The type of products obtained in a chemical reaction is largely determined by the electrons in the reacting chemicals.
Calculating the amounts of reactants or products in a chemical reaction using the connections given in the balanced chemical equation is known as stoichiometry. By comparing the numbers of each sort of atom in the reactants and products, you previously learned how to balance chemical equations.
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary charge electric charge. Due to their lack of components or substructure, electrons, which are members of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles.
When one or more chemicals are transformed into one or more other compounds, a chemical reaction takes place. Example: the formation of rust when iron and oxygen combine. Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water are produced when vinegar and baking soda are combined.
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what is the percentage mass of oxygen in barium phosphate?
3. If 25.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl is titrated with 0.150 M Ba(OH)2 what volume of barium hydroxide is required to neutralize the acid? 2 HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(aq) 4. How many milliliters of 0.250 M HCl are required to neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.100 M Ba(OH)2?
To neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl, 16.67 mL of 0.150 M Ba(OH)₂ is required. To neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.100 M Ba(OH)₂, 40.0 mL of 0.250 M HCl is needed.
1. For the first question, use the balanced equation: 2 HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → BaCl₂(aq) + 2 H₂O(aq). Moles of HCl = 25.0 mL x 0.100 M = 2.50 mmol. Since the ratio is 2:1, 2.50 mmol HCl requires 1.25 mmol Ba(OH)₂. To find the volume of Ba(OH)₂, divide by its molarity: 1.25 mmol / 0.150 M = 16.67 mL.
2. For the second question, use the same balanced equation. Moles of Ba(OH)₂ = 20.0 mL x 0.100 M = 2.00 mmol. Since the ratio is 1:2, 2.00 mmol Ba(OH)₂ requires 4.00 mmol HCl. To find the volume of HCl, divide by its molarity: 4.00 mmol / 0.250 M = 40.0 mL.
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definition of chemical bond
Answer:
It is a force of attraction that holds the atoms/ions with each other to form a molecule or between the molecules to form a substance.
Explanation:
The chemical bond can be thought of as a force that holds the atoms of various elements together in such compounds.
Consider the Solutions A-E:
A - 150 mM NaCl
B - 100 mM glucose + 100 mM NaCl
C - 100 mM Drug X (a small non-polar molecule) + 150 mM NaCl D - 150 mM MgCl2
E - 300 mM fructose
1. What would happen if red blood cells were placed in Solution A
2. What will the tonicity of solutions B, C, D and E be, compared to solution A and each other?
When red blood cells are placed in Solution A, which contains 150 mM NaCl, no significant changes occur because the concentration of sodium chloride is similar to that of the cells' internal environment. The isotonic nature of Solution A ensures that there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, resulting in the cells maintaining their normal shape and size.
However, when comparing the tonicity of Solutions B, C, D, and E to Solution A and each other, differences arise. Tonicity refers to the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution on a cell and is influenced by the concentration of solutes within the solution. Solutions B and E both contain additional solutes along with NaCl.
Solution B, consisting of 100 mM glucose and 100 mM NaCl, has a higher tonicity compared to Solution A. Glucose cannot freely cross the cell membrane, creating an osmotic gradient that draws water into the red blood cells, causing them to swell.
Solution C contains 100 mM Drug X, a small non-polar molecule, along with 150 mM NaCl. Since Drug X is non-polar, it can freely cross the cell membrane. The presence of Drug X does not significantly affect the tonicity compared to Solution A, as it does not create an osmotic gradient.
In contrast, Solution D, which contains 150 mM MgCl2, has a higher tonicity than Solution A. MgCl2 dissociates into Mg2+ and Cl- ions, both of which cannot cross the cell membrane easily. The higher concentration of impermeable ions creates an osmotic gradient, leading to water loss from the red blood cells and causing them to shrink.
Lastly, Solution E consisting of 300 mM fructose has a higher tonicity compared to Solution A. Fructose cannot freely cross the cell membrane, resulting in an osmotic gradient that draws water into the red blood cells, causing them to swell.
In summary, placing red blood cells in Solution A does not produce significant changes in the cells. However, when comparing the tonicity of Solutions B, C, D, and E to Solution A and each other, variations in osmotic pressure occur due to the presence of different solutes.
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A sample of gas at an initial volume of 4.2 L an initial pressure of 1.12 atm, and an initial temperature of 186 K simultaneously changes its temperature to 355 K and its pressure to 0.82 atm What is the final volume of the gas? [3 SF) (10.91)
The isolation of p-aminobenzoic acid is the trickiest step due to the formation of an amino compound. Why don't we do the esterification step prior to the deprotection step?
Doing the esterification step prior to the deprotection step in the isolation of p-aminobenzoic acid is not preferred because it would result in the formation of an ester instead of the desired amino compound.
In the process of isolating p-aminobenzoic acid, the deprotection step is crucial for converting the protected form of the compound into its free form. The protected form usually involves temporarily blocking or protecting certain functional groups to prevent unwanted reactions during synthesis.
If the esterification step is performed before deprotection, it would result in the formation of an ester compound rather than the desired amino compound. Esterification involves the reaction between an alcohol and an acid, resulting in the formation of an ester and water. This reaction would occur between the protected p-aminobenzoic acid, which contains a carboxylic acid group, and the alcohol used for esterification.
To obtain p-aminobenzoic acid, it is necessary to remove the protecting group before performing any reactions that involve the carboxylic acid group. This is typically achieved through a deprotection step, which selectively removes the protecting group while leaving the desired functional groups intact.
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If the pOH of a solution is 2, what is the concentration of H+ ions in that solution?
Between Si, P, Ge, and Se which element has the largest covalent radius?
This diagram illustrates the life cycle of a tomato plant. Which stage in this plant life cycle is the adult? Tomato Plant Life Cycle
Answer:
the answer is A
Explanation:
hope it hlp
why a rigid sphere would float or sink.
Answer:
We Assume that the smaller sphere has the same amount of stuff as the larger sphere, but in a smaller space, therefore it is more dense and will sink. The larger sphere floats because it's mass is not large enough to displace the same volume of water.
And also do Remember: Anything is less dense, means it would be having less stuff in that same volume...
Which of the following would most likely be spontaneous?
A reaction that requires energy would be spontaneous.
What is spontaneous process?A spontaneous process is one in which we can proceed without additional input of energy releasing free energy and then moves to a lower more stable thermodynamical state.
Therefore, A reaction that requires energy would be spontaneous process. (option b)
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a 23.23 g sample of a substance is initially at 22.5 °c. after absorbing 2477 j of heat, the temperature of the substance is 129.4 °c. what is the specific heat ( c ) of the substance?
The specific heat (c) of a substance can be calculated using the equation: Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, we have a 23.23 g sample of the substance that absorbs 2477 J of heat, resulting in a temperature change of 106.9 °C (129.4 °C - 22.5 °C). By substituting these values into the equation and solving for c, we can determine the specific heat of the substance.
In this scenario, a 23.23 g sample of the substance initially at 22.5 °C absorbs 2477 J of heat, resulting in a temperature increase of 106.9 °C (129.4 °C - 22.5 °C). To determine the specific heat (c) of the substance, we can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature. By substituting the given values, we have 2477 J = (23.23 g)(c)(106.9 °C). Solving this equation for c, we find that the specific heat of the substance is approximately 1.10 J/g°C.
Therefore, the specific heat of the substance is approximately 1.10 J/g°C. This value indicates the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius.
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A sealed 3.0L container has a pressure of 1.0 atm at 20.0 °C and is heated to a
temperature of 450. K. What is the pressure inside of the container at this temperature?
Answer:
1.0372kPa or 4.6075K
Explanation:
I don't know what one Mr. Williams wants but I got both of these
What can be said of a compound whose liquid has a freezing point of 82 C? The solid sublimes at 41°C The liquid has a boiling point of 164°C The solid has a melting pent of 82°C O The solid has a melting point of 41 °C
The correct option is A, The compound's solid form does not melt at 82°C but instead sublimes (directly transitions from a solid to a gas) at 41°C
Sublime is a term that can have multiple meanings depending on the context in which it is used. In general, "sublime" refers to something of exceptional beauty, grandeur, or excellence that evokes feelings of awe, admiration, or transcendence. It often implies an experience or object that surpasses ordinary or mundane qualities. In aesthetics, the concept of the sublime originated in the 18th century and was associated with a sense of overwhelming greatness, often found in nature. It encompasses the idea of encountering something so powerful or vast that it elicits a mixture of fear and fascination.
Sublime can also describe an elevated state of consciousness or a feeling of spiritual or intellectual enlightenment. It implies reaching a heightened level of understanding, perception, or creativity. Furthermore, "sublime" can be used to describe something exceptionally well-executed, whether it be a work of art, a musical composition, or a literary piece. It implies mastery, skill, and the ability to create something extraordinary.
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Complete Question:
What can be said of a compound whose liquid has a freezing point of 82 C?
A). The solid sublimes at 41°C
B). The liquid has a boiling point of 164°C
C). The solid has a melting pent of 82°C
D). The solid has a melting point of 41 °C
Select the correct answer.
An ion has a net charge of 3+. If this ion has 8 protons, how many electrons does it have?
A. 3
B.
un
OC. 7
D.
00
E.
11
Answer:
5
Explanation:
An ion has a net charge of 3+
ion has 8 protons
How many electrons does it have
A neutral atom has equal number of electrons and protons.
If a neutral atom loses electron it acquires a positive charge.
So to acquire 3+ charge the atom must have lost three electrons.
So the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons by 3.
A certain first-order reaction has a rate constant of 2. 65×10−2s−1 at 16 ∘C. What is the value of k at 63 ∘C if Ea = 88. 5 kJ/mol ?
To determine the value of the rate constant (k) at 63 °C given the rate constant (k) at 16 °C and the activation energy (Ea), we can use the Arrhenius equation:
k2 = k1 * exp((Ea/R) * ((1/T2) - (1/T1)))
Where:
k1 = rate constant at temperature T1
k2 = rate constant at temperature T2
Ea = activation energy (in J/mol)
R = gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
T1 = initial temperature (in Kelvin)
T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin)
First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:
T1 = 16 + 273.15 = 289.15 K
T2 = 63 + 273.15 = 336.15 K
Now we can plug in the values into the Arrhenius equation:
k2 = (2.65×10^(-2) s^(-1)) * exp((88.5 * 10^3 J/mol) / (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * ((1/336.15 K) - (1/289.15 K)))
Simplifying the equation and calculating the value of k2 will give you the rate constant at 63 °C.
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What is the balanced equation for the unbalanced equation
Mg(s) + O2(g) -> MgO(s)
Answer:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)
Explanation:
Mg(s) + O2(g) -> MgO(s)
1 Mg atom and 2 O atoms on the reactant side | 1 Mg atom and 1 O atom on the product side.
add a 2 infront of MgO to balance the O atoms:
Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)
Now there's 1 Mg atom and 2 O atoms on the reactant side | 2 Mg atoms and 2O atons on the product side.
Now add a 2 infront of the Mg on the ractant side:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)
Now there are 2 Mg and 2 O atoms on both the reactant and product sides.
How many moles of potassium chloride (KCl) can be produced by the decomposition of 4.0 mol of potassium chlorate (KClO3).
It takes 4 moles of potassium chlorate to make 6 moles of oxygen gas.
How many moles of KCl are generated from the breakdown of one mole of KClO3?Due to the fact that there will only be 1 chemical present, this indicates that approximately 2 moles of KCL03 will disintegrate. It will break down into two moles of KCL and three moles of oxygen.
How many grammes of oxygen gas are created when 5.00 moles of potassium chlorate are broken down?We can observe that three moles of oxygen are created from two moles of potassium chlorate. As a result, we can say that 1.9684 g of oxygen will be created during the entire breakdown of 5 g of $KClO 3$.
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Use VSEPR theory to predict the electron-pair geometry and the molecular geometry of CH3Cl. a. The electron-pair geometry is linear, the molecular geometry is linear. b. The electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral, the molecular geometry is trigonal-pyramidal. c. The electron-pair geometry is trigonal-planar, the molecular geometry is bent. d. The electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral, the molecular geometry is tetrahedral. e. The electron-pair geometry is trigonal-planar, the molecular geometry is trigonal planar. Group of answer choices
Answer:
d. The electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral, the molecular geometry is tetrahedral.
Explanation:
According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, the shape of a molecule depends on the number of electrons pairs surrounding the valence shell of the central atom in the molecule.
In CH3Cl, the central atom is carbon. Carbon has four regions of electron density surrounding it and no lone pairs. Lone pairs cause molecules to deviate from the expected geometry.
Since CH3Cl has no lone pairs on the carbon central atom, both the molecular and electron pair geometries are tetrahedral.
In CH₃Cl, the electron-pair geometry is trigonal-planar, and the molecular geometry is bent. Therefore, option C is correct.
According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, the electron pairs around the central atom in CH₃Cl will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, resulting in a specific geometry.
In CH₃Cl, the central atom is carbon (C), and it is surrounded by three hydrogen atoms (H) and one chlorine atom (Cl).
The electron-pair geometry is determined by the arrangement of these electron pairs.
Molecular geometry considers only the atoms around the central atom, not the lone pairs.
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hydrolysis of sucrose a disaccharide results in
Answer:
The hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose results in the formation of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and the ∆G of this reaction is -29.3 kJ/mol. Sucrase is an enzyme that is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Explanation:
If 30.6 calories are required to vaporize 25 g of a substance, what is the heat of vaporization of that substance
If 30.6 calories are required to vaporize 25 g of a substance, then the heat of vaporization of that substance is 1.224 calories per gram (cal/g).
If 30.6 calories are required to vaporize 25 g of a substance, then the heat of vaporization of that substance can be calculated as follows: Q = m × Lv, where Q = amount of heat required m = Mass of the substance Lv = heat of vaporization of the substanceIn this case, m = 25 g and Q = 30.6 calories. Substituting these values in the above equation, we get:30.6 = 25 × Lv⇒ Lv = 30.6 / 25⇒ Lv = 1.224 calories per gram (cal/g). The heat of vaporization is a physical property of a substance that is defined as the amount of heat energy required to convert one unit of the substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase at a constant temperature and pressure. It is represented by the symbol Lv and has units of calories per gram (cal/g) or joules per kilogram (J/kg).
The heat of vaporization is an important property of a substance because it determines the amount of heat energy that is required to change the phase of the substance from a liquid to a gas. This is why the heat of vaporization is used in many industrial processes, such as distillation, evaporation, and drying, where the aim is to convert a liquid into a gas in order to separate or purify the components of a mixture. The heat of vaporization is related to the intermolecular forces between the molecules of a substance. A substance with weak intermolecular forces will have a low heat of vaporization, while a substance with strong intermolecular forces will have a high heat of vaporization.
Therefore, if 30.6 calories are required to vaporize 25 g of a substance, then the heat of vaporization of that substance is 1.224 calories per gram (cal/g).
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The heat of vaporization of that substance, given that 30.6 calories are required to vaporize 25 g of a substance is 1.224 cal/grams
How do i determine the heat of vaporization of the substance?First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. Details below:
Heat energy required (Q) = 30.6 calories Mass of substance (m) = 25 gramsHeat of vaporization =?The heat of vaporization of that substance can be obtain as illustrated below:
Heat energy = mass × heat of vaporization
Inputting the given parameters, we have
30.6 calories = 25 grams × heat of vaporization
Divide both sides by 25 grams
Heat of vaporization = 30.6 calories / 25 grams
= 1.224 cal/grams
Thus, the heat of vaporization of the substance is 1.224 cal/grams
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match electrons answer help
Answer:
carbon- 4
hydrogen- 1
magnesium- 2
oxygen- 6
hope it helps!
Answer:
CARBON - 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS HYDROGEN - 1 MAGNESIUM - 2 OXYGEN - 6You place a book on your desk, and then you begin to lift one edge of the desk. You make the following observations: At first the book does not move. When you lift the desk edge higher, the book begins to slide slowly. As you lower the desk slightly, the book slows down, then stops. Use your knowledge of forces and friction to explain your observations.
Explanation:
The movement of an object involves two forces: the force applied to the body which causes acceleration of the object called kinetic force and the force that opposes it called the friction. These forces are involved in the movement of the book as:
1. When a book is kept on the desk, since no external force is applied to the book therefore the book remains at rest.
2. When the desk is placed in an inclined position, the inclined position causes the sliding of the book but as the book moves down the force of friction increases which causes the book to come at rest. This force of friction is known as the sliding force.
The movement of the book on the table has been attributed to the applied force in the inclined position, while the slowing down of the book's motion contributes to the friction.
What is force and friction?Force can be defined as the pressure exerted to produce the motion of the object. The friction has been the stopping force that stops the motion of the object.
The inclination of the table resulted in the application of tangential force to the book, that favors the motion of the object.
The lowering of the table results in the stopping of the motion of the book. The lesser stopping force of the book motion was favored with the frictional force between the book and the table.
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Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of glucose polymers. The caloric value for glucose is3.9 kcal/g. You eat a potato that weighs 174 g. Assume that 92% of the total mass of apotato is starch. Determine (a) how many kcal, and how many kJ of energy were in thepotato you ate. 1 cal (gram calorie) = 4.184 joules. Show all your work
We are told that starch consists of glucose polymer, so we can assume that the caloric value of starch will be equal to the caloric value of glucose, that is, 3.9kcal/g.
Now to determine the kcal and kJ there were in the potato we must calculate the mass of starch present in that potato. We are told that it is 92% starch, therefore the mass of starch in the potato will be:
\(gStarch=174g\times\frac{92\%}{100\%}=160.gStarch\)We have that in the potato there are 160.08 grams of starch. By multiplying it by the caloric value we will have the kcal that were in the potato, assuming that the rest of the ingredients do not contribute caloric value, or it is insignificant.
\(\text{kcal of potato}=160g\times3.9\frac{kcal}{g}=624\text{kcal}\)To calculate the kJ we must make the conversion using the relationship that 1 cal is equal to 4.184 joules:
\(\text{kJ of potato}=624kcal\times\frac{1000cal}{kcal}\times\frac{4.184J}{1cal}\times\frac{1kJ}{1000J}=2612kJ\)In the potato, there were 624 kcal of energy or 2612kJ of energy.
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent invasive species from becoming a bigger issue? A Stay updated on research around new invasive species in your community. B Introduce unknown species to new environments for research purposes. Educate ourselves and others on guidelines around invasive species. Read up on local environmental laws before traveling with any animals or plants.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B
6. A diamond contains 5.0 ×10^21 atoms of carbon. What amount(moles) of carbon and what mass (grams) of carbon are in this diamond? *
a. 0.008303 and 0.0997
b. 0.008303g and 0.0997mol
c. 0.008303amu and 0.0997
d. 0.008303 and 0.0997amu
Answer:
0.008303 mol and 0.0997 g
Explanation:
From Avogadro's hypothesis, we understood that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022×10²³ atoms.
This implies that 1 mole of carbon also contains 6.022×10²³ atoms.
Next, we shall determine the mole of carbon that contains 5.0×10²¹ atoms. This can be obtained as follow:
1 mole of carbon contains 6.022×10²³ atoms.
Therefore, Xmol of carbon will contain 5.0×10²¹ atoms i.e
Xmol of carbon = 5.0×10²¹ / 6.022×10²³
Xmol of carbon = 0.008303 mole
Therefore, 0.008303 mole of carbon contains 5.0×10²¹ atoms.
Finally, we shall determine the mass of carbon. This can be obtained as follow:
Mole of carbon = 0.008303 mole
Molar mass of carbon = 12.01 g/mol
Mass of Carbon =.?
Mole = mass /Molar mass
0.008303 = mass of carbon/12.01
Cross multiply
Mass of Carbon = 0.008303 x 12.01
Mass of Carbon = 0.0997 g.
Which statement about the quantum mechanical solution for the hydrogen atom is incorrect?
A) the angular momentum quantum number l = 1 corresponds to the d sub shell
B) theoretically the n quantum number can go to infinity
C) the ms quantum number is always a fraction
D) the ml quantum number can have a positive or negative value
Answer:
A) the angular momentum quantum number l = 1 corresponds to the d sub shell
Explanation:
The values of the subsidiary, azimuthal or orbital quantum number l are 0,1,2,3 corresponding to s, p, d,f.
This implies that;
when l= 0 we have the s subshell
when l=1 we have the p subshell
when l= 2 we have the d subshell
when we have l=3 we have the f subshell
We can clearly see from this analysis above that option A is wrong.
En una molécula de cualquier sustancia existe es : *
a) la unión de iones
b) la unión de átomos
c) la unión de electrones
d) la unión de protones
AYUDAAAAAAAAAA
at the bottom of the ocean a rock has a mass 25 g. At sea level the same rock wilk have a mass of:
less than 25 g
more than 25 g
exactly 25 g
Answer:
exactly 25 g
Explanation:
The mass of an object is universally the same every where. Even in outer space.
This is because, mass is the amount of matter contained in a substance. Since there is no loss in the amount of matter, the mass of the body stays the same.
It is weight that is subjected to changes with the value of gravity. Weight differs from places to places. A place with higher gravity will have a higher value of weight for any given mass.Mass accounts for every individual matter present in a substance.
When they remain the same, mass does not change. Only a change in the amount of matter in a body can cause variation in mass.
Therefore, at the bottom of the ocean, a body will have the same mass as on top and even at sea level.
Answer:
c. exactly 25 g
Explanation:
Which of the accompanying depictions show the electron distribution in the h2o molecule correctly?
The accompanying depictions show the electron distribution in the H₂O molecule is H : ₊°O°₊ : H.
The chemical formula of water is H₂O,
Electron configuration or electron distribution is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals, for example, the electron configuration of a neon atom is 1s²2s²2p⁶. Similarly,
The electronic configuration of O is 1s²2s²2p⁴,
So, it has a total of 6 valance electrons among them 2 are used to make bonds with H and the rest are present as lone pairs.
So, H₂O have two bonded pair of electrons and two lone pair of electrons. And the structure formed is,
H : ₊°O°₊ : H.
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