In eukaryotes, where would a protective modification be found on mRNA?
A. on the 5' end
B. on the 3' end
C. on both the 5' end and the 3' end
D. on neither the 5' end nor the 3' end

Answers

Answer 1

In eukaryotes, a protective modification is found on the 5' end of the mRNA (Option A).

Why is a protective modification on mRNA necessary?

A protective modification is necessary for mRNA because it helps to keep mRNA stable and prevents degradation by RNase enzymes which are abundant in the cytosol. The modification also assists the binding of ribosomes to mRNA by serving as a recognition signal for the ribosome, which is required for the initiation of translation.

The presence of a 5' cap also aids in transport, where it helps to move the mRNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. This is important since the ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Thus, the correct option is A. on the 5' end

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Answer 2

In eukaryotes, the protective modification is found on the 5' end of mRNA. The protective modification is known as the 5' cap.

The 5' cap is a type of nucleotide modification that is added to the 5' end of pre-mRNA and some other RNAs to protect them from degradation. A 5' cap is a specially altered nucleotide that is added to the 5' end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing. The 5' cap protects the pre-mRNA from degradation and helps it to bind to the ribosome for translation.

The 5' cap is also important for RNA splicing and export from the nucleus. The protective cap is usually a 7-methylguanosine molecule that is added to the 5' end of the mRNA by a special enzyme called capping enzyme or RNA guanylyltransferase. In conclusion, the protective modification in eukaryotes is found on the 5' end of mRNA.

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Related Questions

The effect of carbon dioxide on the atmospheric temperature is BEST shown by graph

The effect of carbon dioxide on the atmospheric temperature is BEST shown by graph

Answers

Answer: definitely C will help you

Explanation:

Due to green house effect carbon emission increases rapidly day by day due to which the temperature of earth has been increasing with respect to time.We can clearly observe that the graph C shows the exact condition. Thus, C is the correct option.

What is the main reason of emission of carbon?

According to the information given in the question, we can state that global temperatures tend to increase as carbon emissions increase due to green house effect.

According to the information in the question, the increase in carbon emissions is one of the main factors responsible for the increase in global temperatures.

This can be proven by observing the graph, where it is possible to see that there was a significant increase in global temperatures, as carbon emissions increased.

These carbon emissions are the result of the increase in human activities and industrial processes, which promote the degradation of the atmospheric layers and allow an intense increase in global temperature.

Therefore, Due to green house effect carbon emission increases rapidly day by day due to which the temperature of earth has been increasing with respect to time.We can clearly observe that the graph C shows the exact condition. Thus, C is the correct option.

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which hormones are involved in building and maintaining healthy bone tissue? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.

Answers

Various hormones are :

Parathyroid hormone or PTH  Calcitriol.

What do you mean by Hormones ?

Hormones can be defined as the chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.These are the body's chemical messengers, sending signals into the bloodstream and tissues. They affect metabolism, appetite, growth and development, mood, stress, and body temperatures.The major glands that make up the endocrine system are the: hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid.

Hence, the given Hormone strengthen bones density.

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Define plumule, radicle, coleoptile, coleorhiza, hypocotyl, after-ripening, stratification, and vivipary.

Answers

Plumule: Embryonic shoot; Radicle: Embryonic root; Coleoptile: Sheath covering shoot; Coleorhiza: Sheath covering root; Hypocotyl: Connection between root and shoot. After-ripening: Maturation of dormant seeds. Stratification: Controlled seed exposure to break dormancy. Vivipary: Seeds germinate while attached.

1. Plumule: The embryonic shoot of a plant found within a seed, which eventually develops into the stem and leaves.

2. Radicle: The embryonic root of a plant found within a seed, which grows downward to anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

3. Coleoptile: A protective sheath that covers the emerging shoot (plumule) in certain monocot plants, aiding in the penetration of the soil during germination.

4. Coleorhiza: A protective sheath that surrounds the radicle in certain monocot plants, facilitating the penetration of the soil during germination.

5. Hypocotyl: The region of a plant embryo situated between the radicle and the cotyledons, which serves as the connection between the root and the shoot.

6. After-ripening: The process in which dormant seeds undergo a period of maturation or aging, leading to changes in their physiological state that promote successful germination and growth.

7. Stratification: The controlled exposure of seeds to specific environmental conditions, such as cold and moist conditions, to simulate natural winter conditions and break seed dormancy, enhancing germination.

8. Vivipary: A reproductive adaptation in certain plants where seeds germinate while still attached to the parent plant, allowing them to establish themselves before being dispersed.

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lace the parts of the circulatory system in the correct order to describe the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the human body.
aorta
pulmonary veins
left ventricle
right atrium
pulmonary arteries

Answers

The correct order to describe the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the human body are:

Right atriumPulmonary arteriesLungsPulmonary veinsLeft atriumLeft ventricleAorta

What is the blood about?

The deoxygenated blood enters the proper chamber through the prevalent and second rate vena cava. It at that point moves through the tricuspid valve into the proper ventricle, which pumps the blood through the pneumonic supply routes to the lungs where the blood is oxygenated.

The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the aspiratory veins, entering the cleared out chamber.

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In most animals, the ______ state of the life cycle is much larger than the ______ state.

Answers

In most animals, the diploid state of the life cycle is much larger than the haploid state.

What is life cycle?

The life cycle of animals is the oscillation of their lives between the haploid (n) or sexual phase and the diploid (2n) or vegetative phase.

The haploid or sexual phase of animals has to do with their gametes. The male animals produce male gametes while the female animals produce female gametes.

During fertilization, the haploid male gamete (n) fuses with the haploid female gamete (n) to form a diploid (2n) zygote. The zygote is what divides mitotically to form the baby and continues to divide to form the adult animal.

For example, in humans, the female gamete is the egg while the male gamete is the sperm. The diploid version of humans is what we see every day.

Thus, when you consider it, you will see that the haploid life cycle of most animals is much bigger than their diploid life cycle.

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if mules were no longer sterile but could produce offspring, then there are no other reproductive barriers to overcome.truefalse

Answers

The statement; "if mules were no longer sterile but could produce offspring, then there are no other reproductive barriers to overcome" is true.

What is sterility?

Sterility is the state of being free from living microorganisms or germs that can cause infection or disease. It refers to the absence of viable microorganisms in a given environment, such as a surgical instrument, a medication, or a medical implant.

Sterility is a critical factor in many medical and industrial processes, as the presence of microorganisms can compromise the safety and efficacy of a product or procedure. Sterilization techniques, such as heat, radiation, or chemicals, are commonly used to achieve sterility in various settings.

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Starch is a _____. jhcgrwzxcvhbnkjm

Answers

it’s a polysaccharide

Can anyone tell me the Plant taxonomy Of any 10 flowers with 1 line explanation of each one

Answers

Plant taxonomy is the classification of a plant based on different levels (taxa) such as kingdom, division (phylum), class, order, family, genus, species.

What is taxonomy of ten flowers?

The taxonomy of few flowers is as follows:

For Rose flower ; Kingdom : Plantae, Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Rosales, Family: Rosacea, Subfamily: Rosoideae, and Genus: Rosa, Species: Rosa gallica and Rosa canina.

For hibiscus flower: Kingdom: plantae, class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Malvales, Family: Malvaceae, Genus: Hibiscus L.

For Buttercup ; Kingdom: Plantae ; Division: Magnoliophyta ; Class: Magnoliopsida ; Order: Ranunculales ; Family: Ranunculaceae,Genus: Ranunculus.

For California Poppy: Kingdom: Plantae · Phylum: Spermatophyta · Subphylum: Angiospermae · Class: Dicotyledonae · Order: Papaverales, Family:Papaveraceae.

For Daffodil: Domain: Eukaryota · Kingdom: Plantae · Phylum: Spermatophyta · Subphylum: Angiospermae · Class: Monocotyledonae.

For sunflower: Kingdom; plante, Division;tracheophytes,Class;Magnoliopsida,Order; Asterales, Family:Asteraceae, Genus: Bellis L. – bellis, Species: Bellis perennis L.

For tulip: Kingdom; Plantae, Phylum;Spermatophyta, Subphylum;Angiospermae, Class;Monocotyledonae, Phylum:Spermatophyta, Domain: Eukaryota.

For balsam: Kingdom; Plantae, Division; Tracheophyta, Class; Pinopsida conifers,Order; Pinales pines, Family; Pinaceae pines, Genus Abies M., Species: Abies balsamea (L.).

For lily: Kingdom; Plantae, Division Tracheophytes, Class; Magnoliopsida, Order;Liliales, Family; Liliaceae, Genus; Lilium.

For coneflower: Kingdom; Plantae, Division; Tracheophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Asterales, Family: Asteraceae, Genus; Echinacea, Species Echinacea purpurea (L.).

Therefore, Plant taxonomy is the classification of a plant based on different levels (taxa) such as kingdom, division (phylum), class, order, family, genus, species.

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Cranberry juice costs $6.30 per quart and apple juice costs $3.60 per quart. Terrance wants to make a mixture of apple and cranberry juice that sells for $4.50 per quart. How many quarts q of cranberry juice should he mix with 4 quarts of apple juice to make cranberry-apple at that price? Write an equation to represent this situation. plz help its due today thank you

Answers

The answer to this question is x +4y = 4.5

how are each of the rock types created (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) created?

Answers

Answer:

igneous is by heat, sedimentary byayering and metaphoric by heat

Which of the following observations would support the claim that a particular mutation is neutral?

a
The frequency of the mutation in a population, once it first appears, tends to increase over time.
b
In a given population, individuals that possess this mutation have a greater rate of reproduction.
c
The mutation is higher in populations of organisms that produce fewer offspring and have shorter life spans.
d
The frequency of the mutation goes up and down with no observable effect on the health of a population.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

c

Explanation:

keep up the good work

The allele for black noses in wolves is dominant over the allele for brown noses. There is no known selective advantage for one nose color over another in wolves. If this remains true, which of the following statements is most likely TRUE about the change in wolf nose colors over many generations?
Black noses will become more common than they are now.
Black noses will stay about the same frequency as now.
Black noses will become less common than they are now.
Brown noses will disappear after enough generations pass.

Answers

The frequency of black wolf noses will remain roughly the same over the course of many generations. (option-b)

What is an allele, simply defined?

We refer to the alternative form(s) or versions of a gene as "alleles." The alleles for each autosomal gene that a person inherits from each parent are typically grouped into categories. Alleles are commonly referred to as normal, wild-type, abnormal, or mutant alleles.

Alleles are any of two or more genes that may alternately occur at a specific location (locus) on a chromosome. They are also known as allelomorphs. The expression (phenotype) of a particular trait can be influenced by a single allele, a pair of alleles, or multiple alleles.

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A protein appears to be 400 kDa on a size exclusion column, but shows up as two bands of 300 and 100 kDa on SDS-PAGE. What is the explanation for this difference?

Answers

The molecular weight of a protein can be determined using various techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The difference in the size of a protein determined by these two methods can be attributed to the presence of modifications such as post-translational modifications (PTMs) or the presence of multiple subunits.

Proteins are complex molecular structures that play essential roles in the functioning of our bodies. Understanding the size and structure of proteins is crucial in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology.

In size exclusion chromatography, proteins are separated based on their size as they are passed through a column filled with a porous material. The larger proteins are excluded from entering the pores and therefore take longer to pass through the column, while smaller proteins pass through the column more quickly. This results in the separation of proteins based on size, and their molecular weight can be estimated using a standard curve.

On the other hand, SDS-PAGE uses a detergent called sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to denature and uniformly coat the proteins with negative charges. This gives the proteins a uniform charge-to-mass ratio, which allows them to be separated based on size as they are passed through a gel. However, SDS-PAGE does not account for the presence of PTMs or multiple subunits in a protein, which can result in the protein appearing as multiple bands.

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in a mouse model of a human disease, the rag genes are knocked out (deleted). which of the following is the expected antibody response in that animal?

Answers

In a mouse model where the rag genes are knocked out, the expected antibody response would be severely impaired or absent.

The correct option is C .

The rag genes are essential for the development and rearrangement of the genes encoding the antigen receptors in B cells and T cells. These receptors are crucial for recognizing and binding to specific antigens, which initiate the immune response.

The loss of rag genes prevents the proper development and maturation of B cells and T cells, leading to a deficiency in functional antigen receptors. Without functional antigen receptors, the mouse would not be able to mount a specific antibody response to foreign substances (antigens). This means that the mouse would have a compromised immune system and limited ability to generate antibodies against pathogens or other antigens. The rag genes are crucial for the generation of diverse antigen receptors in B cells and T cells, which are necessary for an effective antibody response. Without functional rag genes, the mouse would have a deficiency in B and T cell development, resulting in an impaired or absent antibody response.

the given question is incomplete the complete question is --

In a mouse model of a human disease where the rag genes are knocked out (deleted), the expected antibody response in that animal would be:

A. Normal antibody response, unaffected by the rag gene deletion.

B. Enhanced antibody response due to compensatory mechanisms.

C. Impaired or absent antibody response due to the rag gene deletion.

D. Delayed antibody response with eventual recovery.

Hence , C is the correct option

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Which traits in the investigation showed blending of genes (incomplete dominace) where the dominant trait did not mask the recessive but rather there was physical evidence of both the dominant and recessive traits?

Answers

Answer:

skin colour, eue colour, sickle cell anaemia etc

Explanation:

These are traits that aren't fully transmitted from the parent's gene to that of the offspring

which of the following is likely to occur after you eat a fatty meal?

Answers

The most likely outcome of eating a fatty meal is feeling full or satiated due to CCK.

After you eat a fatty meal, the process of digestion will trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine.

CCK, which is a hormone, helps to break down the fatty food, but it also acts on the brain to produce feelings of satiety. Therefore, the most likely outcome of eating a fatty meal is feeling full or satiated.

After you eat a fatty meal, the process of digestion will trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine. CCK is produced by cells in the lining of the small intestine and helps to break down the fat in the food by promoting the secretion of bile from the gallbladder. It also acts on the brain to produce feelings of satiety or fullness.

Therefore, after eating a fatty meal you will feel full or satiated.

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the first name in the two-part name, followed by the species name, is: a) genus b) phyllum c) cultivar d) none of the above

Answers

The first name in the two-part name, followed by the species name, is known as a genus.

The scientific name of an organism is usually a binomial name. It is called binomial because it is composed of two parts. The first name is the generic name (also called genus) while the second is the specific name (also called species name).

The genus is a taxonomic rank that is used in biological classification systems. The rank is higher than the species and lower than the family. It is used to group similar species together.The first part of the scientific name denotes the genus, which is a group of closely related species. The second part of the scientific name is the specific epithet, which is unique to the species within the genus.

A cultivar is a plant variety that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding. It is not used in the scientific naming of organisms. Phylum is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of living organisms. It is higher than the class and lower than the kingdom.

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one way precipitation is returned to surface and grounwater is via watersheds and river basins. generally a _____ is larger than a ______ . however sometimes these terms are used interchangeably. regardless, what is the main function of these drainage areas?

Answers

Answer:

Watershed and then river basin

Explanation:

One way precipitation is returned to surface and groundwater is via watersheds and river basins. generally a watershed is larger than a river basin .

A watershed is much bigger because it includes deltas, basins, tributaries, and flood zones.

In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and.

Answers

Answer:

Muscles and Liver

Explanation:

The two storage sites are muscles and liver

The mean division time for bacteria population C is 20 minutes. Calculate how many bacteria will be present after 4 hours, when starting with 50 bacteria

Answers

The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. A lot of bacteria will be there after 4 hours, if you start with 50 bacteria is 204,800.

Bacteria

The Formula is:

N = N0 x 2^(t/d)

Where,

N is the final number of bacteria.

N0 is the initial number of bacteria.

t is the time elapsed.

d is the doubling time.

Solution:

N0: 50

t: 4 hours = 240 minutes

d: 20 minutes

N = 50 x 2^(240/20)

   = 50 x 2^12

   = 50 x 4096

   = 204,800

Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.

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The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. So after 4 hours, if we start with 50 bacteria, there will be 204,800 bacteria.

What is Bacteria?

Bacteria are defined as tiny, single-celled organisms that are millions of different types of bacteria. Many can be found in and on the body and are beneficial to us.

Bacteria divide by the asexual mode of reproduction which is called as Binary fission. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by splitting in two through a process known as cytokinesis, with each new organism receiving a copy of the DNA.

Its division can be calculated by this formula:

\(N = N_0 * 2^(^t^/^d^)\)

Where,

N is the final number of bacteria.

\(N_0\) is the initial number of bacteria.

t is the time elapsed.

d is the doubling time.

Here,

\(N_0\) 50

t: 4 hours = 240 minutes

d: 20 minutes

\(N = 50 * 2^(^2^4^0^/^2^0^)\)

  \(= 50 *2^1^2\)

  = 50 x 4096

  = 204,800

Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.

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Viruses ___________________________________________________.


are living because they reproduce with help from a host.


are not living because they do not grow.


are not living because they do not respond to stimuli.


are living because they have organelles.

Answers

Are not living because they do not respond to stimuli

thank youuuuuu
Muscles can only contract, so they occur in pairs. In the arm, the biceps muscle is a flexor-that is, it closes the limb. The triceps muscle is an extensor that opens the limb. This configuration is t

Answers

The tension in the biceps muscle T_AB can be determined as T_AB = 2W, and the magnitude of the force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint C is equal to the weight of the forearm, which is 9 N.

In this scenario, the elbow joint is modeled as a simple machine, specifically a lever system. The weight of the forearm acts as the load, and the tension in the biceps muscle acts as the effort. According to the lever principle, the input force (tension in the biceps muscle) is greater than the output force (force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint).

Since the weight of the forearm is given as 9 N, we can determine the tension in the biceps muscle T_AB by using the relation T_AB = 2W, which yields T_AB = 2(9 N) = 18 N. Therefore, the tension in the biceps muscle is 18 N.

The magnitude of the force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint C is equal to the weight of the forearm, which is given as 9 N. This force represents the output force of the lever system at the elbow joint.

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thank youuuuuuMuscles can only contract, so they occur in pairs. In the arm, the biceps muscle is a flexor-that

suppose the ratio of (a t) to (g c) in a particular dna is 1.0. does this ratio indicate that the dna is probably composed of two complementary strands of dna, or a single strand of dna, or is more information necessary?

Answers

More information is necessary because there are numerous methods to observe 1 if the DNA were single stranded because there are no limits on the relative quantity of the distinct bases.

The genetic material required for the growth, development, and reproduction of all known species, as well as countless viruses, is found in the polymer known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), It has a double helix shape thanks to the coiling of two polynucleotide chains around one another.

Nucleic acids include things like DNA and ribonucleic acid. Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four main types of macromolecules that are necessary for all recognized forms of life.

The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides because they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides.

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How does the comparison of the stages of embryological development of different species help biologists to classify life? a.It helps in understanding the similarities between living species and extinct species.
b.It reveals anatomical similarities that are not always evident in fully formed organisms.
c.It reveals differences in the environmental conditions necessary for species survival.
d.It helps in understanding the different behavioral strategies in different individual organisms.

Answers

By exposing evolutionary connections between species, the study of different species' stages of embryological development aids biologists in classifying life. It's best to choose C.

Similarities in embryonic developmental stages may point to a common ancestor, and the degree of similarity may indicate how closely related two species have evolved. The theory of evolution, specifically macroevolution, holds that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a single common ancestor who evolved over time into the incredibly diverse range of creatures we see today.

Vertebrates, which include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, share a common ancestor and belong to the same phylum because of the similarities in their embryonic development.

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2. What are the modes of asexual reproduction in Porifera?

(Choose all that apply)

- gemmule formation

- budding

- binary fission

- shedding

Pls help ASAP I’ll give brainiest!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Shedding, Budding, Gemmule Formation

Explanation:

I took the Quiz

Answer: The correct answers are "gemmule formation", "budding", and "shedding"

Explanation:

I took the test

I"LL GIVE BRAINlIEST
Translate the mRNA sequence into the amino acid sequence.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G A C T

mRNA Sequence: A U G U G G A A C U G A

Amino acids: ??? ( help! )

Once again, I'll give brainliest !

* please be respectful to not answer if you don't know what the question is asking, that is just taking my points and not giving the chance to those who know :')

Answers

Answer: I don’t know how to comment but thanks for the answer on my recent question

Explanation:

Don’t report me

Q1: You pull a leaf from a plant and place it in a cup of water. After a week, roots start to grow from the leaf. What type of reproduction has occurred, and what role does mitosis play in it?

Answers

One parent reproduction occur when the leaf is used for growing a plant because it is involved only one parent.

What is cutting?

Cutting is an one parent reproduction in which vegetative parts are used to grow plants. There is no use of seed in it, such type of reproduction is called single parent reproduction.

So we can conclude that single parent reproduction occur when the leaf is used for growing a plant because it is involved only one parent.

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If a climate change occurs, resulting in increased aridity (severe drying) of areas previously covered by swamps with lush vegetation, predict which type of plants are more likely to survive ???
a. plants that reproduce using seeds
b. plats that reproduce using spores
c. the type of plant reproduction will have no effect on plant survival
d. all of the plant species will go extinct
e. all of the plant species will survive
Specify the dominant type of tectonic plate motion which led to orogeny during the Paleozoic Era
a. convergent
b. divergent
c. transform
State the correct order of appearance of vertebrates in the fossil record.
Fish, Reptile, Amphibian, Mammal
Reptile, Amphibian, Fish, Mammal
Fish, Amphibian, Reptile, Mammal
Reptile, Fish, Amphibian, Mammal
Amphibian, Fish, Reptile, Mammal
Predict what will happen to the diversity of shallow water marine invertebrates in Paleozoic epicontinental seas if there is a regression, which severely decreases the area of the continent covered by shallow water and the habitat.
a. invertebrate diversity will increase
b. invertebrate diversity will decrease
c. there will be no effect on invertebrate diversity
d. all of the invertebrates will go extinct
e. the invertebrates will learn to live on dry land
If a climate change occurs, resulting in increased aridity (severe drying) of areas previously covered by swamps with lush vegetation, predict which type of plants are more likely to survive.
a. there will be no effect on the vertebrates that inhabit the swamps
b. the size and diversity of vertebrates that lay their eggs in water will increase
c. vertebrates that lay can lay eggs in water will be more likely to survive
d. vertebrates that can lay eggs on dry land will be more likely to survive
e. all of the vertebrates will go extinct
If a climate change occurs, resulting in increased aridity (severe drying) of areas previously covered by swamps, predict the effect on vertebrates
a. there will be no effect on the vertebrates that inhabit the swamps
b. the size and diversity of vertebrates that lay their eggs in water will increase
c. vertebrates that lay can lay eggs in water will be more likely to survive
d. vertebrates that can lay eggs on dry land will be more likely to survive
e. all of the vertebrates will go extinct

Answers

The given questions are based on evolutionary changes occur due to adaptation to the modified surroundings as a consequence of survival of the fittest. If a climate change occurs, resulting in increased aridity of areas previously covered by swamps with lush vegetation, plants that reproduce using seeds are more likely to survive. Thus, the correct option is A.

1. If a climate change occurs, resulting in increased aridity (severe drying) of areas previously covered by swamps with lush vegetation, plants that reproduce using seeds are more likely to survive. Thus, the correct option is A.

2. The dominant type of tectonic plate motion that led to orogeny during the Paleozoic Era was convergent plate motion. Thus, the correct option is A.

3. Fish, Amphibian, Reptile, Mammal is the correct order of appearance of vertebrates in the fossil record. This sequence represents the evolutionary progression of vertebrates, with fish appearing first, followed by amphibians, reptiles, and finally mammals. Thus, the correct option is C.

4. If there is a regression, which severely decreases the area of the continent covered by shallow water and the habitat, the diversity of shallow water marine invertebrates in Paleozoic epicontinental will decrease. Thus, the correct option is B.

5. If climate change results in increased aridity of areas previously covered by swamps, the effect on vertebrates would be that vertebrates that can lay eggs on dry land will be more likely to survive. Thus, the correct option is D.

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A new predator is introduced to an aquatic ecosystem. In a population of fish that live there, very small fish are more easily able to hide from the predators, and very large fish cannot be easily eaten by predators. What type of natural selection is acting on the population, and what will be the expected result?

A.Stabilizing selection: Since both extremes are selected against, the fish population will remain about the same.

B.Disruptive selection: Over time the fish population will change. Medium-sized fish will become rare, small and large fish will be common.

C.Stabilizing selection: Over time the fish population will change. Medium-sized fish will become rare, small and large fish will be common.

D.Disruptive selection: Since both extremes are selected against, the fish population will remain about the same.

Answers

Disruptive selection: Over time the fish population will change. Medium-sized fish will become rare, and small and large fish will be common is a type of natural selection that is acting on the given population. So, it's B.

What do you mean by Ecosystem?

An ecosystem may be defined as any place or area where the members of different species or communities live together and interact with one another for the purpose of food, shelter, and space.

As predators are only able to attack the moderate-sized fishes, so the population of moderate-sized fishes may decline in the aquatic ecosystem, while extremely short and large fishes are able to maintain their population at the same pace.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.

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How do you calculate the allele frequency of a population?

Answers

An allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that particular genetic locus in the population.

                            \(1 = p2+2pq+q2\)

The allele frequency represents the incidence of a gene variant in a population. Alleles are variant forms of a gene that are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome. An allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that particular genetic locus in the population. Allele frequencies can be represented as a decimal, a percentage, or a fraction. In a population, allele frequencies are a reflection of genetic diversity. Changes in allele frequencies over time can indicate that genetic drift is occurring or that new mutations have been introduced into the population.

The allele frequency of distinct alleles is represented by p and q.

The word p2 refers to the homozygous dominant genotype's frequency.

The alternative term, q2, refers to the homozygous recessive genotype's frequency.

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