In a distillation process which liquid component of the mixture passes through the condenser first
a. true
b. false

Answer:

The Atomic Number

Explanation:

The atomic number is the number of protons of an atom in its nucleus.

Each element has a unique atomic number.

(view screenshot too, to find where it is in element table)

Answer:

Igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Explanation:

The presence of metamorphic rock is most likely evidence of that the rock formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks. The igneous rock converted into metamorphic rocks when the rock experience intense heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. These metamorphic rocks are crystalline and often have a “squashed” texture. So due to high temperature and pressure, the metamorphic rock is formed from igneous rock.

An Ion.

An Ion has the same number of protons but loses or gains electrons, which make it either positively or negatively charged.

An ion that had lost electrons, because they need a full outer shell and perhaps they had too many electrons, and given to another atom becomes positively charged. This is because electrons are negatively charged, losing them makes the whole atom positive. Since there are now more positive protons than negative electrons.

But why don't atoms have a charge?

Because the number of electrons and protons are the same so, they cancel each other out and have a neutral charge.

So, if an atom accepts another electrons, maybe to fill in an outer shell to make it positive. It will become negatively charged as it now has more electrons than protons.

40.1g of nitrogen gas is produced.

The equation given is

2 NH₃ + 3 CuO →3 Cu + N₂ + 3 H₂O

This equation is already balanced.

When 3 moles of CuO are consumed, 1 mole of nitrogen gas is produced.

We get 1 mole of nitrogen from 3 moles of copper oxide.

We need to find the number of moles of nitrogen gas produced when 4.3 moles of copper oxide are consumed.

4.3/3 x 1 = 1.433 mols

40.1g of nitrogen gas can be made when 4.3 moles of CuO are consumed.

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At 1298K temperature, the reaction ΔG0 value is calculated to be -100,329 J. The thermodynamically stable phases are Cu(s) and CuO.

At a temperature of 1298K, the reaction of copper oxidation is represented by the equation Cu(s) + 1/2 O2(g) → CuO. The given equation provides the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0) for the reaction. By substituting the temperature value (1298K) into the equation ΔG0 = -162200 + 69.24T J (298K-1356K), we can calculate the ΔG0 value.

Plugging in the values, we get ΔG0 = -162200 + 69.24 * 1298 J = -100,329 J. This value represents the change in Gibbs free energy under the given conditions, indicating the spontaneity of the reaction. A negative value suggests that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable.

Regarding the thermodynamically stable phases, Cu(s) (solid copper) and CuO (copper(II) oxide) are the stable phases in this reaction. The symbol "(s)" denotes the solid phase, and "(g)" represents the gaseous phase. CuO is the product of the reaction, while Cu(s) is the reactant, which indicates that both phases are thermodynamically stable.

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The \(NO_{3} ^{-}\) species is present in the supernatant of the complete reaction between lead (ii) nitrate and potassium iodide.

The clear liquid that remains above the solid residue after centrifugation, precipitation, crystallization, or settling is known as the supernatant. The species typically has a lower density and is precipitate-free. In order to more quickly and fully cause the precipitate (or "pellet") to gather on the bottom of the tube, centrifugation modifies the effective gravitational force acting on the tube or bottle.

The term "supernatant" is used to describe the residual solution. A variety of the cytokines found in supernatants are powerful angiogenesis modulators. Additionally, they have microvesicular bodies that carry RNA transcripts. Therefore, \(NO_{3} ^{-}\) species is present in the supernatant of the complete reaction between lead (ii) nitrate and potassium iodide.

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Answer:

22.4L

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) Firstly, caesium abd potassium are both in Group 1 of the periodic table. Group 1 metals (also called alkali metals) are the most reactive metals of the periodic table. Caesium is more reactive than Potassium because it has a higher electropositivity than Potassium. Electropositivity is the tendency of a metal to donate electron(s) to form a cation. Electropositivity increases down the group; this is because it is easier for atoms to loose electrons on the outermost shell that are far away from the central nucleus as against atoms whose outermost electrons are closer to the central nucleus. Thus, the more "bulky" an atom is, the farther it's outermost electrons (valence electrons) get from the central nucleus and the easier it is to lose the outermost electron(s). And the easier it is for the valence electron(s) to be removed, the more reactive the atom would be and vice-versa.

Caesium is more reactive than potassium because it is more bulky than potassium, with an atomic number of 55, while potassium has an atomic number of 19.  

NOTE: The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the more difficult it is to be removed from it's shell.

(b) i. Formula for Caesium Nitrate:

Symbol for Caesium is Cs and Nitrate is NO₃⁻.

Cs⁺ + NO₃⁻  ↔  CsNO₃

Formula for Caesium Nitrate is  CsNO₃

ii. Formula for Caesium sulphate

Symbol for caesium is Cs and Sulphate is SO₄²⁻

Cs⁺ + SO₄²⁻  ↔   Cs₂SO₄  

Formula for Caesium sulphate is Cs₂SO₄

NOTE: When writing the formulae, the charges would be exchanged to form the subscript as seen on the product sides above.

Answer: Because only energy is emitted during gamma decay, the number of protons remains the same. Therefore, an atom does not become a different element during this type of decay. Q: The Figure below shows how helium-3 (He-3) decays by emitting a gamma particle.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

33c     32 c     33d    34a       35  b   36a   37 d    

Answer:

I'm the constant, volume and shape are both definite. Constant means that those characters are not changeable in the same common volume and shape or both.

Answer:

Noble gases are called "safe" gases because they are inert.

General Formulas and Concepts:

Explanation:

Because Noble Gases have filled their outer shell electrons fully, they tend not to form compounds with other elements or react with others to produce another compound.

Take Ne (neon) for instance. It's electron configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶. The outer most shell is the 2p sublevel, and according quantum numbers, the 2p sublevel only has 3 spaces for 2 electrons each that it can hold. Therefore, Ne has a full outer shell and no electron spots to create a bond with other elements.

The amount of concentrated solution needed is (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M, and the amount of water needed is 65 mL minus the volume of the concentrated solution.

To calculate the molarity of Kool Aid desired, we need to determine the number of moles of Kool Aid powder and sugar in the package. Since the molecular formula for sugar is C12H22O11, we can calculate its molar mass as follows:

Molar mass of C12H22O11 = (12 * 12.01) + (22 * 1.01) + (11 * 16.00)

= 144.12 + 22.22 + 176.00

= 342.34 g/mol

Given that the package contains 4.25 grams of Kool Aid powder, we can calculate the number of moles of Kool Aid powder using its molar mass:

Number of moles of Kool Aid powder = Mass / Molar mass

= 4.25 g / 342.34 g/mol

≈ 0.0124 mol

Similarly, for the sugar, which has a molar mass of 342.34 g/mol, we can calculate the number of moles of sugar using its mass:

Number of moles of sugar = Mass / Molar mass

= 192.00 g / 342.34 g/mol

≈ 0.5612 mol

Now, to calculate the molarity of the desired Kool Aid solution, we need to determine the volume of water. Given that 1.06 quarts is equal to 1 liter, and we have 2.00 quarts of water, we can convert it to liters as follows:

Volume of water = 2.00 quarts * (1.06 liters / 1 quart)

= 2.12 liters

To find the molarity, we use the formula:

Molarity (M) = Number of moles / Volume (in liters)

Molarity of Kool Aid desired = (0.0124 mol + 0.5612 mol) / 2.12 L

≈ 0.286 M

To prepare 65 mL of the desired molarity, we can use dilution calculations. We need to determine the volume of concentrated solution and the volume of water needed.

Let's assume the concentration of the concentrated Kool Aid solution is C M. Using the dilution formula:

(C1)(V1) = (C2)(V2)where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

Given that C1 = C M and V1 = V mL, and we want to prepare a final volume of 65 mL (V2 = 65 mL) with a final concentration of 0.286 M (C2 = 0.286 M), we can rearrange the formula to solve for the volume of the concentrated solution:

(C M)(V mL) = (0.286 M)(65 mL)

V mL = (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M

So, the amount of concentrated solution needed is (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M, and the amount of water needed is 65 mL minus the volume of the concentrated solution.

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Answer: shorter

Explanation:

we are given the pH of the solution as 3.17 are we are required to find the [H₃O+]

we know that :

pH = - log[H₃O+]

-pH = log[H₃O+]

10⁻ᵖᴴ = 10ˡᵒᵍ[ᴴ₃ᴼ⁺]

10⁻ᵖᴴ = [H₃O+]

therefore:

10⁻³.¹⁷ = [H₃O+]

6.8x10⁻⁴ M = [H₃O+]

therefore the [H₃O+] is 6.8x10 minus 4 Molar

Answer:

I would say you are correct.

Explanation:

Answer:

I believe it'll be A (even though you chose it already).

Explanation:

The right response is D. the length of one compression and rarefaction.

A wave's wavelength is the separation between two adjacent locations that are in phase with one another. It is the actual distance covered by a single wave cycle.

Hence, one compression and one rarefaction are identical in length to one wavelength.

In a longitudinal wave, the medium's particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation. In the medium, this causes areas of compression and rarefaction. One wavelength is equal to the space between any two compressions or rarefactions that follow one another.

You can mark a spot on a medium and measure the distance between it and the following point that reaches the same phase of a longitudinal wave to determine its wavelength (either a compression or a rarefaction). To get a more precise measurement, you can then repeat this process numerous times and take an average.

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Answer:

We attach when we are convinced that we are incapable of healing ourselves or giving ourselves what we really want and need.

Explanation:

Hope you get right

The formula for calculating the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance is:

q = m * c * ΔT

where q is the amount of energy, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

We can rearrange this formula to solve for the mass of the metal:

m = q / (c * ΔT)

Substituting the given values, we get:

m = 832 J / (0.466 J/g*C * (71oC - 65oC))

m = 832 J / (0.466 J/g*C * 6oC)

m = 832 J / 2.796 J/g

m = 297.1387678 g

Rounding to five significant figures, the mass of the metal sample is 297.14 g.

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Answer: yes they are

Explanation:

because its so hot and the heat just stays at the bottom

The molarity of the NaOH(aq) solution is 0.156 M.

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide is H₂SO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l). From the balanced equation, it can be deduced that the mole ratio of NaOH to H₂SO₄ is 2:1. Hence, the moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = Molarity of H₂SO₄ × Volume of H₂SO₄ used in liters = 0.220 M × 0.03230 L = 0.007106 moles.

Using mole ratio, the moles of NaOH reacted = 2 × 0.007106 = 0.01421 moles. Molarity of NaOH = Moles of NaOH / Volume of NaOH used in liters= 0.01421 moles / 0.04630 L = 0.306 M or 0.156 M (rounded off to three significant figures). Thus, the molarity of the NaOH(aq) is 0.156 M.

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Answer:

When a Magnesium Ribbon is burnt, a powdery substance called magnesium oxide is formed.

Explanation:

There has obviously been a chemical change because several chemical properties of the magnesium have been modified:  the color, the texture and the mass.

The increase in mass is due to the fact that oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium to make magnesium oxide, MgO.

The chemical equation, Mg + O2  MgO shows this reaction but it needs to be balanced to make 2Mg + O2  2MgO.  

Using stoichiometry, we can convert this eqation into an equation with moles:  

2 mol Mg + 1 mol O2  2 mol MgO.  

Next, we convert to grams using atomic masses obtained from the periodic table:

48g Mg + 32g O2  80g MgO

Lastly, we determine the same thing in the proportions we used.  In other words, we used only 0.15g of Mg (not 48g) so everything needs to be divided by 320.  So 80 / 320 = 0.25 g.  If we burn 0.15 g of Mg, we obtain 0.25 g of MgO.

Hope this helps!!!

This is my first answer.

C2H2 will be left  when the burning is complete.

The equation of the reaction is; 2C2H2 + 5O2 --> 4CO2 + 2H2O

The number of moles of C2H2 reacting is = 1.20 g/26 g/mol = 0.046 moles

The number of moles of O2 is = 3.50 g/32 g/mol = 0.109 moles

Since;

2 mole of C2H2 reacts with 5 moles of O2

x moles of C2H2 reacts with 0.109 moles of O2

x = 2 mole × 0.109 moles/5 moles

x = 0.044 moles of C2H2.

It then follows that C2H2 is the reactant in excess so C2H2  will be left  when the burning is complete.

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The d-orbital starts in the third energy level (n = 3) of an atom.

Each energy level can contain one or more sublevels, including s, p, d, and f sublevels. The first energy level (n = 1) has one s orbital and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. The second energy level (n = 2) has one s orbital and three p orbitals, allowing for a maximum of 8 electrons. The third energy level (n = 3) has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, accommodating a maximum of 18 electrons.

The d-orbitals are found in the third energy level, corresponding to the third period of the periodic table. Therefore, the period number for the energy level where the d-orbital starts is 3.

The filling order of orbitals follows the pattern: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, and so on. The d-orbitals start filling after the p-orbitals in the third energy level. The electron configuration for the third energy level is written as 3s^2 3p^6 3d^1-10, depending on the element.

For example, the electron configuration of iron (Fe) is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^6 4s^2. This configuration indicates that the d-orbitals of iron are half-filled with 5 electrons.

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the colligative molality of seawater is approximately 1.10 m, the vapor pressure of sea water at 20 °c is 16.412 torr, the vapor pressure of pure water at 20 °c is 17.54 torr.

Vapour pressure rises with temperature and is a measurement of a substance's propensity to transform into a gaseous or vapour state. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the pressure imposed by its surroundings equals the vapour pressure present at the liquid's surface. A liquid's thermodynamic propensity to evaporate is indicated by the equilibrium vapour pressure.

Given that-

Vapor  pressure of pure water (P₀) = 17.54 torr

Molality (m) = 1.10 m

Let, vapour pressure of sea water = P

As we know,

m = [(P₀ - P) / P₀] × (1000 / M(solute))

1.10 = [(17.54 - P) / 17.54] × (1000 / 58.44)

P = 16.412 torr    [considering NaCl in sea water]

Hence, vapour pressure of sea-water is: 16.412 torr

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Answer: 2 and 4

Explanation:

Yes, I believe that mannitol will be soluble in water.

Mannitol is a sugar alcohol with a chemical formula of C6H14O6. Its chemical structure consists of a six-carbon ring with hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to each carbon atom. These hydroxyl groups give mannitol its polar nature, meaning it has a partial positive and partial negative charge on different ends of the molecule. Water is also a polar molecule due to its bent shape and the presence of polar covalent bonds between its atoms.

When mannitol is added to water, the polar nature of the molecule allows it to form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules. These hydrogen bonds help to break apart the ionic and hydrogen bonds within mannitol, allowing it to dissolve and become evenly dispersed throughout the water. Therefore, mannitol is soluble in water due to its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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Answer:

A 1.732 g sample of iron is heated in air. It oxidizes to form a product with a mass of 2.205 g. What is the empirical formula of the product? FeO 4. Caffeine is made of 49.48% carbon, 5.19% hydrogen, 28.85% nitrogen, and 16.48% oxygen by mass.

Explanation:

The empirical formula of the product formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen is FeO.

Let's consider the following generic chemical equation:

Fe + O₂ ⇄ FexOy

According to the law of conservation of mass, the sum of the masses of the reactants is equal to the sum of the masses of the products. The mass of O₂ that reacted, and remains in the oxide is:

\(mFe + mO_2 = mFexOy\\mO_2 = mFexOy - mFe = 2.205 g - 1.732 g = 0.473 g\)

The oxide has 1.732 g of Fe and 0.473 g of oxygen and a total mass of 2.205 g. To determine the empirical formula, we need to calculate the percent composition.

\(\%Fe = \frac{mFe}{mFexOy} \times 100 \% = \frac{1.732 g}{2.205 g} \times 100 \% = 78.55\%\)

\(\%O = \frac{mO}{mFexOy} \times 100 \% = \frac{0.473 g}{2.205 g} \times 100 \% = 21.45\%\)

Now, we will divide each percentage by the atomic mass of the element.

\(Fe: 78.55/55.85 = 1.406\\O: 21.45/16.00 = 1.340\)

Finally, we divide both numbers by the smallest one.

\(Fe: 1.406/1.340 \approx 1 \\O: 1.340/1.340 = 1\)

The empirical formula of the product is FeO.

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The question is: Give the systematic name of \(SiF_{2}\).

Answer: The systematic name of \(SiF_{2}\) is silicon difluoride.

Explanation:

The given compound has chemical formula \(SiF_{2}\). It shows that there is one atom of silicon and two atoms of fluorine are present.

So, the number "two" will be represented by the prefix "di" while naming this compound.

Hence, systematic name of this compound is silicon difluoride.

Thus, we can conclude that systematic name of \(SiF_{2}\) is silicon difluoride.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

An orbital is is the space occupied by a pair of electrons. The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2.

The maximum number of electrons in in the orbitals are two.

For s-sublevel with one orbital we have two electrons

      p-sublevel with three orbitals we have six electrons

      d - sublevel with five orbitals we have ten electrons

     f - sublevel with seven orbitals we have fourteen electrons

Each orbital can take a maximum of two electrons.