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Evolution and Natural Selection Lab Report

Instructions: In the Natural Selection lab you will explore adaptations that help organisms survive best in a particular habitat. You will observe how changing a factor in the environment will impact the organisms that live there over time. Record your observations in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report.


Name and Title

Include your name, instructor's name, date, and name of lab.



Objective(s)

In your own words, what was the purpose of this lab?



Hypothesis

In this section, please include the if/then statements you developed during your lab activity. These statements reflect your predicted outcomes for the investigations. You will investigate two different versions of the tree environment as it changes over time: light-colored bark and dark-colored bark. Be sure to list your hypothesis for each environment below.


Example: If I investigate the light-colored bark environment, then I will observe an increase in the light-colored peppered moths over time.


Hypothesis for the light-colored bark:


Hypothesis for the dark-colored bark:



Procedure

The procedures are listed in your virtual lab. You do not need to repeat them here. Please be sure to identify the test variable (independent variable) and the outcome variable (dependent variable) for this investigation.


Reminder: The test variable is the item that is changing in this investigation. The outcome variable is the item that you are measuring in this investigation.


Test variable (independent variable):


Outcome variable (dependent variable):



Data

You will investigate both environments. Record your data for each trial of that environment in the data charts below.



Pre-Industrial Revolution Bark (Light-colored)


Generation Rate of Survival for Light-colored Peppered Moths Rate of Survival for Dark-colored Peppered Moths

1


2


3


4


5



Post-Industrial Revolution Bark (Dark-colored)


Generation Rate of Survival for Light-colored Peppered Moths Rate of Survival for Dark-colored Peppered Moths

1


2


3


4


5



Conclusion

Your conclusion will include a summary of the lab results and an interpretation of the results. Please write in complete sentences.


What caused the tree bark to become darker?

In the lab simulation, which color peppered moth was able to have the higher rate of survival on the light bark?

In the lab simulation, which color peppered moth was able to have the highest rate of survival on the dark bark?

During the Industrial Revolution, explain what caused the population of light-colored peppered moths to decrease and the population of dark-colored peppered moths to increase over time. Be sure to include how the ability to survive and reproduce impacts the process of natural selection.

Predict which color peppered moth would have a better chance of survival in your neighborhood? Explain why.

A product containing antiseptic reaches the sanitation level of decontamination.

Decontamination is a combination of processes to remove or destroy contamination so that infectious agents and other contaminants cannot reach vulnerable areas in sufficient quantities to cause infection or other adverse reactions.

The stages of decontamination are sterilization, disinfection, sanitation.

Sanitation: Also called sanitizing. A chemical process that reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria on cleaned surfaces to harmless levels

1. Remove impurities.

2. For safety by removing toxic or harmful substances, such as hazardous chemicals or radioactive substances.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

C

Monosaccharides are to polysaccharides as are AMINO ACIDS to PROTEINS.

In conclusion, monosaccharides are to polysaccharides as are AMINO ACIDS to PROTEINS.

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Answer:

18

Explanation:

gametes only contain one half of a full genome (genetic makeup) so 36/2 is 18

Answer:

Stomach

Explanation:

Answer:

Lipids are an important element of the cell membrane. The structure is usually composed of a glycerol backbone.

Carbohydrates, it's very literal: are “hydrates of carbon” and possess the general structure of C(n)H(2n)O(n).

Modern biotechnology relies heavily on our understanding of genes, which are segments of DNA that carry specific instructions for creating functions or characteristics in organisms.

Genes are fundamental units of heredity found in all living organisms. They contain the genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of an organism. Our understanding of genes, including their structure, regulation, and manipulation, forms the basis of modern biotechnology.

By studying genes, scientists can identify and isolate specific segments of DNA responsible for desired traits or functions in organisms. This knowledge allows them to manipulate these genes through techniques such as genetic engineering or gene editing. These techniques enable the transfer of genes across different species, resulting in the creation of organisms with novel characteristics or improved traits. For example, genetic modification has been used to develop crops with increased resistance to pests or herbicides, as well as the production of pharmaceuticals through the use of genetically engineered microorganisms.

Understanding genes also plays a crucial role in fields like genomics, personalized medicine, and gene therapy. By analyzing an individual's genetic makeup, scientists can gain insights into their susceptibility to certain diseases, develop targeted treatments, and even modify genes to correct genetic disorders.

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Answer:

What are the cells?

Explanation:

1) Cells of a Zygote

2) Cells of Blastocyst

3) Cells of Mesoderm

4) Cells of Heart

Answer:

probably flood

:))

Explanation:

hehehe

Ultraviolet light can be the answer to future outbreaks because it has the capability to kill the microorganisms present in air and thus can prevent the infectious diseases caused by them.

Ultraviolet light is the EM radiation with the wavelength range 10 nm to 400 nm. It is already being used in research labs for maintaining the microbe free environment. Researches are also being conducted to produce such ceiling lights that can be used normally in households so that the the air-borne microorganisms can be killed.

Microorganisms are the small living organisms not visible to the unaided eyes. They have the strong capability to produce their new variants by mutation and cause infectious diseases. The ultraviolet light can kill them even before they are able to transform themselves.  

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Answer:

A is d answer

Explanation:

production of egg

Answer:

Answer of Question 7

Fertilisers are inorganic chemicals which are not easily degraded. Excess use of fertilisers causes environmental pollution as their residual and unused amounts will become pollutants for air, water and soil.

Answer:

Answer of Question 8

Genetically modified crops are crops produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the mmethods of genetic engineering

Example

cotton

Answer: Vacuoles

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

A Desired traits

Explanation:

selective breeding is the breeding animals or plants to get desired traits.

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants and animals make their food in the presence of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.

True

Plant biology, bioscience, and biotechnology are ways to modify or enhance existing plants and animals artificially. The term "Genetic modification" refers to the use of scientific methods to alter DNA, enzymes, or GFP.

Agricultural Biotechnology:

A variety of methods, such as conventional breeding practices, that modify living organisms or components of living organisms in order to produce or modify products, enhance plants or animals, or create microbes with particular agricultural applications. Today's biotechnology also uses genetic engineering technologies.

Genetic modification:

Genetic engineering or more conventional techniques are used to produce heritable changes in plants or animals for particular purposes. Besides the United States, some other nations use this phrase to refer particularly to genetic engineering.

Thus, plant biology, bioscience, and biotechnology are ways to modify or enhance existing plants and animals artificially. The term "Genetic modification" refers to the use of scientific methods to alter DNA, enzymes, or GFP.

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The complete question is-

Complete the sentences using the correct term.

Plant biology/bioscience/biotechnology is a means to artificially improve or modify existing plants and animals. It uses scientific processes to make changes to the genetic material enzymes/DNA/GFP ______.

Answer: No because each have an important impact on humans.

Explanation:

Answer: During the lead-up to a solar eclipse from the Moon, a viewer on the Moon would see the Sun approach the dark disk of Earth, with the planet's nightside facing the Moon. Earth's atmosphere would be lit from behind, creating a reddish ring around the planet that would glow brighter as the eclipse proceeded.

Explanation:

Answer:

All of the above

Explanation:

The analytical approach in forensic chemical analysis of an unknown substance is to narrow down the possibilities until a drug is identified. After visual examination, presumptive or screening tests are conducted.

Forensic scientists are the category of scientists dealing with the test and test sampling. Drugs are mostly flown in the blood . The correct answer is all of the above.

Drugs can be both narcotics and non- narcotics. There are the different categories that affect the central nervous system.

Drugs mostly flow in blood because of ions and molecules that get mixed with the blood.

Drugs mostly are prone to be mixed with the blood and these have easy and fast affect on the human body which makes us sometimes bear the mechanism of body reactions.

There are strong reactions that are complex that takes place in the body that makes us habitual sometimes.

Therefore, Forensic scientists can use blood as the most acceptable along with exceptions to other three options as well  of the following to test for the presence of drugs in a human.

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We postulate that the genetic makeup of this virus may contain a small amount of intramolecular base-pairing.

Genetics is the study of genes and heredity, or how specific traits or qualities are passed from mother to child as a result of changes in DNA sequence. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions necessary to build one or more chemicals that help the body function.

One gene mutation can result in a genetic illness. multifactorial inheritance problem, by a mix of gene mutations with environmental variables, or by damage to chromosomal variations in the number of structure of all the chromosomes, or monogenic disorder caused by mutations in several genes

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Transfection is the process of inserting a recombinant DNA molecule into a cell. Here option A is the correct answer.

Transfection is the deliberate introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells, such as animal or plant cells, using various methods such as electroporation, lipofection, or viral vectors. This process is crucial in genetic engineering, where recombinant DNA technology is used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desirable traits, such as improved crop yield, resistance to diseases, or the production of valuable proteins.

During transfection, the recombinant DNA molecule, which is a hybrid molecule made up of DNA from different sources, is delivered into the host cell's cytoplasm or nucleus. Once inside the cell, the recombinant DNA molecule can integrate into the host genome, where it can be replicated and expressed along with the host DNA.

Transfection has revolutionized the field of biotechnology and has opened up new possibilities for research and applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. It has also raised ethical concerns about the potential risks and unintended consequences of releasing genetically modified organisms into the environment.

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Complete question:

The process of putting a recombinant DNA molecule into a cell is called.

A) Transfection

B) Translation

C) Replication

D) Transcription

Bioinformatics is the interdisciplinary field that combines computer science, statistics, and biology to manage, analyze, and interpret biological data, particularly large-scale genomic and proteomic data.

One of the main applications of bioinformatics is in the analysis of genome sequences. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the amount of genomic data available for analysis has increased exponentially, and bioinformatics has become essential for understanding and interpreting this data.

Bioinformatics tools and techniques are used to compare and analyze genome sequences, identify genes and regulatory elements, predict protein structure and function, and analyze biological pathways and networks.

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Answer:

lipids

Explanation:

Answer:

lipids

Explanation:

macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by the joining of smaller units. Lipids fit that description, but they aren't polymers because they are made up of smaller units of different kinds (like glycerol and fatty acids) rather than monomers that repeat themselves

The industrial use of water for hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can impact the availability and quality of water due to the large volumes of water required and the potential contamination of water sources by chemicals used in the fracking process.

The industrial process of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, involves injecting large volumes of water, sand, and chemicals into underground formations to extract natural gas or oil.

This process requires significant amounts of water, which can strain local water supplies, especially in areas already facing water scarcity or drought. The extraction and treatment of this water can also lead to increased water pollution and contamination, as the chemicals used in the fracking fluid can potentially leak into groundwater sources or be released into surface water bodies.

The disposal of wastewater generated from fracking operations can also pose challenges, as it requires proper treatment and management to prevent contamination of water resources.

Overall, the industrial use of water for fracking can have significant implications for both the availability and quality of water in affected regions.

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Answer: Genetic Drift

Explanation:

It's all based on sampling errors.

Cladograms are graphic representations of the relationship between different taxa according to derivated characters. Option A is correct. Group D has a segmented body and jaws, but no limbs.

A Cladogram is a graph drown as a tree, which is based on cladistic analysis. It represents the common ancestral relationships and the emergence of different characters among the involved groups.

Explains evolution with the minimal amount of evolutive changes.

It recognizes the monophyletic groups as natural groups. These groups are the clades, and their classification -sequencing- represents their phylogeny.

So the cladogram represents the relationship between groups according to a derived character.

The derivated character is any trait that a group passes to its descendants.

Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derivate character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram carry the trait.

In the provided cladogram, segmentes bodies, jaws, limbs and other traits are derivated characters.

Group D has a segmented body and jaws, but does not express limbs.

This last trait emerged later in history and is expressed by groups E, F and G.

Option A is correct. Group D.

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Answer: (D)

Explanation: All planets have circular orbits around the Sun. Comets have elliptical orbit.

A protein coded for in DNA has much more complex primary and secondary structures, allowing it to hold much more information.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)  is a type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein as  it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation is the second step by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

DNA stores biological information in sequences of four bases of nucleic acid adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) which are clumped with the sugar phosphate chain in the shape of a double helix.

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"Bees per week" represents the rate of increase of a honeybee population over time.

The representation "bees per week" represents the rate of increase of the honeybee population over time.

When we say that a honeybee population increases at a rate of "bees per week," we are describing the rate of change of the population over time. Specifically, we are saying that for each unit of time (in this case, one week), the population will increase by a certain number of bees.

For example, if the rate is 100 bees per week, then we would expect the population to increase by 100 bees each week. So if we start with a population of 500 bees, after one week we would have 600 bees (500 + 100), after two weeks we would have 700 bees (600 + 100), and so on.

This representation of the rate of increase is useful because it allows us to make predictions about how the population will change over time. By knowing the starting population and the rate of increase, we can estimate what the population will be after a certain amount of time has passed.

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