Identify whether the atom or ion in each equation shows oxidation or reduction. cu2 e− → cu cu2 is fe → fe3 3e−fe is f e− → f−f− is 2l− → l2 2e−l− is 2h 2e− → h2h is
Answers
The equation shows oxidation or reduction. is Cu²⁺ is reduced , Fe is oxidized, I⁻ is oxidized, H⁺ is reduced.
The oxidation is the increase in the oxidation number and the reduction is the decrease in the oxidation number.
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ ----> Cu, it is reduced because the oxidation number decreases.
Fe ---> Fe³⁺ + 3e⁻, it is oxidized because the oxidation number increases.
2I⁻ ----> I₂ + 2e⁻, it is oxidized as the oxidation number increases.
2H⁺ + 2e⁻ ----> H₂, it is reduced as the oxidation number decreases.
Thus , the loss of the electrons are oxidation and the gain of electrons are called as the reduction.
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Related Questions
If you write the formula, Mg OH 2;for the compound magnesium hydroxide, why would it be wrong
Answers
If you write the formula, MgOH₂ for the compound magnesium hydroxide then it would be wrong because magnesium has +2 charge and hydroxide have -1 charge
Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂ is a white powder produced in large quantities from seawater by the addition of milk of lime it is the primary raw material in the production of magnesium metal and has been used as a fire additive
Here given formula is MgOH₂
Where Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ so MgOH₂ has 2 hydroxide molecules and one magnesium
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Why does the plot show vertical jumps at the melting and boiling points? Solid Liquid Gas - Boiling - Melting Temperature (K)→ Entropy, S
Answers
The vertical jumps in the plot at the melting and boiling points represent the abrupt increase in entropy that occurs during phase transitions from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas.
The plot shows vertical jumps at the melting and boiling points because the transition from one phase to another involves a change in the entropy (S) of the substance. At the melting point, the substance undergoes a phase transition from solid to liquid, resulting in an abrupt increase in entropy. Similarly, at the boiling point, the substance transitions from liquid to gas, leading to another sudden increase in entropy.
The melting and boiling points represent phase transitions where the substance undergoes a change in its physical state. During these transitions, the arrangement and movement of particles change, leading to a significant alteration in entropy.
At the melting point, a solid substance absorbs energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition into a liquid state. This transition involves an increase in entropy as the particles gain more freedom to move around, leading to a jump in the entropy value on the plot.
Similarly, at the boiling point, a liquid substance absorbs energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition into a gaseous state. This transition also results in an increase in entropy as the particles gain even more freedom of movement and are dispersed in the gas phase, causing another vertical jump in the entropy value on the plot.
In summary, the vertical jumps in the plot at the melting and boiling points represent the abrupt increase in entropy that occurs during phase transitions from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas.
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help me with this:(((
Answers
Answer:
13. A. Kinetic energy increases
14. A. Kinetic energy
15. B. is not transferable
Sorry if I got any wrong, they should be all correct. I tryed.
A household refrigerator working on an irreversible refrigeration cycle rejects heat to the surroundings at the rate of 7.5 kW and consumes work at the rate of 3 kW. If the ambient temperature is 27
∘
C and refrigerated space is at 1
∘
C, the COP of the refrigerator is (correct up to 2 decimal places)
Answers
The COP of the refrigerator is 2.5 (approx) when correct up to 2 decimal places.
The given values are :
Heat rejected by the refrigerator, Q2 = 7.5 kW
Heat consumed by the refrigerator, W = 3 kW
Temperature of the ambient, T1 = 27°C = 300 K
Temperature of the refrigerated space, T2 = 1°C = 274 K
Now, the expression for Coefficient of performance (COP) is:
COP= Desired Effect / Required Input Heat
Thus, we have to calculate the COP of the refrigerator.
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy balance equation can be written as:
W = Q1 - Q2
Here, Q1 is the heat absorbed by the refrigerator and Q2 is the heat rejected by the refrigerator. Therefore,
Q1 = W + Q2
So, the amount of heat absorbed by the refrigerator is:
Q1 = 3 + 7.5
= 10.5 kW
COP= Desired Effect / Required Input Heat
= Heat extracted / Work input
= Q2 / W
Now, substituting the given values in the above expression,
COP= Q2 / W
= 7.5 / 3
= 2.5 (approximately)
Therefore, the COP of the refrigerator is 2.5 (approx) when correct up to 2 decimal places.
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Below is a list of standard reduction potentials (E0') for biological half cell reactions.
Succinate + CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- --> alpha-ketoglutarate + H2O -0.67 V
Oxaloacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e- --> malate -0.17 V
Fumarate + 2 H+ + 2 e- --> succinate -0.03 V
Using the above information, answer the following questions:
(A) Which metabolite would spontaneously reduce oxaloacetate (OAA)?
(B) Based on your answer for (A), write the two half cell reactions and the resulting balanced reaction for the reduction of OAA.
(C) Calculate the standard reduction potential for the reaction chosen in (B)
Answers
A reaction to be spontaneous,overall cell potential must be positive.
(A)The metabolite which would spontaneously reduce oxaloacetate (OAA) is:
alpha-ketoglutarate
(B)The two half cell reactions are as follows:
Reduction half reaction:
Oxaloacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e- --> malate
Oxidation half reaction:
alpha-ketoglutarate --> Succinate + CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 e-
Overall resulting balanced reaction for the reduction of OAA :
Oxaloacetate +alpha-ketoglutarate --> malate + Succinate + CO2
(C)the standard reduction potential for the reaction chosen in (B):
+0.67-0.17 = +0.50 V
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For the reaction
KClO⟶KCl+12O2
assign oxidation numbers to each element on each side of the equation.
Answers
In a nonpartisan particle, amount of oxidation condition of all molecules is zero. In free state, oxidation condition of element = 0
Oxidation numbers : K⁺¹Cl⁺¹O⁻² ⟶ K⁺¹Cl⁻¹ + 1/2O₂
Oxidation means removal of e⁻ that is
KClO ⁻¹ → O² ( loss of electron takes place oxidation of O is occurring .)
Option B is correct.
Reduction : gain of electrons
KCl⁺¹O → KCl⁻¹ ( gain of electron occurring , reduction of Cl takes place )
Option B is correct.
What is implied by oxidation and reduction ?A compound response that happens between an oxidizing substance and a diminishing substance. During the reaction, the reducing substance acquires electrons while the oxidizing substance loses electrons.
Redox reactions with organic compounds include organic reductions, organic oxidations, and organic redox reactions. In natural science oxidations and decreases are not the same as normal redox responses, in light of the fact that numerous responses convey the name however don't really include electron move
Incomplete question :
For the reaction
KClO⟶KCl+1/2O₂
assign oxidation numbers to each element on each side of the equation.
K in KClO:
K in KCl:
Cl in KClO::
Cl in KCl:
O in KClO:
O in O₂:
Which element is oxidized?
A. K
B. O
C. Cl
Which element is reduced?
A. O
B. Cl
C. K
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The heat of vaporization for water is 40. 7 kJ/mol. A given amount of water requires 63. 8 kJ of energy to boil. The mass of the sample of water is -
13. 2 g
18. 0 g
22. 28
28. 2g
62. 38
Answers
answer is B value of approximation
solving
The heat of vaporization for water is 40.7 kJ/mol, which means that it takes 40.7 kJ of energy to convert 1 mole of water from a liquid to a gas phase.
The energy required to boil the water is given as 63.8 kJ.
We can set up a proportion using these values:
40.7 kJ/1 mol = 63.8 kJ/x mol
To solve for x (the number of moles of water), we can cross-multiply and solve the equation:
40.7 kJ * x mol = 63.8 kJ * 1 mol
x mol = (63.8 kJ * 1 mol) / 40.7 kJ
x mol ≈ 1.57 mol
Since we know the molar mass of water is approximately 18.015 g/mol, we can convert moles to grams:
1.57 mol * 18.015 g/mol ≈ 28.29 g
Therefore, the mass of the sample of water is approximately 28.29 grams.
Emissions of sulfur dioxide by industry set off chemical changes in the atmosphere that result in acid rain. The acidity of liquids is measured by pH on a scale from 0 to 14. Distilled water has a pH of 7.0 and lower pH values indicate acidity. Theory suggests that the pH of rain varies among rainy days according to a normal distribution with a mean of 5.4 and a standard deviation of 0.5. The random sample of 21 days gives a sample standard deviation of 0.8. You would like to test if the population standard deviation is indeed 0.5 as the theory suggests. At alpha equals 0.05, what is the test statistic and what are the critical values? The test statistic: 53.76. Critical values: 9.591 and 34.170. The test statistic: 53.76. Critical values: 10.283 and 35.479. The test statistic: 51.20. Critical values: 10.283 and 35.479. The test statistic: 51.20. Critical values: 9.591 and 34.170.
Answers
The main answer to the question is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.
To explain the main answer, we are conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the population standard deviation of the pH of rain is indeed 0.5, as suggested by the theory. The null hypothesis (H0) is that the population standard deviation is 0.5, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the population standard deviation is not 0.5.
In this case, we are given a random sample of 21 rainy days, and the sample standard deviation is 0.8. To test the hypothesis, we need to calculate the test statistic, which is given by the formula: test statistic = [(sample standard deviation) - (hypothesized standard deviation)] / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)).
Plugging in the values, we get: test statistic = [(0.8 - 0.5) / (0.8 / sqrt(21))] = 51.20.
To determine the critical values, we need to look at the critical region associated with the given significance level (alpha) of 0.05. Since this is a two-tailed test, we divide the significance level by 2, resulting in an alpha of 0.025 for each tail. Using the degrees of freedom (n-1), which is 20 in this case, we can consult the t-distribution table or use a statistical software to find the critical t-values. For an alpha of 0.025 and 20 degrees of freedom, the critical t-values are approximately ±2.093.
Converting the t-values to critical values using the formula: critical value = (hypothesized standard deviation) + (t-value * (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))), we get: critical values = 0.5 + (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 9.591 and 0.5 - (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 34.170.
Therefore, the correct answer is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.
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Consider again the thermite reaction. If 0. 0257 g Al react completely, what mass of Fe forms? Use the periodic table to find molar masses. Fe2O3 2Al.
Answers
The mass of Fe obtained from the reaction is 0.0533 g
We'll begin by calculating the mass of Al that reacted and the mass of Fe produced from the balanced equation.
2Al + Fe₂O₃ —> 2Fe + Al₂O₃
Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mol
Mass of Al from the balanced equation = 2 × 27 = 54 g
Molar mass of Fe = 56 g/mol
Mass of Fe from the balanced equation = 2 × 56 = 112 g
From the balanced equation above,
54 g of Al reacted to produce 112 g of Fe.
Finally, we shall determine the mass of Fe obtained by the reaction of 0.0257 g of AlFrom the balanced equation above,
54 g of Al reacted to produce 112 g of Fe.
Therefore,
0.0257 g of Al will react to produce = (0.0257 × 112) / 54 = 0.0533 g of Fe
Thus, 0.0533 g of Fe was obtained from the reaction.
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If something takes the shape of its
container, but the particles do not spread out to fill the container completely
what state of matter is it?
Answers
Liquid
The particles in a liquid are packed close together which means they have a definite volume although the particles can move around freely which leads to them having no definite shape but rather take the shape of the container they are placed in.
how many electrons are there in the atom with a mass number of 66 and n = 35?
Answers
Answer:
31
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Mass number = 66
Number of electrons = 35
Unknown:
Number of electrons
Solution:
In an atom, the number of protons and electrons are the same. In ions, there is a difference between the two numbers.
For this problem, once we can find the number of protons, it is therefore the number of electrons.
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
Insert the parameters and solve;
66 = number of protons + 35
Number of protons = 66 - 35 = 31
So the number of electrons is 31
El desarrollo tecnológico e industrial en el que nos encontramos inmersos actualmente justifica el daño que ocasionamos al medio ambiente y a la biodiversidad?
Answers
Answer:
galing ah spanish kami pinoy
what are the respective concentrations (m) of mg2 and c2h3o2- afforded by dissolving 0.600 mol mg(c2h3o2)2 in water and diluting to 135 ml? group of answer choices 0.444 and 0.444 0.444 and 0.889 0..889 and 0.444 4.44 and 8.89 0.0444 and 0.0889
Answers
The respective concentrations (m) of Mg^2+ and C2H3O2^- ions afforded by dissolving 0.600 mol of Mg(C2H3O2)2 in water and diluting to 135 ml are approximately 0.444 M and 0.889 M.
To determine the concentrations of Mg^2+ and C2H3O2^- ions, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the dissociation of Mg(C2H3O2)2 in water. Mg(C2H3O2)2 dissociates into one Mg^2+ ion and two C2H3O2^- ions:
Mg(C2H3O2)2 → Mg^2+ + 2 C2H3O2^-
The initial moles of Mg(C2H3O2)2 is given as 0.600 mol.
To calculate the concentrations, we need to determine the final volume of the solution after dilution. The given volume is 135 ml, which is equivalent to 0.135 L.
The concentration (molarity) of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles by the volume in liters:
Concentration (M) = Moles / Volume (L)
For Mg^2+:
Concentration of Mg^2+ = Moles of Mg^2+ / Volume of solution
Since one mole of Mg(C2H3O2)2 produces one mole of Mg^2+, the moles of Mg^2+ is also 0.600 mol.
Concentration of Mg^2+ = 0.600 mol / 0.135 L ≈ 4.44 M
For C2H3O2^-:
Since one mole of Mg(C2H3O2)2 produces two moles of C2H3O2^-, the moles of C2H3O2^- is 2 * 0.600 mol = 1.200 mol.
Concentration of C2H3O2^- = 1.200 mol / 0.135 L ≈ 8.89 M
Therefore, the respective concentrations (m) of Mg^2+ and C2H3O2^- ions are approximately 0.444 M and 0.889 M. None of the given answer choices match the calculated values exactly, but the closest option is 0.444 and 0.889.
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how many joules are needed to warm 25.5 grams of water from 14.0°C to 22.5°C? the heat capacity of liquid water is 4.184J/g°C
Answers
Answer:
Q = 906.882 J
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of water = 25.5 g
Initial temperature = 14.0 °C
Final temperature = 22.5 °C
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g.°C
Solution:
Formula:
Q = m.c. ΔT
Q = amount of heat absorbed or released
m = mass of given substance
c = specific heat capacity of substance
ΔT = change in temperature
ΔT = 22.5 °C - 14.0 °C
ΔT = 8.5 °C
Q = 25.5 g × 4.184 J/g.°C × 8.5 °C
Q = 906.882 J
Apple Juice is made up of Apple extract, sugar, water and other minerals. What type of Mixture would Apple Juice would be classified as?
Answers
Answer:
the answer is homogeneous mixture
What is the pressure in a 8.00 L tank with 50.5 grams of chlorine gas at 365 K?
Answers
The pressure in a 8.00 L tank with 50.5 grams of chlorine gas at 365 K is 2.67atm.
How to calculate pressure?The pressure of a given mass of gas can be calculated using the following formula:
PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressureV = volumeT = temperaturen = no of molesR = gas law constantThe number of moles in 50.5g of Chlorine gas is as follows:
moles = 50.5/70.91
moles = 0.71mol
P × 8 = 0.71 × 0.0821 × 365
8P = 21..34
P = 21.34/8
P = 2.67atm
Therefore, the pressure in a 8.00 L tank with 50.5 grams of chlorine gas at 365 K is 2.67atm.
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need to know the answer to this question
Answers
Answer: B
Explanation: I took test
As the reaction in a galvanic cell proceeds towards products, which of the following are true?
A) ΔG starts at 0, stays same
B) ΔG starts < 0, becomes more negative
C) ΔG starts < 0, stays same
D) ΔG starts < 0, becomes more positive
E) ΔG starts > 0, stays same
Answers
In a galvanic cell, the reaction proceeds towards the production of products. ΔG starts < 0, becomes more negative
Option B is correct .
As the reaction proceeds, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) reduces, and the following are true: ΔG starts < 0, becomes more negative.
When the reaction in a galvanic cell proceeds towards the production of products, the Gibbs free energy starts with a negative value, and it becomes even more negative.
The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a measure of the available energy in a system that can be used to do work. It measures the difference between the free energy of the final state and the initial state.The Gibbs free energy change of a system is dependent on the enthalpy and entropy change. If the enthalpy change is negative (exothermic), and the entropy change is positive (disorderly), the Gibbs free energy change is negative, and the reaction is spontaneous.
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Molar mass if calcium nitrate
Answers
Answer:
About 164 grams
Explanation:
The molecular formula of calcium nitrate is \(Ca(NO_3)_2\). The molar mass of calcium is about 40, while the molar mass of nitrogen is about 14 and oxygen is about 16. Therefore, the molar mass of it is:
\(40+2(14+3(16))=40+2(14+48)=40+124=164\)
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Describe how temperature changes the average Molecular kinetic energy?
Answers
According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, an increase in temperature will increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules. As the particles move faster, they will likely hit the edge of the container more often. If the reaction is kept at constant pressure, they must stay farther apart, and an increase in volume will compensate for the increase in particle collision with the surface of the container.
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A 15-cm-diameter CD has a mass of 23 gA) What is the CD's moment of inertia for rotation about a perpendicular axis through its center? Need units as wellB) What is the CD's moment of inertia for rotation about a perpendicular axis through the edge of the disk? Need units as well
Answers
The CD's moment of inertia for rotation about a perpendicular axis through its center is 7.031× 10⁻⁵ Kgm²
Moment of inertia is defined as the tendency of a body to resist angular acceleration. Where, angular acceleration is the sum of products of mass of the particle in a body and the square of its distance from their axis of rotation.
The given parameters;
diameter of the CD, d = 15 cm
radius of the CD, r = 7.5 cm
mass of the CD, m = 23 g = 0.023 kg
The moment of inertia for a circular disc about its centre is given by
I = 1/2 mr²
I = 6.468 × 10⁻⁵ Kgm²
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2.what are your experimental values for δh°, δs°, and δg° for these reactions? are they in agreement with the theoretical values? discuss any sources of experimental error.
Answers
By following all steps, you can analyze your experimental data values for δh°, δs°, and δg° and discuss any potential sources of error in your results.
The experimental values for ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° for the reactions you are working on. Since you didn't provide the specific reactions, I cannot provide you with the actual values. However, I can guide you through the steps to obtain those values and compare them with theoretical values.
1. Determine the experimental values for ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°:
a. Measure the heat change (q) during the reaction using a calorimeter.
b. Calculate the change in enthalpy (ΔH°) by dividing the heat change (q) by the moles of the limiting reactant.
c. Determine the change in entropy (ΔS°) by analyzing the reaction's products and reactants in terms of their order and molecular complexity.
d. Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) using the formula ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°, where T is the temperature in Kelvin.
2. Compare the experimental values with theoretical values:
a. Look up the standard enthalpies (ΔH°), entropies (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energies (ΔG°) for the reactions in literature or reference materials.
b. Compare your experimental values with the theoretical values to determine if they are in agreement.
3. Discuss any sources of experimental error:
a. Identify any possible sources of error in your experimental setup or procedure, such as measurement inaccuracies, heat loss, or impurities in the reactants.
b. Discuss how these errors could have impacted your experimental values and whether they could account for any discrepancies between your experimental and theoretical values.
By following these steps, you can analyze your experimental data and discuss any potential sources of error in your results.
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If a bag of chips cost $4.50 and contains 6 servings, how much are you paying per serving?
Answers
Answer:
.75
Explanation:
Answer:
0.75 cents
Explanation:
Arrange the following order of increasing intermolecular forces: methane (ch4), propane (c3h8), butane (c4h10).
Answers
Order of increasing intermolecular forces will be CH4 < C3H8 < C4H10.
What is meant by intermolecular forces ?The electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion that operate between atoms and other types of nearby particles, such as atoms or ions, are examples of intermolecular forces (IMFs), also known as secondary forces. In comparison to intramolecular forces, which keep a molecule together, intermolecular forces are weak. For instance, the forces between adjacent molecules are substantially less than the covalent bond, which involves exchanging electron pairs between atoms.Both sets of forces are crucial components of the force fields that molecular mechanics frequently employs.Macroscopic observations that show the existence and operation of forces at the molecular level serve as the starting point for the study of intermolecular forces.Learn more about intermolecular forces refer to :
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what is the importance of filtering kmno4 solution and why do we use glass-wool instead of filter-paper?
Answers
so.. the answer is “ to retain any presence of MnO[sub]2[/sub]that may drop out of solution during filtration.”
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During an experiment, solid iodine was placed in a sealed container. The container was gradually heated and purple-colored vapors of iodine formed were observed. Describe this system when it reaches phase equilibrium.
Answers
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
A system is said to have attained dynamic equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction and the rate of reverse reaction are equal.
Considering the system under consideration;
I2(s)⇄I2(g)
Heating the container converts solid iodine to purple coloured iodine vapour.
At equilibrium, there will be no net change in the amount of solid iodine and iodine vapour present in the system because the two processes (forward and reverse reactions) occur at the same rate at equilibrium.
A compound has a molecular weight of 112. 124 atomic mass units and the empirical formula C3H4O. What is the molecular formula of the compound? Use the periodic table to help you. A. C6H8O B. C9H12O3 C. C8H4O2 D. C4H8O2 E. C6H8O2.
Answers
The molecular formula of the compound which has a molecular weight of 112.124 atomic mass units is C₆H₈O₂.
What is molecular formula?Molecular formula of any compound tells about the composition and numbers of each entities present in that molecule.
Steps involved in the prediction of molecular formula:
First we predict the molar mass of given emperical formula as:Molar mass of C₃H₄O = 3(12) + 4(1) + 16 = 56
Now we divide the given mass by the calculated mass of empirical formula:112.124/56 = 2
Now we multiply the subscripts of given empirical formula by this whole number and we get:Molecular formula = (C₃H₄O)₂ = C₆H₈O₂
Hence correct option is (E).
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Gas stored in a tank at 273 K has a pressure of 388 kPa. The safe limit for pressure is 825 kPa. At what temperature will the gas reach this pressure?
Answers
580.47 Kelvin
Gas stored in a tank at 273 K has a pressure of 388 kPa. The safe limit for pressure is 825 kPa.
temperature will the gas reach this pressure =
as per above statement, we have got
p1 = 388 kPa P2 = 825 kPa
T1 = 273 K T2 =
as per ideal gas equation PV = nRT
since n, V , R is constant , so we ignore them,
now equation will become
P1/T1 = P2T2
now putting the values
388/273 = 825/T2
T2 = 825 * 273 ÷ 388
T2 = 224,225/388
T2 = 580.47 Kelvin
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a compound has the molecular formula c5h10o, and strong absorptions at 1100 and 3350 cm−1. which is the most likely structure for the compound?
Answers
According to the given statement Cyclopentanol is the most likely structure for the compound.
Which is a molecular formula *?The chemical formula for a molecular cell's molecular formula lists the variety of atoms that make up the unit. A subscript under oxygen in CO2, for instance, indicates that there are two oxygen atoms there, but a subscript under carbon indicates that there is just one carbon atom present.
What role does the molecular formula perform?All the components that make up a chemical may be identified with the use of molecular formulae. For instance, it informs us that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. It is also possible to determine how many atoms of each kind are included in a molecule.
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How many DIFFERENT elements are involved in the equation shown below?
Answers
Answer:
5
Explanation:
The elements contained in this equation are:
Na
Cl
H
S
O