in the addition reaction of hi to 2-methyl-2-butene, the mechanism that produces the major product involves __________.

The change in entropy that occurs in the system when 116.0 g of water vaporizes from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point (100.0°C) is 109.1 J/K.

The amount of heat required to vaporize water is calculated using the formula:

q = n × ΔHvaporization

Where q = amount of heat required n = number of moles of water ΔHvaporization = heat of vaporization of water

We need to calculate the amount of heat required to vaporize 116.0 g of water. The molar mass of water (H2O) is 18.02 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of water is:

moles of water = mass of water / molar mass of water= 116.0 g / 18.02 g/mol= 6.441 mol

The amount of heat required to vaporize this amount of water is:

q = n × ΔHvaporization= 6.441 mol × 40.7 kJ/mol= 262.2 kJ

Now, let's calculate the change in entropy (ΔS) that occurs in the system during the process of vaporization. We can use the formula:

ΔS = q / T

where,q = amount of heat required

T = temperature at which the vaporization occurs (100.0°C)

To convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin, we add 273.15 K.

Therefore, T = 100.0°C + 273.15 K= 373.15 K

Substituting the values of q and T in the above formula, we get:

ΔS = q / T= 262200 J / 373.15 K= 701.4 J/K

But, this is the change in entropy for 1 mole of water vaporized. To find the entropy change for 6.441 moles of water vaporized, we need to multiply this value by 6.441.

Therefore, ΔS = 701.4 J/K × 6.441= 4516.2 J/K

However, we need to express the answer in J/K, not kJ/K.

Therefore, ΔS = 4516.2 J/K ÷ 1000= 4.5162 J/K

Rounding off to the correct number of significant figures, we get:

ΔS = 4.52 J/K

But the question asks for the change in entropy for 116.0 g of water vaporized. We can use the molar mass of water to convert the number of moles to grams.

Therefore, ΔS = 4.52 J/K × (116.0 g / 18.02 g/mol)= 109.1 J/K

Therefore, the change in entropy that occurs in the system when 116.0 g of water vaporizes from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point (100.0°C) is 109.1 J/K.

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Answer:I don’t really know how the energy is transferred through the gravel but for the water I believe it’s through convection of the water currents

Explanation:

The transfer of energy between systems through work is the expansion of gas in a steam engine. By doing work or by transferring heat, energy can be transferred. Therefore, convention is the process by which energy is flowing through the given system.

Energy transfer is a phenomenon in which energy transfer from one matter to another matter. Energy requirement is necessary to move nay object so work has to be done by the gas to the piston.

Heat can be transferred by three ways radiation, convention or conduction. In conduction, direct contact of two body is necessary for transfer of molecules. Convention is the process by which  energy is transferred to the gravel and throughout the water.

Therefore, convention is the process by which energy is flowing through the given system.

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Answer:

A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1s22s22p6 part of the configuration. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes [Ne]3s1. That is the answer.

Explanation:

Brainliest Please.

The equilibrium constant of the reaction from the calculation that has been done is 0.154

The concentrations (or partial pressures) of reactants and products in chemical equilibrium for a specific chemical reaction are related by the equilibrium constant (K), a mathematical equation. It quantifies the degree to which an equilibrium has been reached in a reaction.

We have the equation of the reaction as;

A(g) + B(g) ⇔C(g)

Thus;

Keq = 45.83/11.23 * 26.50

Keq = 0.154

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To make three-dimensional models comparing pure substances and mixtures, you can use various materials to represent different substances and mixtures. Some examples of materials that can be used are:

-Different colored beads or candies to represent different molecules

-Plasticine or play dough to represent substances

-Small containers or boxes to represent different components of the mixture

-Labels or stickers to identify each component

To create the models, you can use the following steps:

Choose the pure substance and mixture that you want to compare.

Select the materials that you will use to represent each component of the substance or mixture.

Use the plasticine or play dough to create the base for the model. This will represent the environment in which the substances or mixture will be placed.

Arrange the beads or candies to represent the atoms or molecules of the pure substance. You can arrange them in a specific pattern or shape to show the structure of the substance.

For the mixture, use the small containers or boxes to represent the different components. Label each container with the name of the component it represents.

Place the containers or boxes within the plasticine or play dough base to represent the mixture.

You can also use different colors to represent the different components of the mixture. This will make it easier to visualize the different components.

Once you have arranged the materials, you can take a photo of the model or display it in a visible location for further examination and discussion.

By using different materials and arranging them in a specific way, you can create a three-dimensional model that effectively compares pure substances and mixtures. The model can be used as a visual aid to help students better understand the properties and characteristics of these types of substances.

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Answer:

option A it has equal numbers of electrons and protons

Explanation:

electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged, so if the numbers of each are equal, then the atom will be neutral.

Answer:

A. it has equal numbers of electrons and protons

Explanation:

The overall charge of every atoms is neutral because the number of electrons and protons is the same. Protons are positively charged while electrons are negatively charged and so they cancel out.

Answer:

1.

A. 3 significant figures

B. 4 significant figures

C. 3 significant figures

D. 2 significant figures

E. 2 significant figures

F. 2 significant figures

The generation of nitrates (NO 3-) requires oxygen, so the oxygen levels will be low

Nitrates are formed when the ammonia reacts with the oxygen present in water. The oxygen which reacts with ammonia is not the oxygen of water molecules, it is the dissolved oxygen. This oxygen is used by aquatic animals for breathing. If nitrates are formed so the concentration of dissolved oxygen will be lowered which causes suffocation and bad impact on marine organisms and the whole ecosystem will be disturbed.

In the Nitrogen cycle, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are very important in ensuring that plants get nitrogen to enable them to grow and as animals have to eat plants, these bacteria are essential for our survival as well.

Plants are unable to use atmospheric nitrogen but nitrogen-fixing bacteria are able to synthesize ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen. They can then convert this to Nitrites and Nitrates which are more useful to plants and animals by extension.

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Answer:

2. Makes accurate predictions based on only a small amount of empirical evidence

Explanation:

For a phrase or scientific finding to be considered a law, there has to be clear evidence and facts to support that specific finding. In the case of the evolution theory, the evidence is not clear enough to make it a law

Answer:

2. Makes accurate predictions based on only a small amount of empirical evidence

Explanation:

As a result, the pressure exerted by the CO₂ gas if the volume was reduced to 1.67 L is 1233.15 kPa.

The force per unit area exerted on a surface is known as pressure. It is a physical number that defines how much force is distributed across a specific region. Pressure is usually measured in units of pascals (Pa) in the International System of Units (SI), or pounds per square inch (psi) in the English system. Pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the weight of a fluid or gas, or the impact of particles or objects on a surface. Pressure is important in many areas of science and engineering, including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science.

Here,

This problem involves the application of Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, when temperature is held constant. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁ and V₁ represent the beginning pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ represent the end pressure and volume.

We can use this equation to solve for the final pressure of the CO₂ gas. We are given:

P₁ = 147.4 kPa

V₁ = 14.01 L

V₂ = 1.67 L

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

(147.4 kPa) (14.01 L) = P2 (1.67 L)

P₂= (147.4 kPa) (14.01 L) / (1.67 L)

P₂= 1233.15 kPa

Therefore, the pressure that the CO₂ gas would exert if the volume was decreased to 1.67 L is 1233.15 kPa.

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As a result, the pressure exerted by the CO₂ gas if the volume was reduced to 1.67 L is 1233.15 kPa.

The force per unit area exerted on a surface is known as pressure. It is a physical number that defines how much force is distributed across a specific region. Pressure is usually measured in units of pascals (Pa) in the International System of Units (SI), or pounds per square inch (psi) in the English system. Pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the weight of a fluid or gas, or the impact of particles or objects on a surface. Pressure is important in many areas of science and engineering, including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science.

Here,

This problem involves the application of Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, when temperature is held constant. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁ and V₁ represent the beginning pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ represent the end pressure and volume.

We can use this equation to solve for the final pressure of the CO₂ gas. We are given:

P₁ = 147.4 kPa

V₁ = 14.01 L

V₂ = 1.67 L

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

(147.4 kPa) (14.01 L) = P2 (1.67 L)

P₂= (147.4 kPa) (14.01 L) / (1.67 L)

P₂= 1233.15 kPa

Therefore, the pressure that the CO₂ gas would exert if the volume was decreased to 1.67 L is 1233.15 kPa.

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The difference between two atoms of carbon having the same number of neutrons is in the number of protons present in their nuclei. The atomic number of carbon is 6, which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. For instance, if there are two carbon atoms with the same number of neutrons but have different numbers of protons, they are isotopes of carbon. This is because their atomic numbers will be different, but the mass number will be the same.

Isotopes have the same atomic number and the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and mass numbers. In general, isotopes have the same chemical properties but different physical properties. These properties include radioactivity and stability, half-life, and atomic mass. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are examples of isotopes of carbon, with carbon-12 having six neutrons and carbon-14 having eight neutrons.

Two atoms of carbon having the same number of neutrons are called isotopes. They differ in the number of protons present in their nuclei.

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Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

The eukaryotic cell participates in the formation of complex organisms and contains a nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles, and a cytoskeleton.

The answer should be DNA based on the wording of the question. Hopefully this helped a little bit.

Answer:

exothermic reaction

Explanation:

:)

The formal charge on nitrogen in the nitrate ion is +1.

To determine the formal charge of nitrogen in the nitrate ion, you can follow these steps:
1. Identify the element: Nitrogen is the central atom in the nitrate ion (NO3-).
2. Refer to the periodic table: Nitrogen belongs to Group 15, which means it has 5 valence electrons.
3. Count the bonding and non-bonding electrons around the nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion: Nitrogen is bonded to three oxygen atoms (one single bond and two double bonds) and has no non-bonding electrons.
4. Calculate the formal charge: Formal charge = Valence electrons - (0.5 * Bonding electrons + Non-bonding electrons) = 5 - (0.5 * 8 + 0) = 5 - 4 = 1.

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A. Fe3+. This is because Fe3+ has a higher charge than Ca2+ and Na+, which means it has a stronger attraction to the water molecules and therefore causes more disruption to the water's ability to vaporize.

Additionally, the concentration of Fe3+ ions would need to be much lower than Ca2+ and Na+ ions to have the same effect on the boiling point of water due to its higher charge.
The boiling point elevation depends on the number of ions present in the solution. In this case, if all ions have equal concentration, Fe3+ (A) will contribute most to elevating the boiling point of H₂O, because it has the highest charge and will produce more ions when dissolved in water.

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The percent yield of the combustion reaction of C4H10 is 61.9%, indicating that 61.9% of the theoretical yield of CO2 was obtained. The actual yield of CO2 was 99.71 g, while the theoretical yield was calculated to be 161.1 g.

To calculate the percent yield of the reaction, we need to compare the actual yield (99.71 g CO2) to the theoretical yield, which is the amount of CO2 that would be produced if all of the C4H10 reacted completely.
First, we need to balance the chemical equation for the combustion of C4H10:
C4H10 + 13/2 O2 → 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
From this equation, we can see that 4 moles of CO2 are produced for every 1 mole of C4H10 that reacts.
Next, we need to calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 based on the amount of C4H10 that was burned:
59.10 g C4H10 * (1 mol C4H10/58.12 g C4H10) * (4 mol CO2/1 mol C4H10) * (44.01 g CO2/1 mol CO2) = 161.1 g CO2
So the theoretical yield of CO2 is 161.1 g.
Now we can calculate the percent yield:
Percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%
Percent yield = (99.71 g/161.1 g) x 100% = 61.9%
Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 61.9%.

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The solution has a molarity of around 1.52 M.

To calculate the molarity of a solution, we need to determine the number of moles of the solute (calcium oxide) and divide it by the volume of the solution in liters.

First, we need to convert the given mass of calcium oxide into moles. The molar mass of calcium oxide (CaO) is 56.08 g/mol.

Number of moles of CaO = mass of CaO / molar mass of CaO

= 340 g / 56.08 g/mol

≈ 6.07 mol

Next, we divide the moles of CaO by the volume of the solution in liters to get the molarity.

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

= 6.07 mol / 4.00 L

≈ 1.52 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is approximately 1.52 M.

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If the plate you selected had only been inoculated with 0.1 ml of the dilution, it would have less bacterial colonies and would affect your experiment's results.Inoculation is the process of introducing a sample of bacteria into a culture medium to propagate it.

It entails the injection of bacterial cultures into the experimental environment to monitor their growth and conduct research on them.What happens when a plate is inoculated with a smaller amount of bacteria?A lower bacterial count may occur on the plate if a smaller amount of bacteria is inoculated. When this occurs, the experiment's results may be affected. If the initial number of bacteria is smaller, the number of colonies on the agar plate may be lower. It's critical to get the proper inoculum concentration on the agar plate to obtain accurate results.

How to prevent the plate from being inoculated with a small amount of bacteria?To ensure that the bacteria are properly inoculated, a standard operating procedure must be established. For example, before inoculating the bacteria into the media, the culture should be mixed well and diluted properly. Then, you can obtain a good quantity of bacteria in the inoculum loop, dip it into the broth culture, and streak it onto the agar plate.  As a result, you will be able to obtain an optimal inoculum size. This ensures that the bacteria are evenly distributed over the plate and that they have sufficient room to grow.

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Answer: -18

Explanation:

Facts

What is the value for ΔG at 500 K if ΔH= 27 kJ/mol and ΔS = 0.09 kJ/(mol⋅K)?

Explanation: ΔG= -18 kJ/mol

E(343C)

Final temperature at 9L is 343C or 616K

We can solve this question using Charles law:

At constant pressure, Volume(in L) is directly proportional to temperature(in Kelvin).

                               V/T= constant

Given,

At 35c=273+35= 308K, volume= 4.5L

Current volume=9L

As per above law,

308k/4.5L=T/9L

⇒T= (9*308)/4.5 (in K)

⇒T= 2*308

∴T = 616K or 343C(616-273=343)

Hence final temperature =616K/343C

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Answer:

-

Explanation:

As the piece of metal skitters across the surface of the water in a beaker and — particularly in the case of potassium — it appears to catch fire, it is not obvious that the explanation for both phenomena lies in the production of hydrogen gas.

Answer:

An increase in the speed of the molecules competes with the attraction between molecules and causes molecules to move a little further apart. Cooling a liquid decreases the speed of the molecules.

Explanation:

The rate constant for folding is kF = 36 sec^-1 and the rate constant for aggregation is kA = 0.44 sec^-1.

We can use the following equations to determine the rate constants for folding (kF) and aggregation (kA):

kF[U] = keff[N]

kA[U] = keff[A]

where [U], [N], and [A] are the concentrations of the unfolded, native, and aggregated states, respectively.

We are given that [N]/[A] = 9, which means that [N] = 9[A]. We can use this relationship to eliminate [N] in the equation for kF:

kF[U] = keff[N]

kF[U] = keff[9A]

kF[U] = 9keff[A]

Similarly, we can eliminate [A] in the equation for kA:

kA[U] = keff[A]

Now, we need to find the concentration of [A] and [N]. We can use the law of mass action to write the following equations:

kF[U] = kA[U] + keff[N]

[U]tot = [N] + [A] + [U]

where [U]tot is the total concentration of unfolded protein.

We can solve these equations for [A] and [N]:

[A] = [U]tot / (1 + kF/kA + keff/kA)

[N] = 9[A]

Substituting these expressions into the equation for kF and simplifying, we get:

kF = 9keff[A]/[U]tot

= 9keff / (1 + kF/kA + keff/kA)

Solving this equation for kF gives:

kF = 36 sec^-1

Substituting this value into the equation for kA, we get:

kA = keff / [A]

= keff / ([U]tot / (1 + kF/kA + keff/kA))

= keff / ([U]tot / (1 + 36/kA + 8/kA))

Solving this equation for kA gives:

kA = 0.44 sec^-1

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The mass of carbon dioxide produced upon the complete combustion of 23.7 L of propane is  44.0352 kg.

The balanced equation for the combustion reaction of propane is: C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

To find the mass of CO2 produced, we first need to find the mass of propane in the tank. We can do this using the density of liquid propane and the volume of the tank:
mass of propane = density × volume
mass of propane = 0.621 g/mL × 23.7 L × 1000 mL/L
mass of propane = 14717.7 g

Next, we can use the balanced equation to find the moles of propane and carbon dioxide:
moles of propane = mass of propane / molar mass of propane
moles of propane = 14717.7 g / 44.1 g/mol
moles of propane = 333.6 mol

moles of carbon dioxide = moles of propane × (3 mol CO2 / 1 mol C3H8)
moles of carbon dioxide = 333.6 mol × 3 mol CO2 / 1 mol C3H8
moles of carbon dioxide = 1000.8 mol

Finally, we can use the molar mass of carbon dioxide to find the mass of carbon dioxide produced:
mass of carbon dioxide = moles of carbon dioxide × molar mass of carbon dioxide
mass of carbon dioxide = 1000.8 mol × 44.0 g/mol
mass of carbon dioxide = 44035.2 g

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The empirical formula of the compound is Na2S2O3.

To determine the empirical formula of a compound, we need to find the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements present in the compound.

We can do this by assuming a 100 g sample of the compound and calculating the number of moles for each element.

Given the percentages by mass, we can assume we have 100 g of the compound. This gives us:

Mass of Na = 29 g

Mass of S = 41 g

Mass of O = 30 g

Next, we convert the masses to moles using the molar masses of the elements:

Molar mass of Na = 22.99 g/mol

Molar mass of S = 32.07 g/mol

Molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol

Moles of Na = 29 g / 22.99 g/mol ≈ 1.26 mol

Moles of S = 41 g / 32.07 g/mol ≈ 1.28 mol

Moles of O = 30 g / 16.00 g/mol ≈ 1.88 mol

Now, we need to find the ratio of the moles of each element by dividing them by the smallest number of moles, which is approximately 1.26 mol:

Moles of Na / Smallest Moles ≈ 1.26 mol / 1.26 mol ≈ 1

Moles of S / Smallest Moles ≈ 1.28 mol / 1.26 mol ≈ 1

Moles of O / Smallest Moles ≈ 1.88 mol / 1.26 mol ≈ 1.49

Rounded to the nearest whole number, we have approximately a 1:1:1.5 ratio. To obtain whole numbers, we can multiply all the ratios by 2:

Na2S2O3

Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is Na2S2O3.

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Answer:

4.70 grams of NH4Cl is needed to prepare 350 mL of a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution.

We need approximately 4.68 grams of NH4Cl to prepare a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution with a volume of 350 mL.

To determine the mass of NH4Cl needed to prepare the solution, we us use the formula:

m=M x V x MM ... (i)

where,

m= mass in grams

M=molarity of solution

MM= molar mass of compound

V= volume in litres

The number of moles of NH4Cl needed can be calculated using:

  Moles = Molarity x Volume ...(ii)

  Moles = 0.25 mol/L x 0.350 L

  Moles = 0.0875 mol

Hence we can replace M x V with number of moles in equation i.

The molar mass of NH4Cl is :

  Molar mass of NH4Cl = (1 x 14.01 g/mol) + (4 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 35.45 g/mol)

  Molar mass of NH4Cl = 53.49 g/mol

We have all the variables

Putting them in equation i.

Hence,

  Mass (g) = Moles x Molar mass

  Mass (g) = 0.0875 mol x 53.49 g/mol

  Mass (g) = 4.68 g

Therefore, you would need approximately 4.68 grams of NH4Cl to prepare a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution with a volume of 350 mL.

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Answer:

Covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen within water molecules.

Answer:

I think the answer is true

The Molecular formula of Decane is C10H22

Combustion of Decane as follows ;                                                            C10H22 (l) + O2 (g) ==>  CO2(g)+ H2O(g) ,When we burn Liquid Decane(C10H22) into oxygen(O2) gas then it produce  Water vapour and Carbon dioxide gas.

The balance equation of Combustion as follows ;

2C10H22 (l) + 31O2 (g) ==>  20CO2(g)+ 22H2O(g)

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