the processes in primary exposure.Learn more about passive immunity here:
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Why is DNA an important molecule for our cells
Answer:
DNA is pivotal to our growth, reproduction, and health. It contains the instructions necessary for your cells to produce proteins that affect many different processes and functions in your body. Because DNA is so important, damage or mutations can sometimes contribute to the development of disease.
Why does it take two days for Claudius Caesar to die
Claudius Caesar took two days to die because he suffered from liver failure, which occurred about 15 hours after he ate poisonous mushrooms.
The poisonous mushrooms caused damage to Claudius Caesar's liver cells, leading to liver failure. This meant that his liver and kidneys were unable to filter and detoxify wastes and other harmful substances from his blood, resulting in the development of symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and delirium.
Liver failure is a serious condition that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. In Claudius Caesar's case, it took two days for his body to succumb to the effects of liver failure and for him to pass away.
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A number of significant dramas such as The Normal Heart, The Baltimore Waltz, and Angels in America were spurred by the ______ crisis.
A number of significant dramas such as The Normal Heart, The Baltimore Waltz, and Angels in America were spurred by the AIDS crisis.
What led to the AIDS epidemic in the US?Investigators initially believed the issue was most likely caused by an infectious disease that might be spread through sex, however some hypothesized that recreational drugs or other environmental variables could also be to blame.
When did the US experience the AIDS crisis?In the United States (U.S.), the first cases of what would later be known as AIDS were recorded in June 1981. In the United States, there are currently more than 1.2 million people living with HIV, and more than 35,000 new infections occur year.
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Where does the growth of plants occur.
Answer:
the tips of the steams and roots, also known as an apices
Answer:
The growth in plants can occur in or as the stems and including the roots lengthens or grows. Thus, some plants and including the ones that are woody, Which can increase in thickness during their life span. The increase causes in length or the growth of the shoot and of course the root., which is mostly referred as primary growth. This is the result of a cell division in the shoot apical meristem.
Can someone plsss help meeee I got 3 minutes left
The lysogenic cycle begins at A, step 1 and step 2 when the attachment and penetration starts.
What is a lysogenic cycle?A lysogenic cycle is a type of viral replication cycle in which a virus infects a host cell and integrates its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the host cell's DNA. Once integrated, the viral genetic material is called a prophage or a provirus, depending on whether the virus is a bacteriophage infecting bacteria or a virus infecting eukaryotic cells, respectively.
During the lysogenic cycle, the virus remains dormant and does not cause any immediate harm to the host cell. The viral DNA is replicated along with the host cell's DNA during cell division, and the viral genes may be passed down to daughter cells.
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Image transcribed:
From the diagram, between which two steps would the lysogenic cycle begin?
1 point
Step 1
Step 5
Step 2
Step 4
Step 3
step 1 and step 2
step 2 and step 3
step 3 and step 4
step 4 and step 5
BIOLOGY PEOPLE HELP!!!!
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12. an inbred strain of plants has a mean height of 24 cm. a second strain of the same species also has a mean height of 24 cm. when these plants are crossed, the f1 are also 24 cm. however, when the f1 plants are crossed, the f2 plants show a wide range of heights; the majority of f2 are like p1 and f1, but approximately 4 of 1000 are only 12 cm tall and 4 of 1000 are 36 cm tall. what fraction of the f2 plants will be 27 cm in height? [assume that for the genes involved in determining plant height, each allele contributes the same amount.]
In the given scenario, when an inbred strain of plants with a mean height of 24 cm is crossed with another strain of the same species, the F1 generation also exhibits a mean height of 24 cm. However, when the F1 plants are crossed, the F2 plants display a wide range of heights.
Majority of the F2 plants resemble the P1 and F1 generation, but approximately 4 out of 1000 are only 12 cm tall and 4 out of 1000 are 36 cm tall.
To determine the fraction of F2 plants that will have a height of 27 cm, we can analyze the given data. From the information provided, we can conclude that the alleles for plant height exhibit incomplete dominance, where each allele contributes the same amount. In this case, the intermediate phenotype is observed in the F1 generation with a mean height of 24 cm.
Since there is a wide range of heights observed in the F2 generation, we can infer that there is a variation in the combination of alleles that contribute to plant height. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the exact fraction of F2 plants that will have a height of 27 cm without further information about the genetic makeup of the F1 generation.
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Need help pls I’m being timed
I believe the left chamber has a higher concentration of neon gas because it has more neon atoms in it, and the right chamber has a higher concentration of helium gas because it has more helium atoms in it.
Use the rose experiment to answer the question. What are the independent and dependent variables?
Answer:
Independent Variable - Amount of Light;
Dependent Variable - Plant Growth;
Controlled Variables - temperature, soil, container, and humidity
Explanation:
Independent Variable - Amount of Light;
Dependent Variable - Plant Growth;
Controlled Variables - temperature, soil, container, and humidity
1. Plants need light for it growth and development. By studying photosynthesis and chlorophyll one can recognizes two factors: measure of light and development of a plant.
The adjustment in light influences the development of a plant. Both the two factors are measurable.
Cause-Independent Variable: measure of light
Impact Dependent Variable: development of plant
2. Plants have stems that become upward and roots that become descending. Become familiar with geotropism.
Answer:
The rose experiment is not a specific experiment but refers to a general example used to explain the concept of variables in an experiment. In this example, let's say we want to study the effect of fertilizer on the growth of roses.
The independent variable in this experiment is the fertilizer. It is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter. In other words, the experimenter decides how much fertilizer to apply to each group of roses.
The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth of the roses. It is the variable that is being measured and affected by the independent variable. In this case, the experimenter measures the height, number of leaves, and number of flowers for each group of roses, and this data is used to determine if the fertilizer had any effect on the growth of the roses.
Therefore, in the rose experiment, the independent variable is the amount of fertilizer applied to each group of roses, and the dependent variable is the growth of the roses, measured by their height, number of leaves, and number of flowers.
When fossil fuels are burned, water vapor is produced. why is anthropogenic water
vapor not a significant factor in global warming?
o anthropogenic water vapor has a short residence time in the atmosphere.
o anthropogenic water vapor does not contain carbon.
anthropogenic water vapor does not have a global warming potential.
o anthropogenic water vapor is naturally occurring and will not impact the environment.
Anthropogenic water vapor has a short residence time inside the atmosphere and has no global warming potential.
This refers to the effects of human activities as compared to those that occur in natural environments unaffected by humans. Anthropogenic effects are those associated with something produced by humans, such as excessive greenhouse gas emissions.
Water vapor is essentially anthropogenic, but the majority of sources of water vapor are through irrigation, which is applied as a liquid, rather than through the combustion of fossil fuels. Water vapor has a less significant effect because when it evaporates, it cools the surface; when it rains later, it heats this same troposphere by the same amount.
Humans have a wide range of effects on the physical environment, including overpopulation, pollution, the use of fossil fuels, but also deforestation. These types of changes have resulted in climate change, soil degradation, poor air quality, as well as groundwater pollution.
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The growth rate of a habitat's population shows no correlation with climate. True False
Answer:
False because it would be hard for animals to find food if the habitat's population rate grew.