Complete question:
A wild-type tomato plant (Plant 1) is homozygous dominant for three traits: solid leaves (MM), normal height (DD), and smooth skin (PP).
Another tomato plant (Plant 2) is homozygous recessive for the same three traits: mottled leaves (mm), dwarf height(dd), and peach skin (pp).
In a cross between these two plants (MMDDPP x mmddpp), all offspring in the F1 generation are wild type and heterozygous for all three traits(MmDdPp).
Now suppose you perform a testcross on one of the F1plants (MmDdPp x mmddpp). The F2 generation can include plants with these eight possible phenotypes:
solid, normal, smooth
solid, normal, peach
solid, dwarf, smooth
solid, dwarf, peach
mottled, normal, smooth
mottled, normal, peach
mottled, dwarf, smooth
mottled, dwarf, peach
Assuming that the three genes undergo independent assortment, predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring in the F2 generation.
Answer and Explanation:
Cross 1:
Parental) MMDDPP x mmddpp
F1) MmDdPp
Cross 2: Testcross
Parental) MmDdPp x mmddpp
Gametes) MDP MdP MDp Mdp mDP mdP mDp mdp
mdp mdp mdp mdp mdp mdp mdp mdp
Punnet Square)
mdp
MDP MmDdPp
MdP MmddPp
MDp MmDdpp
Mdp Mmddpp
mDP mmDdPp
mdP mmddPp
mDp mmDdpp
mdp mmddpp
F2) 8/64 = 1/8 MmDdPp, solid leaves, normal height, smooth skin
8/64 = 1/8 MmddPp, solid leaves, dwarf height, smooth skin
8/64 = 1/8 MmDdpp, solid leaves, normal height, peach skin
8/64 = 1/8 Mmddpp, solid leaves, dwarf height, peach skin
8/64 = 1/8 mmDdPp, mottled leaves, normal height, smooth skin
8/64 = 1/8 mmddPp, mottled leaves, dwarf height, smooth skin
8/64 = 1/8 mmDdpp, mottled leaves, normal height, peach skin
8/64 = 1/8 mmddpp, mottled leaves, dwarf height, peach skin
Another way of predicting the phenotypic ratio of the offspring in the F2 generation is by performing a testcross for each gene by separately and then multiplying their genotypic proportions. This is:
Leaves Gene
Parental) Mm x mm
Gamtes) M m m m
Punnet Square) M m
m Mm mm
m Mm mm
F2) 1/2 Mm
1/2 mm
High Gene
Parental) Dd x dd
Gamtes) D d d d
Punnet Square) D d
d Dd dd
d Dd dd
F2) 1/2 Dd
1/2 dd
Skin Gene
Parental) Pp x pp
Gamtes) P p p p
Punnet Square) P p
p Pp pp
p Pp pp
F2) 1/2 Pp
1/2 pp
To get the phenotypic ratio of the offspring we multiply the genotypic proportion for each trait by the genotypic proportions of the other two traits, like this:
For plants with solid leaves, normal height, smooth skinsolid leaves ratio -> 1/2
normal height ratio -> 1/2
smooth skin ratio -> 1/2
MmDdPp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with solid leaves, dwarf height, smooth skinMmddPp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with solid leaves, normal height, peach skinMmDdpp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with solid leaves, dwarf height, peach skinMmddpp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with mottled leaves, normal height, smooth skinmmDdPp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with mottled leaves, dwarf height, smooth skinmmddPp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with mottled leaves, normal height, peach skinmmDdpp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
For plants with mottled leaves, dwarf height, peach skinmmddpp ratio: 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
what is tardigrade? Like what it is you know ? please tell meeeeeeeeeee
Answer:
what is tardigrade? known colloquially as water bears or moss piglets, are a phylum of eight-legged segmented micro-animals.
Tardigrades pose no threat to humans. Scientists have yet to identify a species of tardigrade that spreads disease.
GIVING BRAINLIEST AND EXYRTA POITNS PLZZZ HELP ASAP
Answer: 1st class lever
Explanation:
Answer:1st
Explanation:
I need help with this question
Answer:
Nebraska
Explanation:
"According to the 2019 Cattle Inventory, Nebraska’s 6.8 million head of cattle ranks as the second-highest in the US. With a population of about 1.8 million people, cattle greatly outnumber people in the state. Although Nebraska has recorded minimal growth in its cattle inventory, it remains one of the most important states in terms of cattle production. Agriculture is the biggest industry in Nebraska, and cattle production represents the largest segment of the agriculture industry. The state has approximately 23 million acres of pastureland and rangeland, half of which is located in the Sandhills."
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What is the reproduction structure on the flower that is the female part?A) SepalsB) PetalsC) StamensD) Pistils
The female part of the reproduction structure of a flower includes an ovary (produces ovules) and a stigma (receives the polen). Its name is Pistil.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) Pistils.
which nutrients are the most essential for the survival of plants
Answer:
These six essential nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and calcium. The cool thing about these key nutrients is that they help create new cells, which then organize into plant tissue. Without these nutrients, growth and survival would not occur.
How can natural selection and genetic drift impact the evolution of a species?
Answer:
Both natural selection and genetic drift can impact the evolution of a species in different ways. Here are some examples:
Natural selection can cause the evolution of new adaptations that improve the fitness of a population. For example, if a population of birds lives in an environment with two types of seeds, birds with larger beaks may be better able to crack open the larger seeds and have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Over time, the frequency of the larger beak trait may increase in the population, leading to the evolution of a new adaptation.
Genetic drift can cause the loss of genetic diversity within a population, which can reduce the ability of a population to adapt to changing environmental conditions. For example, if a population of insects experiences a severe reduction in population size due to a natural disaster, certain alleles may be lost from the population due to chance events. This can reduce the genetic diversity of the population and make it more vulnerable to environmental changes in the future.
Explanation:
how many characteristics of life the rabbit displaying?
Characteristics of life the rabbit displaying regardless of their gender or breed type, rabbits can be silly, timid, shy, curious, and high spirits.
Regardless of their gender or breed, rabbits can be silly, timid, shy, inquisitive, and lively. You must comprehend your rabbit's wants if you want to maintain them healthy and content throughout their life. Many domestic rabbits can live up to 12 years old, and the majority of them can easily reach the age of 8 years.
Rabbits are excellent indoor pets. They can be trained to go in the home, are affectionate, and naturally clean. Although it's a misconception that house rabbits are low-maintenance pets, they actually need a lot of care and attention. Rabbits are gregarious and inquisitive creatures that make wonderful pets.
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What is the optimal pH for pepsin and
salivary amylase? Why do they differ?
Answer:
Pepsin works in the highly acidic conditions of the stomach. It has an optimum pH of about 1.5. On the other hand, trypsin works in the small intestine, parts of which have a pH of around 7.5. Trypsin's optimum pH is about 8.3.7: The Effect of pH on Enzyme Kinetics.
Explanation:
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How did Mendel prevent flowers from self pollinating in his experiments
1. Fill in the blanks
2. What is the full name of DNA
Answer:
DNA= dexyribonucleic acid
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stay safe healthy and happy.Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?
Answer:
Data not given
Explanation:
Date given is not appropriate and complete
which statement dose not describe radioactive atoms
Answer:
put the picture of the question
Explanation:
please
Which of the following nutrient provide more energy? a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Lipids d. Vitamins
The nutrient which provide more energy is C. Lipids
Among the given options, lipids provide the most energy per unit mass. Lipids, also known as fats, are a concentrated source of energy in the diet. When metabolized, lipids yield approximately 9 kilocalories (kcal) of energy per gram.
Carbohydrates, including sugars and starches, provide approximately 4 kcal of energy per gram. They are a readily available source of energy for the body, particularly for short-term energy needs. Proteins also provide approximately 4 kcal of energy per gram. However, their primary role is not as an energy source but rather as the building blocks for tissues, enzymes, and other important molecules in the body.
Vitamins, on the other hand, do not provide significant energy. They are essential for various biochemical processes in the body but do not contribute directly to energy production.
It is important to note that while lipids provide the most energy per gram, the overall balance and variety of nutrients in a diet are crucial for maintaining optimal health. Nutrient needs vary based on individual factors, such as age, sex, activity level, and overall health goals. Therefore, Option C is correct.
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Tolman believed that rats form cognitive maps, internal representations of the layout of the world. (A) In one experiment, rats placed at the start of a maze learned to run directly to a goal box where food was provided; the purple line shows the rats' route. (B) If the preferred route was blocked, rats could easily find an effective alternative route (orange line); this indicates that they had information about the spatial layout of the maze.
(A) In one experiment, rats placed at the start of a maze learned to run directly to a goal box where food was provided; the purple line shows the rats' route. (B) If the preferred route was blocked, rats could easily find an effective alternative route (orange line), Tolman believed that rats form cognitive maps, internal representations of the layout of the world.
Any visual depiction of an individual's (or a group's) mental model for a particular procedure or idea is called a cognitive maps. The way that concepts and their connections are graphically depicted in cognitive maps is not constrained by any visual conventions that they must abide by. A cognitive map is a mental representation of the actual environment's arrangement. Driving home from work on a familiar route without a GPS is an example of employing a cognitive map.
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92ml 3.0 fl oz what is the ratio
The ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz is 46 : 44, or it can be further simplified to 23 : 22.
To find the ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz, we need to convert the units to a common measurement. Let's convert 3.0 fl oz to milliliters (mL).
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) is equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters (mL).
Therefore, 3.0 fl oz is equal to 3.0 * 29.5735 = 88.72 mL (rounded to two decimal places).
Now we can express the ratio between 92 mL and 88.72 mL:
92 mL : 88.72 mL
Simplifying the ratio by dividing both sides by the greatest common divisor, we get:
46 : 44
So, the ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz is 46 : 44, or it can be further simplified to 23 : 22.
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outline the structure of carbohydrates
Answer:
I hope this helps
Explanation:
Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. ... They are organic compounds organized in the form of aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups coming off the carbon chain. The building blocks of all carbohydrates are simple sugars called monosaccharides.N
The following diagram shows the branching tree for four kingdoms and some of their shared derived characteristics.
What shared characteristic can be written at point X? Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
Derived characters are those that emerge at some point during evolution, and are expressed by all the subsequent groups. Derived characters shared by protist, plants, fungi, and animals are: eukaryotic organisms, autotroph or heterotroph, cell membrane, nuclei with DNA, mitochondria.
What are derived characters?
The derived character is any trait that a group passes to the descendants.
Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added.
When referring to a derived character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram, after the character emerged, carry the trait.
In the exposed example, we need to describe characters expressed by protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
Eukaryotic organisms, autotroph or heterotroph. All of them have cell membranes, nuclei with DNA, and mitochondria.You can learn more about derived character at
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Help please, info in the pic
How is relative dating of fossils different from absolute dating?
Answer:
Absolute dating is the actual date of the rock and can also been known as radioactive dating. Relative dating is using the rock layers and fossil records to determine the age of the rock, and it is not the actual age of the rock. :)
Explanation:
2. Which fad diet is based on trying to rid your body of toxins?
O A. Extreme fasting
O B. Limited food diet
O C. Keto diet
O D. Detox diet
1. The Human Genome Project has demonstrated that in humans of all races and nationalities approximately 99.9 percent of the genome sequence is the same, yet different individuals can be identified by DNA fingerprinting techniques. a. What is one primary variation in the human genome that can be used to distinguish different individuals
Answer:
Copy number variations (CNVs)
Explanation:
Copy number variations (CNV) are variations in the number of copies of specific nucleotide sequences present in the genome of organisms of the same species (or closely related species). The Human Genome Project showed that the human genome contains many CNVs, which are caused by duplications and deletions (indels) of large regions of repetitive (non-coding) DNA regions. Since CNV are usually localized in non-coding DNA regions, they generally are evolutionary neutral (i.e., prone to diverge among organisms) and therefore don't affect the phenotype of the individual. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) represent another type of sequence variation that is abundant across the human genome.
What best describes these? A prokaryote, a eukaryote, both, or neither.
Has a cell membrane
Has cilia
Has a Nucleus
Has circular DNA
Has multiple chromosomes
Has spike proteins to attach to cell membranes
Has Flagella
Has double stranded RNA
Has Ribosomes
in which biome are minerals in the soil most rapidly depleted
Answer:
Boreal forest is among the largest terrestrial biomes on earth in which minerals in the soil most rapidly depleted.
How is small intestine important in our digestive system?·
Answer:
The small intestine is important in our digestive system because it helps carry out most of the digestive process. It absorbs almost all of the nutrients you get from your food, and enter it into the bloodstream.
Explanation:
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photosynthesis needs a supply of CO2, H2O and sunlight. Wher do these resources come from?
Answer:
CO2 = Humans
H2O = Soil
Sunlight = Sun
Explanation:
Plants get CO2 from humans after respiration has occurred . The take the carbon that humans breathe out from the atmosphere.
Plants get H2O from the soil. The plants root absorb the water in the soil.
Plants get sunlight from the sun. Sun rays are used by plants to go through the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide and water are released during respiration and used by plants during photosynthesis and sunlight is obtained from the sun.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis and respiration are the two processes that take place simultaneously and take the products of each other as their reactants.
How is the nitrogen cycle important to humans?
A.It produces free nitrogen that humans can breathe.
B.It converts nitrogen into a form that humans can obtain by eating other organisms.
C. It produces nitrogen compounds that humans can breathe.
D. It converts nitrogen into a form that humans can obtain by absorbing it through their skin.
The nitrogen cycle is important to humans in the following way: it converts nitrogen into a form that humans can obtain by eating other organisms (option B).
What is the nitrogen cycle?Nitrogen cycle is the natural circulation of nitrogen in a series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.
During the nitrogen cycle, atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides by lightning and deposited in the soil by rain, where it is assimilated by plants and either eaten by animals (and returned as faeces) or decomposed back to elemental nitrogen by bacteria.
The usable form of nitrogen that is assimilated by plants becomes accessible to humans when they consume the plants, hence, depicting the importance of the nitrogen cycle.
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Help Please 50 Points!! If u steal points u get banned!
At least Have a nice amount of information!
Describe 3 Native animals species found in the Blue Ridge Mountains
At least 1 of the 3 animals needs to be endangered or threatened
Include the role of the species that plays in an energy pyramid
Explain the special adaptations that the animals exhibit that help them to survive in this biome.
Mice, fox, and elk are the three native animal species that may be found in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Elk and mice are considered to be main consumers, whereas fox is considered to be a tertiary consumer. To slow down the body's rate of heat loss, have small ears and a nose.
What is consumer ?A consumer is a person or group that does not actively engage in entrepreneurial or commercial operations but who plans to order or utilizes acquired items, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, or household purposes.
Any individual or group who makes ultimate use of a good or service is referred to as a consumer. Here are a few instances, a client who spends money having their hair styled and trimmed by a hairstylist. a business that purchases a printer for business use.
Thus, Mice, fox, and elk are the three native animal species that may be found in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
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Which of the following is evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?
Answer:
Mitochondria and chloroplast contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA
Explanation:
Both mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA, which by then was known to contain the hereditary material of organisms. Mitochondrial DNA has a simple circular structure, which is structurally similar to bacteria DNA and is more or less the same size.
Your answer is correct!
6)
The cellular process in which materials are moved across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high
concentration is called?
Answer:
diffusion
Explanation:
diffusion occur from lower concentration to higher concentration
What are the "energy factories" within a plant cell?