If snakes were removed from the food web, what would probably happen to the grasshopper population? A. The population of frogs and mice would decrease which would cause the population of grasshoppers to increase. B. The population of frogs and mice would decrease which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease. C. The population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease. D. The population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to increase.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: the population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease

Explanation: I’m on the test right now and I’m looking at the web, the mice and frog get eaten by the snake, and the grasshopper get eaten by the frog and the mice, so if the mice and frog population increases the populating of the grasshopper would decrease :)

Answer 2

If snakes were removed from the food web, the population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease.

Snakes predate on frogs and mice. Thus, if they are removed from the food chain, the population of frogs and mice would be less pressured and, therefore, thrive.

With the thriving population of frogs and mice comes the pressure on the population of grasshoppers. Frogs and some species of mice feed on grasshoppers.

Thus, if the population of frogs and mice thrives as a result of the absence of snakes, more grasshoppers will be eaten and the population of grasshoppers will decrease as a result.

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Related Questions

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis.

Answers

Answer:

A crossover happens in the first stage, or division in meiosis.

Explanation:

The crossing over is when the two chromosomes exchange segments with each other. To make sense of it, the parent's two DNA is mixing up to create the baby, so it makes sense to have that the first step, because you would not exist with your parent's DNA.  

which of the following is NOT a way that carbon gets back into the air? 1. Burning of fossil fuels. 2. burning of plants and trees. 3. cells in living things give off carbon as they work. 4. crushing of rocks

Answers

Answer:

Crushing of rocks

Explanation:

It's right.

What issue might be present in the soil if the ration to Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P)
and Potassium (K) are sufficient, but the leaves of a
plant are showing phosphate and potassium deficiency?

Answers

Answer:

Low level of nitrogen in the soil.

Adding organic materials poor in mineral nitrogen to the soil, which encourages the subsistence of soil microorganisms on mineral nitrogen to break down these materials, and this causes a temporary reduction in the proportion of mineral nitrogen in the soil.

Soil drought.

Problems with root growth due to soil compression or disease.

after reading the latest issue of organic compost quarterly; michael, brad and darius have decided to investigate the effect of fish sticks on plant growth. they plan on thawing fish sticks and then aging them for various lengths of time before using them as compost to promote the growth of eggplants. because decomposition is necessary for release of nutrients, they hypothesized that older fish stick compost will produce taller eggplants. michael brad and darius will grow four flats of eggplants (25 plants/flat) for 5 days. the eggplants will then be fertilized as follows: tray of plants a: 450 g of 3-month-old fish stick compost tray of plants b: 450 g of 6-month-old fish stick compost tray of plants c: 450 g of 12-month-old fish stick compost tray of plants d: 450 g of 0-month-old fish stick compost correctly match the vocabulary term with the example from the experiment described.

Answers

Vocabulary terms are:- Compost, Decomposition and Experimental groups.

1. Compost - The fish sticks that Michael, Brad, and Darius will age and use to promote the growth of eggplants.
2. Decomposition - The process that is necessary for the release of nutrients from the fish stick compost.
3. Hypothesis - The prediction that older fish stick compost will produce taller eggplants.
4. Fertilize - The action of adding fish stick compost to the eggplants to promote their growth.
5. Flat - The container in which the eggplants will be grown, with each flat containing 25 plants.
6. Eggplant - The plant that Michael, Brad, and Darius will be growing in their experiment.

1. Hypothesis: Older fish stick compost will produce taller eggplants.
2. Independent variable: Age of fish stick compost.
3. Dependent variable: Height of eggplants.
4. Control group: Tray of plants D (with 0-month-old fish stick compost).
5. Experimental groups: Trays of plants A, B, and C (with 3-month-old, 6-month-old, and 12-month-old fish stick compost, respectively).
6. Constants: Amount of compost (450 g) and number of plants per flat (25 plants).

Michael, Brad, and Darius will use these variables and groups to conduct their experiment and investigate the effect of fish sticks on plant growth.

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what would most likely happen if the number of shrimp decreased

what would most likely happen if the number of shrimp decreased

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

it's A since there's going to be nothing left to eat the phytoplankton and it doesn't show that any other of the things there are not decreasing.

A. The plankton population would increase

That’s because there would be less shrimp eating them.

Question 4Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.03 MC)
The central nervous system consists of the


A:Brain and spinal cord

B:Spinal nerves only

C:Brain only

D:Spinal cord only

Answers

Answer:

it's the brain and the spinal cord

Within the food web provided, look at all the ABIOTIC and BIOTIC factorsHow do they work together to create an ecosystem?

Answers

Biotic factors in an ecosystem are the living organisms or the participants in the foob web. They count on each other for their survival. The biotic factors in the foob web provided are the producers, consumers and decomposers. Abiotic factors in an ecosystem are rocks, soil, and water that collaborate with biotic factors to provide them with the nutrients they needed to survive. Sunlight, air, soil, and minerals are also examples of abiotic factors. Sunlight gives energy so that plants may use them i order to grow. This ultimately holds up the whole community of an ecosystem. Air also connects with plants to help them grow by providing an origin of CO2 and other nutrients.

2. Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds of which type of
compound?
F. Lipids
G. Carbohydrates
H. Proteins
J. Nucleic Acids

Answers

I believe it is H. proteins

Question 36
The goal for hazardous waste management should be
a. zero discharge
b. increased generation
c. more regulations
d. both b and c

Answers

The correct answer is a. zero discharge. The goal for hazardous waste management should be to minimize the amount of hazardous waste generated, and to ensure that any waste that is generated is properly treated, stored, and disposed of in a way that minimizes risks to human health and the environment.

Zero discharge is a concept that refers to the goal of eliminating the discharge of hazardous waste to the environment, whether it be to air, water, or land.

Increasing the generation of hazardous waste or adding more regulations would not be consistent with the goal of hazardous waste management, as it would increase the risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, option b and c are incorrect.

Hazardous waste is any waste that poses a substantial threat to human health or the environment. This can include waste that is toxic, flammable, corrosive, reactive, infectious, or radioactive. Hazardous waste can be generated from a wide variety of sources, including industrial processes, agricultural activities, medical facilities, and households.

Hazardous waste management involves a number of steps, including waste minimization, treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal. Waste minimization is the process of reducing the amount of hazardous waste that is generated, by modifying industrial processes, reducing chemical use, or finding alternative materials.

Treatment of hazardous waste may involve physical, chemical, or biological methods to reduce its toxicity or volume. Storage of hazardous waste must be done in a way that minimizes the risk of spills or leaks, and transportation of hazardous waste must be done in accordance with strict regulations to ensure that it is transported safely and securely.

Disposal of hazardous waste must be done in a way that minimizes risks to human health and the environment. This may involve land disposal, incineration, or other methods that are designed to destroy or immobilize hazardous waste. The goal of hazardous waste management is to minimize the risks posed by hazardous waste, and to ensure that it is managed in a way that is safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable.

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Which equation represents the photosynthesis process?
a
CO2 + Glucose ----> H2O + Sunlight + O2

b
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight ----> Glucose + O2

c
CO2 + H2O ----> Glucose + O2

d
Glucose ----> CO2 + Alcohol + ATP

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation:

................

Raekwon wanted to see if listening to music would make the basketball players make more
baskets. On day one, he didn't play any music and counted how many baskets they could
make in 10 minutes. On day 2, he played rap music and counted the baskets, and on day 3,
he played classical music and counted the baskets. IV DV control​

Answers

answer

IV-music

DV-baskets in 10 mins

control-the day no music was played

step by step

IV is the variable being adjusted to achieve variety of results

DV is the counts that will depend on the music played

control with no music only one variable was being tested the counts so a control is where one variable is being tested

During calcium chloride transformation of bacteria, during which step does plasmid DNA enter the bacterial cells?

Answers

During the calcium chloride transformation of bacteria, plasmid DNA enters the bacterial cells during the incubation step.

This step is where the mixture of bacteria and plasmid DNA is placed in a calcium chloride solution and incubated on ice for a short period of time. The calcium chloride solution helps to create pores in the bacterial cell wall, which allows for the plasmid DNA to enter the cell. The incubation on ice helps to slow down the metabolism of the bacteria and allows for more efficient uptake of the plasmid DNA. After the incubation step, the mixture is subjected to a heat shock treatment, which further increases the permeability of the bacterial cell wall and allows for the plasmid DNA to enter the cytoplasm of the cell. Once inside the cell, the plasmid DNA can be replicated and expressed, leading to the production of the desired protein or other gene product. Overall, the incubation step is crucial for the successful transformation of bacteria with plasmid DNA, as it facilitates the entry of the DNA into the bacterial cells.
During the calcium chloride transformation of bacteria, plasmid DNA enters the bacterial cells in the heat shock step. This transformation method utilizes calcium chloride to create a transiently permeable state in the bacterial cell membrane, allowing for the uptake of foreign plasmid DNA.

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labrador retrievers (breed of dog) have a gene [b] encoding an enzyme that makes hair pigment. the allele for black coat color (b) is dominant to the allele for brown coat color (b). however, there are multiple genes that determine the dog's coat color. if a lab has two copies of the recessive allele for a pigment-depositing gene (ee), it can only have a yellow coat color, regardless of whether the dog carries either a b or b allele for gene b. in a cross of two doubly heterozygous black labs (bbee x bbee), what fraction of the next generation would one expect to be yellow?

Answers

Pheomelanin is the second pigment that influences a dog's coat color. This red pigment's natural color is either gold or yellow. Pheomelanin can generate reds that are deep red (like those found in Irish Setters), orange, cream, gold, or yellow.

What kind of allele manifests when it has two copies?

Recessive alleles only have an impact on homozygous people, commonly known as those with two copies of the gene. For instance, you need two copies of the "blue eye" allele because it is recessive in order to have blue eyes.

Multiple-choice question: What role does the B gene have in the color of the Labrador retriever's coat?

The genotypes of two genes determine the coat color of Labrador dogs. In one The recessive allele, B, results in brown fur, whereas the dominant allele, B, results in black fur.

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Raya conducts an experiment to study the effect of altitude on the growth of plants she gathered plant samples and places them on five different floors of a 20-story building identify the basic components of Ray experiment including the compounding variable

Answers

Answer:

Independent variable: ALTITUDE

dependent variable: GROWTH OF PLANTS

Confounding variable: STOREYS OF THE BUILDING

Explanation:

In an experiment, the basic components i.e primary variables that an experiment should contain, are the independent and dependent variables.

- The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment. In this experiment, the ALTITUDE of the plant is the independent variable.

- The dependent variable is the variable that responds to changes to the independent variable. It is the variable measured in an experiment. In this case, the dependent variable is the GROWTH OF THE PLANTS.

- The confounding variable is a variable that has an extra influence on the outcome of the experiment. In other words, the confounding variable has an impact on the dependent variable. In this case, the confounding variable is the STOREYS OF THE BUILDING.

air circulation in a fluid power installation is important because of the maintenance of a suitable ____ level. Group of anwer choice
light
temperature
fire prevention
sound

Answers

Air circulation in a fluid power installation is important because of the maintenance of a suitable temperature level.

Fluid power installations, such as hydraulic or pneumatic systems, generate heat during their operation. This heat can be produced by the fluid flow, mechanical components, or even electrical systems associated with the installation. the heat generated can accumulate and lead to increased temperatures within the installation.

Maintaining a suitable temperature level is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of fluid power systems. Excessive heat can cause a variety of issues, including:

Overheating of components: High temperatures can lead to increased wear and reduced lifespan of various system components, such as pumps, valves, and seals.

Decreased system efficiency: Elevated temperatures can negatively impact the performance and efficiency of fluid power systems, leading to reduced productivity and increased energy consumption.

Risk of system failure: Excessive heat can cause fluid degradation, increased internal pressures, and potential system failures, resulting in costly downtime and repairs.

By ensuring proper air circulation, heat can be dissipated more effectively, maintaining a suitable temperature level and promoting the safe and optimal functioning of fluid power installations.

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Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink A. occurs through the apoplast of sieve-tube elements. B. depends ultimately on the activity of proton pumps. C. depends on tension, or negative pressure potential. D. results mainly from diffusion.

Answers

Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink Depends ultimately on the activity of proton pumps.

High turgor pressure propels "bulk flow" of phloem sap from source to sink, where sugars are quickly extracted from the phloem.

When sugar is eliminated, the s rises, which forces the water to leave the phloem and return to the xylem, lowering the p.Translocation is the transport of organic compounds from their source, where they are created, to their sink, where they are needed.The leaf is the location where food is synthesized, while the section that consumes or stores the food is referred to as the sink.In contrast to the xylem, which only transports water upward, the phloem is engaged in transporting the sap both downward and upward from the sugar sources (plant structures such as leaves) to the sugar sinks.The phloem sap flows via these holes, known as sieve tube plates, which are part of the sieve tube elements that make up phloem.

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What changes in energy occur when the bowling ball strikes the pins?

Answers

Answer:

please give me brain list and follow

Explanation:

The bowling ball's energy of motion is about to cause a change. ... The collision with the bowling ball changes that. The ball strikes the pins, and some of the ball's energy of motion transfers to the pins. This makes the pins gain motion energy and leaves the ball with less motion energy.

Why water is essential for the light reactants

Answers

Answer:The first part of photosynthesis is the light-dependent reactions. Water is necessary for these reactions because it is split by an enzyme within the thylakoid membrane. This splitting of water releases electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen.

Explanation:

Which is needed to support the synthesis of blood cells and blood-clotting proteins?

Answers

The process of blood cell synthesis is referred to as hematopoiesis. It takes place in the bone marrow of bones. Blood-clotting proteins are created by the liver. The synthesis of blood cells and blood-clotting proteins is supported by a variety of factors.

Factors that support the synthesis of blood cells and blood-clotting proteins include the following:

1. Vitamins Vitamin A is essential for the production of white blood cells, which aid in the body's defense against infection.

Vitamin B12 aids in the production of red blood cells. Folic acid also contributes to the production of red blood cells.2. MineralsIron is important for the production of red blood cells. Copper, on the other hand, aids in the development of red blood cells.

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according to the lab safety sheet, the agarose gels used in this lab are cast with gelgreen, a less toxic alternative to ethidium bromide. group of answer choices. True or false?

Answers

True.

According to the lab safety sheet, the agarose gels used in this lab are cast with GelGreen, which is stated to be a less toxic alternative to ethidium bromide. GelGreen is a fluorescent nucleic acid stain commonly used for visualizing DNA in gel electrophoresis. It is considered to have lower toxicity compared to ethidium bromide, which is a hazardous substance commonly used as a DNA stain but is known to be mutagenic.

Using GelGreen instead of ethidium bromide is a safety precaution to reduce the potential risks associated with handling hazardous chemicals. GelGreen is designed to provide similar staining capabilities for DNA visualization while minimizing potential health hazards. Therefore, the statement that GelGreen is a less toxic alternative to ethidium bromide is true based on the lab safety sheet.

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In each of the following pairs, circle the species with the larger atomic radius:
(a) Mg or Ba
(b) S or S2-
(c) Cu+2 or Cu
(d) He or H-
(e) Na or CI

Answers

The atoms with the largest atomic radius are:

(a) Ba

(b) S

(c) Cu

(d) H-

(e) Na

Which atoms have the largest atomic radius?

(a) Ba has a larger atomic radius than Mg because Ba has more electron shells than Mg, even though they are in the same period.

(b) S has a larger atomic radius than S2- because S2- has gained two electrons, which increases the effective nuclear charge and decreases the atomic radius.

(c) Cu has a larger atomic radius than Cu+2 because Cu+2 has lost an electron, which decreases the shielding effect of the electrons and increases the effective nuclear charge, pulling the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus.

(d) H- has a larger atomic radius than He because H- has one more electron than He, and the additional electron adds another energy level to the atom, increasing its size.

(e) Na has a larger atomic radius than Cl because Na is a metal and Cl is a non-metal, and metals tend to have larger atomic radii than non-metals.

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I'LL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!!! PLEASE HELP!!!!!
Inherited traits are described by probabilities. When experimenting on inherited traits, why is it important to have a large sample size?
Tysm! I love you<33

Answers

Answer:

results will be more accurate if there is a larger sample size.  

No matter what research is, the larger sample size is, the more accurately will be the results and vice versa. The larger samples increase a chance of significance because they reflect the population mean more reliably.

With small sample, the chance for false conclusions is higher.

Explanation:

The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in an "in-between-division" stage referred to as a. static phase. b. dormant phase. c. innerphase. d. interphase. e. S phase.

Answers

The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in an "in-between-division" stage referred to as interphase.

Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing, but is still actively carrying out its cellular functions and preparing for cell division. It is divided into three subphases: G1, S, and G2. During G1, the cell grows and carries out its metabolic functions. During S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical copies of the cell's genetic material.

Finally, during G2, the cell prepares for cell division by synthesizing proteins and organelles necessary for mitosis. Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle, lasting approximately 90% of the cell's life.The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in an "in-between-division" stage referred to as d. interphase.

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What model aims to understand how foragers gather food with the least expenditure of time, calories, and other factors

Answers

The model that aims to understand how foragers gather food with the least expenditure of time, calories, and other factors is called Optimal Foraging Theory.

Optimal Foraging Theory is a framework used to study the foraging behavior of animals and how they make decisions about where and how to search for food. The theory suggests that animals will try to maximize their energy intake while minimizing the energy expenditure required to obtain food.

In order to achieve this, foragers will make decisions based on factors such as the abundance and distribution of food resources, the energy content of different food items, and the costs associated with searching and handling food. By using this information, foragers can determine the most efficient strategies for obtaining food.

Overall, Optimal Foraging Theory helps to explain how animals adapt their foraging behavior to optimize their energy gain, taking into account various ecological and environmental factors.

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What is the relative humidity when the dry- bulb temperature is 16°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 14°C?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 80%.

Explanation:

The relative humidity will be 80 %.

What is relative humidity?

The amount of water vapor in the air, represented as a proportion of the highest quantity of water vapor the air could contain simultaneously temperature, was known as humidity levels, referred as relative humidity.

Calculation of relative humidity.

It can be calculated as:

Relative humidity = Actual vapor / saturation vapor density × 100

Relative humidity = 14 / 18 × 100

Relative humidity = 0.7777 × 100

Relative humidity = 77%.

Therefore, the relative humidity will be 77 %.

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Which do scientists link to increased hurricane strength?
O A. Higher ocean temperatures in the arctic
B. Higher land temperatures in the arctic
C. Higher ocean temperatures in the tropics
O D. Higher land temperatures in the tropics

Answers

Answer:

Higher ocean temperatures in the tropics

Explanation:

apex :)

Higher ocean temperatures in the tropics are linked to increased hurricane strength. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

What is hurricane strength?

Hurricane strength is a measure of the intensity of a tropical cyclone, which is a rotating storm system that forms over warm ocean waters in the tropics. The strength of a hurricane is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which ranks hurricanes from Category 1 (weakest) to Category 5 (strongest) based on their sustained wind speeds.

Hurricanes can cause significant damage due to their strong winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and flooding. The strength of a hurricane is influenced by a variety of factors, including warm ocean temperatures, low wind shear, and high humidity. As global temperatures continue to rise due to climate change, it is expected that hurricanes will become more frequent and more intense, which could have significant impacts on coastal communities and infrastructure.

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A student what to discover how light affects planet growth. What is the independent (manipulated) variable?

The size of the container

The color of light the plant receives

The amount of water the plant receives

How tall the plant grows

A student what to discover how light affects planet growth. What is the independent (manipulated) variable?

Answers

The amount of water a plant receives.


An example of a human activity that has had a positive effect on the environment is the

Answers

The use of reforestation to control erosion in the mountains.

When farm animals become used to sounds and movement such as cars moving near them, they have stopped reacting to stimuli. This is an example ofQuestion options:territory.instincts.fight or flight.habituation.

Answers

The way animals learned to stop responding to certain stimuli is called habituation, it is a form of non-assosiative learning, due to the stimuli do not lead to later actions like punishment or reward.

You accidentally switch the Crystal violet and Safranin steps during your Gram stain. When you look under the microscope, what color will a Gram negative bacteria, like Escherichia coli, be? Red/Pink O Purple Colorless Question 22 (1 point) You accidentally switch the Crystal violet and Safranin steps during your Gram stain. When you look under the microscope, what color will a Gram positive bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, be? Red/Pink Purple Colorless

Answers

If the Crystal violet and Safranin steps are switched, Gram-negative bacteria will appear purple, and Gram-positive will appear pink/red.

On the off chance that the Precious stone violet and Safranin steps are unintentionally exchanged during a Gram stain, the shade of Gram-negative microorganisms, for example, Escherichia coli, will seem purple, as they will in any case hold the underlying stain.

This is on the grounds that the Precious stone violet step, which is the most important phase in the Gram stain, stains both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes. The shade of Gram-positive microbes, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, will seem pink or red, as the decolorization step will have eliminated the underlying Gem violet stain. The Safranin stain, which is the counterstain utilized in the Gram stain, will then be the main stain staying on the Gram-negative microbes, showing up as pink or red.

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Which of the following is a positive consequence of equity?A) Maintain complete control of a businessB) Must pay profits as dividendsC) Decreased tax liabilityD) No legal obligation to repay funds What is the area of the circle in terms of pi? Find the product of 2x^(2x2 + 3x + 4) What kind of polynomial is -7? 1. What are air masses? You are looking for a mirror that will enable you to see a 3.1-times magnified virtual image of an object that is placed 4.6 cm the mirror's vertex. 50% Part (a) What kind of mirror will you need? Concave Correct! A 50% Part (h) What should the mirror's radius of curvature be, in centimeters? R= Gra Ded Let the context-free grammar G = ({S,Y}, {a,b}, R, S), where R: S a Sb|by|Ya Y bY|aY| 1. Describe L(G) in set form. 2. Give the Chomsky normal form of G. in 150 - 200 words summarize and rephrase this article, and write one sentence the most takeaway and one-sentence criticism from this article.Governance in Permanent Whitewater: the boards role in planning and implementing organizational changeAbstractTheoretical perspectives on organisational governance tend to position boards and top management teams in relationships characterised either as control or collaboration. These perspectives may not take into account the realities faced by organisations needing to undertake changes to meet the demands of turbulent environments. What are the critical roles that boards should play to successfully accomplish organisational change? This study first examines research on organisational change in order to identify critical contributions that boards can make to successful planning and implementation of organisational change. Testable propositions are then presented that suggest roles boards should play in effectively guiding organisational change while protecting the interests of an organisations stakeholders.IntroductionPeter Vaill (1989) applied the term "permanent whitewater" to describe the degree of uncertainty expressed to him by organisational leaders. Today companies in nearly every industry are challenged to anticipate continued alterations in their environments and/or competitive conditions (Kerber and Buono, 2005). In many instances, top managers need to tap the resources of board members in order to better address turbulent conditions and undertake changes that help an organisation survive and prosper (Schaffer, 2002). While previous studies have addressed alternative approaches for board involvement in the development of firm strategy (Hendry and Kiel, 2004; Nadler, 2004), there has been little consideration of what a board should do to increase the likelihood of successful organisational change. This study explores the question of the role that corporate boards should take in guiding and overseeing the planning and implementation of organisational change. This exploration begins with a brief review of research assessing the alternative collaboration and control roles of boards. Next, alternative models of organisational change are examined in order to better understand types of changes and to identify factors that may be critical to successful organisational changes. This study concludes with testable propositions for board roles in guiding top management in planning and carrying out or-ganisational changes while simultaneously protecting the interests of an organisations stakeholders.This study set out to better understand how previous studies of organisational changes can inform the role of boards in the planning and implementation of change. Previous studies do provide some guidance useful to boards in situations when organisational changes are required. The three propositions I have suggested now need to be empirically tested in alternative settings. A possible moderating variable to consider for the propositions presented is the extent to which the board effectively functions as a team.These propositions focus primarily on the vast majority of organisations who have not undertaken planned organisational changes directed at improving the competitive position or other aspects of "fit" between an organisation and its changing environment. Future work needs to investigate the role of boards in those organisations which have adopted emergent changes as a way of coping with the "permanent whitewater" within their own field.From a practical viewpoint, for many firms, an important question is what can be done to better anticipate the need for change sufficiently in advance to provide the board and management teams with additional time to make the cognitive adjustments necessary to specify the most effective changes for an organisation. Discussion of the needs and options for changes far enough in advance may also facilitate the boards role in challenging the cognitive frames implicitly guiding the management team and focus both top management and board attention on possible future changes that the organisation must be prepared to face. 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