if your sample of potassium feldspar contains 50% argon-40 and 50% potassium-40, how many half-lives have passed?

It is true that most metals,semiconductors , and ceramics have a crystalline structure in which the atoms or ions display short-range order.

This means that the atoms or ions in these materials are arranged in a specific pattern that repeats itself over and over again, giving the material its characteristic structure. This short-range order is what gives these materials their unique properties, such as their strength, semiconductorsconductivity, and thermal stability. So, the statement that most metals, semiconductors, and ceramics have a crystalline structure in which the atoms or ions display short-range order is true.It is true that most metals, semiconductors, and ceramics have a crystalline structure in which the atoms or ions display short-range order. This means that the atoms or ions in these materials are arranged in a specific pattern that repeats itself over and over again, giving the material its characteristic structure. This short-range order is what gives these materials their unique properties, such as their strength, conductivity, and thermal stability. So, the statement that most metals, semiconductors, and ceramics have a crystalline structure in which the atoms or ions display short-range order is true.

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Answer:

3 hours

Explanation:

s=d/t

1200=3600/t

3600/1200=t

t=3

CO₃²⁻ is non polar. Its bond order is 1.33.

Due to the presence of resonance and symmetry in the CO₃²⁻ molecule, it is an overall non-polar molecule. The geometry of carbonate ion is trigonal planar. Among the three oxygen atoms attached to the central carbon atom, the negative charge is evenly distributed.

Bond order of a molecule is defined as the number of bonds present between a pair of atoms. The total number of bonds present in a carbonate ion molecule is 4.

And the bond groups between the individual atoms is 3.

Therefore bond order is 4/3 = 1.33

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Answer:

On bullets, the class characteristics are the rifling specifications of the barrel from which the bullet was fired. ... In a barrel, the individual characteristics are produced by the random imperfections and irregularities of the tool or tools used to produce the lands and grooves, and by use, corrosion, or damage.

Explanation:

Answer:

During cytokinesis, which is a physical process of cell division, the cells divide the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells. The ring on the outside of the cell which is also known as a contractile ring, shrinks at the equator of the cell which causes pinching, and the plasma membrane goes inward. After all that happens there’s something called a cleavage furrow which is the formation of a dip between the two cells while they are splitting.

(You can sum it up, but I hope this helps!)

a) vapor, b) saturated liquid, c) saturated liquid, d) compressed liquid, e) compressed liquid, f) compressed liquid, g) compressed liquid, h) compressed liquid.

The phase of substances in different states using Thermodynamic Properties Tables (in Appendix B) is given below:

a) The phase of water at 60∘C and 60kPa is vapor.

b) The phase of water at 100∘C and 60kPa is saturated liquid.

c) The phase of water at 100∘C and 500kPa is saturated liquid.

d) The phase of water at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.

e) The phase of ammonia at -25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.

f) The phase of ammonia at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.

g) The phase of R-134a at -25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.

h) The phase of R-134a at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.

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Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, decomposes to form calcium oxide, CaO, and carbon dioxide, CO2. The balanced chemical equation for this decomposition reaction is:

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

To determine the number of moles of calcium carbonate that react, you need to know the molar mass of calcium carbonate. The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100.09 g/mol.

Now, you can use the molar mass of calcium carbonate to calculate the number of moles of calcium carbonate that react. To do this, divide the mass of calcium carbonate by its molar mass:

24.5 g CaCO3 / 100.09 g/mol = 0.2447 moles CaCO3

Therefore, 0.2447 moles of calcium carbonate react when 24.5 g of calcium carbonate decompose.

The order of decreasing boiling point for these compounds is KCl > CH2O > CO2.

This is because KCl has ionic bonds, which are stronger than the covalent bonds found in CH2O and CO2. Stronger bonds require more energy to break, thus requiring a higher boiling point. Additionally, CH2O has dipole-dipole interactions which add to its boiling point, while CO2 has only weak London dispersion forces.

To rank the following compounds in order of decreasing boiling point: KCl, CO2, and CH2O, you need to consider the types of intermolecular forces present in each compound.

1. Identify the intermolecular forces present in each compound:
  - KCl: Ionic bonding (between metal and non-metal)
  - CO2: London dispersion forces (non-polar molecule)
  - CH2O (formaldehyde): Dipole-dipole forces and London dispersion forces (polar molecule)

2. Compare the strengths of these intermolecular forces:
  - Ionic bonding > Dipole-dipole forces > London dispersion forces

3. Rank the compounds based on the strengths of their intermolecular forces:
  - KCl (Ionic bonding) > CH2O (Dipole-dipole forces) > CO2 (London dispersion forces)

So, the order of decreasing boiling point is: KCl > CH2O > CO2.

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Approximately 780,668 grams of water will be formed when 2.55 x \(10^{7}\)kJ of energy are produced.

To determine the grams of water formed when 2.55 x\(10^{7}\)kJ of energy are produced, we need to first find out how many moles of octane are combusted.

Using the heat of combustion of octane, which is -5294 kJ/mol, we can calculate the moles of octane combusted:

(2.55 x \(10^{7}\) kJ) / (-5294 kJ/mol) ≈ 4818.48 moles of octane

The balanced combustion reaction of octane (\(C_{8} H_{18}\)) is:

\(C_{8} H_{18}\) + 12.5 \(O_{2}\) → 8 \(CO_{2}\)+ 9 \(H_{2} O\)

From the balanced equation, 1 mole of octane forms 9 moles of water. Therefore, we can find out the moles of water formed:

4818.48 moles of octane * 9 moles of\(H_{2} O\)/mole of octane ≈ 43366.32 moles of \(H_{2} O\)

Now we can find the mass of the water produced using the molar mass of water (18.015 g/mol):

43366.32 moles of H2O * 18.015 g/mol ≈ 780667.99 g of water

So, approximately 780,668 grams of water will be formed when 2.55 x \(10^{7}\) kJ of energy are produced.

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9. (80-32)5/9

48×5/9

240/9

26.66°C

9. (90-32)5/9

58×5/9

32.22°C

10 (212-32)5/9

180×5/9

20×5

100°C

The diffusion coefficients for the interdiffusion of carbon in both (a) α-iron (BCC) and (b) γ-iron (FCC) are \(3.9379 * 10^{-13} m^2/s\) and \(6.37 * 10^{-14} m^2/s.\)

Given the temperature of  Î³-iron (FCC) = 925°C = 273 + 925 = 1198K

The D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in α-iron =  \(1.1 * 10^{-6}m^2/s\)

The D0 for the interdiffusion of carbon in γ-iron = \(2.3 * 10^{-5}m^2/s\)

The values of Qd of  Î±-iron = 80 kJ/mol while that of  Î³-iron = 148kJ/mol

Let the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-iron = D1

We know that it is calculated as: D = D0 * exp(-Qd/RT) such that:

Here R is the gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol/K

D1 =  \(1.1 * 10^{-6}m^2/s * exp(-80 kJ/mol / (8.3145 J/mol/K * 1198 K))\)

D1 = \(3.9379 * 10^{-13} m^2/s\)

(b.) Let the diffusion coefficient of carbon in  Î³-iron (FCC) is = D2

Similarly calculate D2 as:  D2 = D0 * exp(-Qd/RT)

D2 = \(2.3 * 10^{-5} m^2/s * exp(-148 kJ/mol / (8.3145 J/mol/K * 1198K))\)

D2 = \(6.37 * 10^{-14} m^2/s\)

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Answer:

Chemical formula: HNO₃

Melting point: −42 °C (−44 °F; 231 K)

Molar mass: 63.012 g·mol−1

Solubility in water: Miscible

Explanation:

When Conc HNO3 acid leaks into seawater presumed to be largely consisting of Sodium Chloride and other dissolved salts, I won't consider it as a chemical reaction rather it is a Physical Change. I presume this activity as a mixture when the acid been the solute becomes a contaminants

Answer:

Sodium and Chlorine would be the answer for this :)

The volume of 6.9 mol of oxygen at 233 K and a pressure of 4.0 atm is approximately 12.0L.

To calculate volume of a gas, we can make use of Ideal Gas Law equation. It is a fundamental equation in thermodynamics that describes the behaviour of an ideal gas under certain circumstances. It relates pressure(P), volume(V), number of moles (n), and temperature(T) of an ideal gas using the equation:

PV = nRT

Where P = Pressure of the gas,

           V = Volume of the gas,

           n = Number of moles of the gas,

           R = Ideal gas constant commonly expressed as 0.0821  L·atm/(mol·K) or 8.314 J/(mol·K),

          T = Temperature of the gas.

In the question, we are given with:

n = 6.9 mol

T = 233 k

P = 4.0 atm

Substituting the above values in the equation to find the volume, we get:

4.0 * V = 6.9 * 0.0821 * 233

V = (6.9 * 0.0821 * 233) / 4.0

V = 11.9997 (approximately 12.0)

Therefore, The volume of 6.9 mol of oxygen at 233 K and a pressure of 4.0 atm is approximately 12.0L.

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Gases consist of a large number of particles moving in random directions with varying velocities, so the kinetic energy of the gas as a whole cannot be determined.

The kinetic energy of a single particle in a gas can be expressed as 1/2 mv^2, where m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity. The kinetic energy of the gas as a whole cannot be determined by simply adding up the kinetic energy of all the individual particles. However, Instead, the behavior of gases is better described by the average kinetic energy of the particles, which is related to the temperature of the gas through the ideal gas law. Therefore, the kinetic energy of a single particle is not very useful for the analysis of gases.

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Answer:

During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to create fuel, glucose and other sugars for building plant structures. This process forms the foundation of the fast carbon cycle.In all four processes, the carbon dioxide released in the reaction usually ends up in the atmosphere.

Answer:

During photosynthesis, plants also absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to create fuel, glucose, and other sugars for building plant structures. This process forms the foundation of the fast carbon cycle.

Explanation:

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In order to answer the question first we must write the atomic number of each element:

Zirconium (Zr): 40

Cadmium (Cd): 48

Iridium (Ir): 77

Iron (Fe): 26

Then, we have to complete the distribution of electrons in each orbital for each atom:

The first 4 levels have the following distribution:

Level1: 1s

Number of electrones: 2

Level 2: 2s, 2p

Number of electrones 8 (2 in the s orbital and 6 in the p orbitals).

Level3: 3s, 3p, 3d

Number of electrones 18 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbital and 10 in the d orbitals)

Level 4: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

Number of electrones 32 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbitals, 10 in the d orbitals and 14 in the f orbitals)

The order in which the orbitlas are completed depends on the energy of each level. For example the 4s orbitals will be completed before the 3d orbitals because their energy is lower.

The order is as follows:

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p...

Now, knowing the atomic number we can answer the question:

For Zirconium (total 40 electrones):

2 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For Cadmium (total 48 electrones):

10 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For iridium, as it has an atomic number higher than Cadmium we can predict tha it also complets the 4d orbital, then it has also 10 electrones in it.

For iron (total 26 electrones)

Iron has no electrones in the 4d orbitals

The correct name of the molecule depends on the arrangement of the substituents on the cyclopentane ring.

If the chlorine atom and the two methyl groups are on the same side of the ring, the molecule is called cis-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane.

If the chlorine atom and the two methyl groups are on opposite sides of the ring, the molecule is called trans-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane.

Therefore, both "cis-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane" and "trans-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane" are correct names for the molecule, and two of the options provided in the question are acceptable.

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If only an element’s atomic number and weight are provided, the number of protons, electrons and neutrons can also be determined.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom while the mass number is the sum of the atomic number and the number of neutrons.

An atom has three subatomic particles namely;

The number of protons of an element is the atomic number of that element.

This means that if only an element’s atomic number and weight are provided, the number of protons, electrons and neutrons can also be determined.

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Answer:

(Question) If only an element’s atomic number and weight are provided, what other atomic information can be determined for a neutral atom?

(Answer) the number of protons, electrons and neutrons

(Question) What quality differentiates hydrogen (H) from the other elements in group 1, the alkali metals?

(Answer) It is a non-metal.

(Question) On which atomic property proposed by Henry Moseley is the current periodic table of the elements based?

(Answer) atomic number

(Question) You plan to pass alpha particles through a field that contains a consistent type of particle. Which configuration will result in the largest deflection of alpha particles?

(Answer) low-energy alpha particles passing through a field of high mass-number-particles

(Question) Which statement about metals and nonmetals is correct?

(Answer) Metals can be hammered into thin sheets, and nonmetals are brittle.

(Question) Based on properties of elements in the periodic table, which element is the best conductor of thermal energy?

(Answer) vanadium (V)

(Question) Which element has four valence electrons?

(Answer) silicon (Si)

(Question) Which statement best explains why hydrogen’s atomic number is equal to its mass?

(Answer) Hydrogen does not have any neutrons.

(Question) Which statement correctly compares the valence electrons for atoms of francium (Fr) and barium (Ba)?

(Answer) Francium has fewer valence electrons, but they are in a higher energy level.

(Question) Why are the noble gases the least reactive elements?

(Answer) They have a full valence electron shell.

(Question) Group 2 elements have two valence electrons. Which kind of bond will they most likely form, and why?

(Answer) An ionic bond is likely because they will want to give away two valence electrons in order to become stable.

(Question) How many electrons can carbon accept from other atoms while bonding?

(Answer) four

(Question) An element has six valence electrons. Which ionic charge will its ion carry?

(Answer) 2-

Questions 14, 15, & 16 are written responses good luck.

Explanation:

There are 0,419 moles of glucose in a sample that weights 75.5g.

To calculate the amount in moles of glucose in 75.5g, we first need the molar mass of this compound. To calculate that I'll be using the following atomic mass values:

C: 12

H: 1

O: 16

To calculate the molar mass, we multiply the number of atoms by the respective atomic mass:

(6 * 12) + (12 * 1) + (6 * 16) = 180 g/mol

Since the molar mass is 180 g/mol, we know that each mol has 180 g of glucose:

1 mol glucose ---------- 180g glucose

x --------------------------- 75.5g glucose

Solving for x, we have x = 0.419 moles of glucose

To solve this, we must know each and every concept that is related to electrolytic solution. Therefore, In solution, an electrolyte produces ions. The correct option is option A.

In chemistry and physics, an electrolyte is a substance that conducts electric current by separating into positively and negatively charged particles known as ions, which migrate toward and are normally released at the negative and positive terminals.

Acids, bases, and salts are the most common electrolytes, which ionize when saturated in solvents such as water or alcohol. An electrolyte readily dissociates into ions in solution.

Therefore, in solution, an electrolyte produces ions. The correct option is option A.

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The ability to control micturition (urination) is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other central nervous system (CNS) problems affecting the cerebral cortex or hypothalamus.

The cerebral cortex plays a crucial role in voluntary control of micturition. It receives sensory input from the bladder and regulates the coordination of the urinary sphincters and the detrusor muscle, which controls bladder contraction and emptying. The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of many bodily functions, including the control of water balance and hormonal regulation. It plays a role in coordinating the signals between the brain and the bladder to regulate urination. While the other structures mentioned (reticular activating system, hippocampus, corpora quadrigemina, pineal body) have important functions in the CNS, they are not directly associated with the control of micturition.

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Answer:

The substance is a mixture because it left a white powder in the beaker when boiled.

Explanation:

On the basis of the evidence collected, it can be concluded that unknown liquid substance is a compound as it left behind a residue in the beaker on decomposition.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties as those of elements because when a compound is formed the properties of the substance are totally altered.

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261.52 grams of zinc are needed to fully react with 8.0 moles of silver nitrate.

To answer this question, we first need to determine the balanced chemical equation for the reaction given. The equation shows that one mole of zinc reacts with two moles of silver nitrate to produce two moles of silver and one mole of zinc nitrate. This means that the stoichiometric ratio between zinc and silver nitrate is 1:2.

Next, we can use the given amount of silver nitrate (8.0 moles) to determine how much zinc is needed to react completely with it. Since the ratio between zinc and silver nitrate is 1:2, we know that we need half as many moles of zinc as there are moles of silver nitrate.

Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of zinc needed as follows:

Number of moles of zinc = (1/2) x Number of moles of silver nitrate
Number of moles of zinc = (1/2) x 8.0 mol
Number of moles of zinc = 4.0 mol

Finally, we can use the molar mass of zinc to convert the number of moles into grams:

Mass of zinc = Number of moles of zinc x Molar mass of zinc
Mass of zinc = 4.0 mol x 65.38 g/mol
Mass of zinc = 261.52 g

Therefore, 261.52 grams of zinc are needed to fully react with 8.0 moles of silver nitrate.

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One mole of cobalt contains 6.022 × 10²³ atoms and this number is called Avogadro number. Therefore, 2.50 mol of cobalt contains 15.05 × 10²³ atoms.

Cobalt is 27th element in periodic table. It is a transition metals and thus, classified into d-block elements. Its group members are rhenium and iridium.

Atoms are the basic units of every substance. Any substance containing 6.022× 10²³ atoms is called one mole of the substance.This number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number. Therefore, One mole of every elements contains Avogadro number of atoms.

One mole of cobalt contains 6.022 × 10²³ or Avogadro number of atoms. Thus number of atoms in 2.50 moles of cobalt is calculated by multiplying the number moles by Avogadro's number.

The number of atoms 2.50 moles of cobalt = 2.50 × 6.022 × 10²³

                                                                        = 15.05 × 10²³ atoms

Therefore, 2.50 moles of cobalt contains 15.05 × 10²³ atoms.

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To calculate the work (w) done by the nitrogen gas in joules, we need to use the formula:

w = -PΔV

Where P is the pressure in atmospheres, ΔV is the change in volume in liters, and the negative sign indicates that the gas is doing work on its surroundings.

In this case, P = 25 atm, ΔV = 10.0 L (since the volume increases from 5.0 L to 15.0 L), and we convert the units of pressure and volume to SI units:

P = 25 atm x 101.3 kPa/atm = 2532.5 kPa
ΔV = 10.0 L x 0.001 m3/L = 0.01 m3

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

w = -2532.5 kPa x 0.01 m3 = -25.325 J

Since the given conversion factor is 1 atm.L = 101.3 J, we can convert the units of work from joules to atm.L:

w = -25.325 J ÷ 101.3 J/atm.L = -0.25 atm.L

Therefore, the work done by the nitrogen gas is -0.25 atm.L, which indicates that the gas is doing work on its surroundings.
To calculate the work (w) done by the nitrogen gas as its volume increases from 5.0 L to 15.0 L against a constant pressure of 25 atm, we can use the formula:

w = -PΔV

where w is the work done, P is the constant pressure (25 atm), and ΔV is the change in volume (15.0 L - 5.0 L = 10.0 L).

w = -25 atm * 10.0 L

Now, we need to convert the work to Joules using the conversion factor 1 atm·L = 101.3 J:

w = -25 atm * 10.0 L * (101.3 J / 1 atm·L)

w = -25 * 10.0 * 101.3 J

w = -25325 J

So, the work done by the nitrogen gas is -25325 Joules.

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Isoborneol is the major product of camphor reduction because the reduction of camphor favored the production of isoborneol.

It is formed over borneol as opposed to an equal combination. The reason behind this is when the sodium borohydride attacks the camphor, it might attack in the endo-phase. Also, because of the steric strain caused by the two geminal methyl groups on one side of the cyclohexane ring.

Thereby, If isoborneol is oxidized to camphor and camphor is reduced, it will form isoborneol and borneol and because of this, there are two possibilities for a nucleophilic attack.

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(b) electronegativity decreases left to right across the periodic table

Electronegativity increases from left to right in a period across the periodic table.

Electronegativity is a relative property that defines the tendency to attract shared pair of electrons. It is a unitless parameter that is calculated by different formulae.

Pauling scale is widely used to calculate the electronegativity values of a covalent bond. e.g. F = 4.0, Cl = 3.0, etc.

⇒Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom in the periodic table.

⇒Atomic radii decrease from left to right in the periodic table.

⇒Ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in the periodic table.

Inactivation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor will most likely result in an increase in the cell's rate of glycogen production.

According to Figure 1, the stimulation of glycogen breakdown and inhibition of glycogen synthesis result from the activation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors. Because glycogen synthesis is no longer hindered, the immediate result of the deactivation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors is an increase in the rate of glycogen synthesis in cells. Because glycogen phosphorylase may have been deactivated, the breakdown of glycogen in cells is no longer encouraged.

This multiple-choice query is:

A. Cyclic AMPAMP concentrations within cells will rise.

B. Protein kinase A's enzymatic activity will rise.

C. Glycogen phosphorylase will become more active.

D. The cell's rate of synthesising glycogen will quicken.

The correct option is D.

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The molecular formula of the compound is 3(CO2H) or C3O6H3.

The empirical formula and the molecular mass of a compound can help in determining its molecular formula. For the given composition of a compound that is 40% carbon, 6.67% hydrogen, and 53.33% oxygen with an empirical formula is CO2H, the molecular mass of this compound is 120 g/mol.

Now, we need to find the molecular formula of the compound.

Step-by-step explanation:

The empirical formula is CO2H, which is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound.

The molecular mass of the compound is 120 g/mol, which is the sum of the atomic masses of all the elements present in one molecule of the compound.

To find the molecular formula, we need to compare the empirical formula weight (EFW) with the molecular mass.

The empirical formula weight can be calculated as follows:

EFW = (atomic weight of C × number of atoms of C) + (atomic weight of H × number of atoms of H) + (atomic weight of O × number of atoms of O)

EFW = (12.01 × 1) + (1.008 × 1) + (16.00 × 2) = 44.02 g/mol

The molecular formula weight (MFW) can be calculated using the molecular mass (MM) and the empirical formula weight (EFW).

MFW = n × EFW

n = MM/EFW

n = 120/44.02 = 2.73

Since n is not a whole number, we need to round it off to the nearest whole number.

n = 3

Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is 3(CO2H) or C3O6H3.

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