Answer:
The power of defensive weapons made winning the war on the western front all but impossible for either side. When attacks were ordered, Allied soldiers went “over the top,” climbing out of their trenches and crossing no-man's-land to reach enemy trenches.
Explanation:
Why do you think jefferson brings up lafayette after the second cabinet battle? explain the importance.
In conclusion, Jefferson's mention of Lafayette highlights the significance of historical alliances and their impact on national interests.
Jefferson brings up Lafayette after the second cabinet battle because Lafayette was a key figure in the American Revolution and had a close relationship with Jefferson. In the song "Cabinet Battle #2" from the musical Hamilton, Jefferson mentions Lafayette to emphasize the importance of maintaining strong ties with France. Lafayette symbolizes the support and alliance between the United States and France during the Revolutionary War.
By referencing Lafayette, Jefferson is reminding his audience of the assistance and friendship France provided during a critical time in American history. This reinforces the idea that maintaining good relations with France is crucial for the United States' continued success.
In conclusion, Jefferson's mention of Lafayette highlights the significance of historical alliances and their impact on national interests.
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Why was it the perfect place for the industrial revolution to begin
Answer:
There were several factors that combined to make Great Britain an ideal place for industrialization. First, the Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century created a favorable climate for industrialization. ... Britain had a vast supply of mineral resources used to run industrial machines, such as coal.
Explanation:
1942 naval battle between u.s. and japanese forces, won by the americans, turning point in the war:__
The naval battle that took place in 1942 between U.S. and Japanese forces, and was won by the Americans, was the Battle of Midway. This battle is considered a major turning point in World War II.
The Battle of Midway, which occurred from June 4 to June 7, 1942, was fought near the Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The American forces, led by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, were able to successfully intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet that had intended to invade Midway Island. The victory was significant for several reasons. Firstly, the Battle of Midway halted the Japanese expansion in the Pacific. Prior to the battle, Japan had been successful in conquering vast territories and establishing dominance in the region. However, the defeat at Midway marked a strategic setback for Japan, as it lost four aircraft carriers and a significant portion of its naval aircrew. This loss severely weakened the Japanese navy and shifted the balance of power in favor of the United States. Secondly, the Battle of Midway boosted the morale of the American military and the nation as a whole. The victory demonstrated that the Japanese forces were not invincible and that the United States had the capability to counter their advances. It also showcased the effectiveness of code-breaking efforts by American intelligence, as they were able to decipher Japanese plans and gain an advantage in the battle. In conclusion, the Battle of Midway in 1942 was a pivotal event in World War II. The American victory at Midway not only halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific but also bolstered American morale and marked a turning point in the war. It showcased the strength and determination of the United States in the face of a formidable enemy, leading to subsequent Allied victories and ultimately the ultimate defeat of Japan in 1945.
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daring southern commander killed at the battle of chancellorsville. True/False
Answer:
True. A daring Southern commander, Stonewall Jackson, was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville during the American Civil War. Jackson was a prominent Confederate general known for his tactical brilliance and aggressive maneuvers on the battlefield. He was accidentally shot by his own troops while returning from a reconnaissance mission during the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. His death was a significant loss for the Confederacy and had a major impact on the outcome of the war.
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The given statement-''daring southern commander killed at the battle of chancellorsville'' is True.
During the Battle of Chancellorsville in the American Civil War, a daring southern commander named General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was killed.
The battle took place from April 30 to May 6, 1863. On the evening of May 2, 1863, while scouting positions, Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men. His death was a significant loss for the Confederate forces as Jackson was known for his tactical brilliance and aggressive leadership.
The loss of Jackson had a profound impact on the outcome of the battle and the subsequent strategies employed by both the Union and Confederate armies.
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WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLYEST!!
What problems and events did Margaret Borland overcome as a child in Texas?
Answer and Paragraphs:
Six hundred and forty eight miles of dust, daily
peril and daunting cattle trail faced Margaret Heffernan
Dunbar Hardy Borland when she left her ranch in
Victoria, Texas, and led 2,500 longhorns, drovers, two
young sons, an even younger daughter and a
granddaughter, up the trail to Wichita, Kansas, in 1873.
No woman had ever run a trail drive before, but it was
not the first time Margaret Borland had faced dangerous
challenges head on.
She was only 5 years old when her family came
to Texas by ship, with the first wave of Irish immigrants
in 1829. They settled in San Patricio, in the prairie
of the Coastal Bend, where her father was
killed in an Indian attack when she was
twelve. With no time to grieve as the Texas
Revolution broke out, her widowed
mother grabbed the children and ran in
front of the advancing Mexican armies,
taking refuge in the fort at Goliad.
Somehow they escaped the massacre
there , possibly because their fluent
Spanish helped them pass as Mexicans.
After Texas had won its freedom, the
family returned to San Patricio to renew their
lives. At nineteen, Margaret married Harrison
Dunbar -- the first of her 3 husbands. Within a year, she
was both a mother and a widow, when Harrison was
killed in a pistol duel on the streets of Victoria.
Margaret married Milton Hardy a few years later,
and they built their combined 2,912 acres into a
prosperous cattle ranch. Four children followed, one
dying in infancy, as was tragically common back then.
Cholera then took the life of her second husband and
her lone surviving son. For the next 4 years, she ran the
ranch herself, with some help from her brother.
In 1860, just as the Civil War broke out, she was
already a wealthy and fearless woman when she met
and married one of the richest cattle ranchers in South
Texas, Alexander Borland. Between them they had a
herd of 8,000 longhorns when word of trail drives to
Missouri and Kansas had reached South Texas. The army
needed beef to feed its soldiers, and for many, the pay
was worth the peril. But the Borlands stayed at home,
having more children and living a full Texas ranching
lifestyle.
Margaret's challenge was to find a way to
get more money for her remaining steers
than the $8 per head paid at the San
Antonio market. Hearing that she could
earn $23.80 per head in Kansas, she
decided to push part of her herd north,
for richer markets.
So, at age 49, Margaret packed up
children and supplies and headed up the
Chisholm Trail to Wichita. When she arrived
two months later, her unique feat earned her
headlines in newspapers everywhere, but it was "the
end of the trail" for Margaret's health as well. On July 5,
1873, she died of what a doctor named "brain
congestion" and "trail driving fever". Selling the herd
was left to her young sons, who then brought their
mother home to be buried in Victoria Cemetery.
To this day, Margaret Borland is the ONLY
woman known to have driven a herd up the Chisholm
Trail, serving as her own Trail Boss. Margaret spent her
lifetime facing down calamities, overcoming misfortune
and seemingly insurmountable obstacles, and suffering
the deaths of many loved ones. Her courage and will to
not simply survive, but to succeed in an alien and often
hostile territory earns her special distinction as one of
the frontier women who personified the "can-do" spirit
that settled the West!
which of the following did not lead to the agricultural revolution
a) seed drill
b) crop rotation
c) power loom
d) selective breeding
All of the following are true about the early Mayans EXCEPT:
a
They were nomads.
b
They were hunters and gatherers.
c
They grew maize, cassava, squash and beans.
d
They had an advanced agricultural system with terraces and irrigation.
HURRY PLEASE
All of the following are true about the early Mayans EXCEPT They had an advanced agricultural system with terraces and irrigation. Thus the correct option is D
The ancient Mayans were able to grow crops like beans, corn, cassava, and squash in the Yucatan Peninsula, Because of their sophisticated agricultural system.
In order to maximize food production in the tropical climate of the Yucatan Peninsula, they devised advanced systems for terrace construction, irrigation, and crop rotation. This allowed them to flourish.
Therefore, option D is appropriate.
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Why did Spain see Religion (Roman Catholicism) as the primary way to control the new world?
What is the “twist” in this episode of the twilight zone? What might creator rod serling to communicate with this unexpected twist in the story?
The twist is that the man is actually an astronaut training for a solo trip; he's been in isolation for days, and the town was just a hallucination he was having. In the solitary confinement chamber, the crossing button actually serves as a panic button.
Popular TV program The Twilight Zone, which aired from 1959 to 1965, combined science fiction with fantasy and horror. The surroundings and personalities in the episodes were frequently ones that viewers were familiar with. The tales, however, were anything but typical because they took place in "the twilight zone," an imaginary realm situated just outside of our own. In creating the series, producer and writer Rod Serling hoped these stories would prompt thoughtful discussions of social issues. One of Serling's most thought-provoking episodes, "Eye of the Beholder," explores our perceptions of what is "normal" and how they affect how we feel about ourselves and how we interact with others."Eye of the Beholder" is one of the best episodes of "The Twilight Zone" even when the viewer is watching for the third or fourth time. The greatest message of this show is the saying beauty is in the eye of the beholder, meaning the perception of beauty is subjective.Being an anthology series, The Twilight Zone delivers a new story with fresh people in each episode. However, they are all set in the region of the same name, which is full of monsters, grants desires at a horrible price, and dispensates moral lessons in copious amounts.To learn more about Twilight Zone visit:https://brainly.com/question/6245724
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Explain the social, political, economic, and cultural significance of immigrant groups and their contribution in Washington State
Immigrant groups have made significant contributions to Washington State's social, political, economic, and cultural development.
Immigrant groups have played a significant role in shaping the social, political, economic, and cultural landscape of Washington State.
They have contributed to the state's economy by creating jobs, starting businesses, and increasing the tax base.
Immigrants have also brought new cultural traditions and food to the region, contributing to its rich and diverse cultural fabric.
Politically, immigrants have organized and advocated for their rights, helping to shape policies that benefit their communities.
Additionally, the social significance of immigrant groups lies in their ability to bring a fresh perspective to the state and to contribute to its diversity and inclusivity.
Overall, the contributions of immigrant groups have made Washington State a more vibrant and dynamic place to live.
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Uing Section 7 in your TCI text, pleae anwer the following quetion:
13. How might a Federalit have reponded to thi pot?
14. How might a Democratic-Republican have reponded to thi pot?
The pot i about Thoma Jefferon defeating Burr and being elected a preident
A Federalist may have expressed disapproval of Thomas Jefferson's political beliefs and policies as a Democratic-Republican after Jefferson was elected president.
From April 13, 1743[a] to July 4, 1826, Thomas Jefferson, an American statesman, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and founding father, lived. He served as the third president of the United States from 1801 until 1809. Prior to that, he served as John Adams' second vice president and George Washington's first secretary of state, respectively. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, whose support for democracy, republicanism, and individual liberty prompted colonists in the United States to split from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation. At the state, federal, and international levels, he rendered significant decisions and publications.
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what role did simon bolivar play in latin americas independence movements
12. The Twelfth Amendment established a new process for choosing a president and a vice
president. The purpose of this amendment was to -
SOMEONE HELP PLS QUICK
The purpose of this amendment was to requires the Senate to choose between the candidates with the "two highest numbers" of electoral votes. In this case President and vice president.
The 12th Amendment, which was enacted by Congress on December 9, 1803, and ratified by the state legislatures on June 15, 1804, fixed flaws in the previous electoral system that led to the contentious Presidential Election of 1800 by requiring separate Electoral College votes for the president and vice president.
What was the purpose of the amendment?Amendments allow for gradual law and policy improvement as opposed to complete replacement. The ratification of amendments allows for the modification of local, state, and federal laws. In the United States, legislative bodies work under the assumption that rules and regulations may be improved over time.
With the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, it was made clear that if a new president was not chosen by that calendar day, the elected vice president would carry out those corresponding duties in the interim. In 1933, the Twentieth Amendment changed the inauguration date to January 20.
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Name two critics of the New Deal and describe the changes that each one proposed
Answer:
The Federal Arts Project paid artists to create public art, and the Federal Theater Project supported American playwrights and brought live drama to community
Explanation:
Two critics of the new deal were
The liberty leagueRobert A. TaftThe liberty league was made up of very wealthy Americans that were conservatives.
They opposed the new deal because they felt that it gave the government too much power and it was stifling the freedom that Americans enjoyed.
Robert Taft was a republican senator. He opposed this New deal, he described it as socialism while citing that it was harming the business interests in the country.
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Augustine did all the following except
The following questions from the video on STARBUCKS should be
answered for your BLOG POST
1. In your opinion do you think Starbucks North America grew too
fast into Australia?
2.Should they have done
Answer:
Explanation:
Title: Starbucks in Australia: A Rapid Expansion Worth Revisiting
Introduction:
Starbucks, the renowned global coffee giant, embarked on an ambitious journey of expansion into Australia. However, their endeavor was met with mixed results and various challenges. In this blog post, we will explore the growth trajectory of Starbucks in Australia and provide insights into whether they grew too fast and what they could have done differently.
In your opinion, do you think Starbucks North America grew too fast into Australia?
Starbucks' rapid expansion into Australia can be seen as a double-edged sword. On one hand, their swift growth showcased their confidence and ambition in penetrating new markets. On the other hand, it can be argued that Starbucks grew too fast into Australia without fully understanding the unique coffee culture and market dynamics of the country.
Australia has a well-established and sophisticated coffee culture, with a strong preference for specialty coffee and artisanal cafes. The market was already saturated with local coffee chains and independent cafes, which posed a significant challenge for Starbucks. Furthermore, Australian consumers were accustomed to high-quality coffee and demanded an authentic experience, which Starbucks struggled to deliver initially.
Should they have done things differently?
In hindsight, there are several aspects that Starbucks could have approached differently when expanding into Australia:
a) Market Research and Understanding: Prior to entering a new market, it is essential for any company, including Starbucks, to conduct comprehensive market research and understand the local consumer preferences, competitive landscape, and cultural nuances. This would have helped Starbucks tailor their offerings to better suit the Australian market and avoid missteps.
b) Adapting to Local Preferences: Starbucks initially replicated their North American model in Australia, which did not resonate well with the local consumers. Instead, they should have focused on adapting their menu and store ambiance to align with Australian preferences. This could have included showcasing more local coffee varieties, partnering with local suppliers, and creating a cozy, neighborhood café atmosphere.
c) Collaborations and Partnerships: Starbucks could have explored partnerships with established local coffee players or acquired existing coffee chains to gain a deeper understanding of the market and leverage the expertise of local industry players. Such collaborations could have facilitated a smoother entry and a quicker adaptation to the Australian market.
d) Pricing Strategy: Starbucks' premium pricing strategy did not align with the prevailing coffee culture in Australia, where consumers expect high-quality coffee at reasonable prices. Adjusting their pricing strategy to be more competitive and appealing to Australian consumers might have helped attract a larger customer base.
Conclusion:
Starbucks' expansion into Australia serves as a valuable case study on the importance of market research, adaptation to local preferences, and understanding the cultural nuances of a new market. While their initial rapid growth showcased ambition, it also highlighted the potential pitfalls of not fully comprehending the dynamics of a specific market. By approaching the Australian market with more localized strategies and understanding, Starbucks may have been able to navigate the challenges more effectively and establish a stronger presence in the country's vibrant coffee landscape.
Read the Gettysburg Address. What did Lincoln propose was really at stake (something that was in danger of being lost) in the Civil War besides just the Union (the United States remaining a country)?
Answer:
Weather or not a nation so concieved can endure. What’s at stake: a nation as a place and as an idea. One defdicated to freedom and respect of ones rights
Explanation:
When to Capitalize after a Colon?
Capitalization after a colon depends on the context in which the colon is used.
the standard guidelines to follow when choosing whether to uppercase words following a colon:
If the first word following a colon starts a sentence, capitalize it.
There was only one thing left to do, which was to run.
If the first word after a colon is the first word of a phrase or an incomplete sentence, do not uppercase it.
The team's objectives, for instance, were to win every game while also working hard and enjoying themselves.
The first word after the colon should be in lowercase if the colon is used to introduce a list or sequence of items that are not entire sentences.
Pens, paper, and highlighters, for instance, are necessities.
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how does the constitution of 1787 address the threat factions may pose for social order and successful governance?
The Constitution of 1787 addresses the threat factions may pose for social order and successful governance through a system of checks and balances and the establishment of a representative government.
First, the Constitution establishes a system of checks and balances among the three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This system is designed to prevent any one faction or group from gaining excessive power.
Each branch has its own specific powers and can limit the actions of the other branches through mechanisms such as veto power, judicial review, and the confirmation process for appointments.
Second, the Constitution establishes a representative government, where elected officials serve as representatives of the people. This helps mitigate the influence of factions by ensuring that decisions are made through a broader process of deliberation and compromise.
By having representatives from different regions and constituencies, the Constitution aims to prevent any single faction from dominating the political landscape and enacting policies that could be detrimental to the interests of other groups.
Additionally, the Constitution includes mechanisms for the protection of individual rights and liberties. These rights provide a safeguard against potential tyranny by factions. The Bill of Rights, which consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, explicitly guarantees fundamental freedoms such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, which help protect against the oppression of minority factions.
Overall, the Constitution of 1787 addresses the threat factions may pose for social order and successful governance by establishing a system of checks and balances, a representative government, and protections for individual rights. These mechanisms work together to promote stability, fairness, and the prevention of undue factional influence in the governance of the United States.
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During the Age of Faith, the church was
organized to resemble which of the
following?
A. A communist dictatorship.
B. A democratic republic.
C. A kingdom in Europe.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
what chief architect of romanesque revival designed trinity church in boston?
American architect Henry Hobson Richardson chief architect of the Romanesque revival designed the trinity church in Boston.
The Romanesque Revival architectural style known as Richardsonian Romanesque is named for the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1866). Southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque elements from the 11th and 12th centuries are all included in the revival style.
When designing the Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, in 1870, Richardson was the first to use aspects of the style. In the late 19th century, several architects copied this design; subsequently, Richardsonian Romanesque architecture also inspired contemporary architectural forms.
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29)
Which is the BEST description of the goals of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction?
what events in donora, pennsylvania, and london, england, in the 1940s and 1950s helped spur the clean-air movement? responses construction of new high-polluting factories construction of new high-polluting factories deadly smogs deadly smogs mass protests mass protests passage of legislation
Great Smog of London, lethal smog; masked the city of London for five days in December 1952. It was mainly caused by a amalgamation of industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions. It is thought to have claimed as many as 12,000 lives.
It was the impetus for extensive air pollution controls in Britain. Following this disaster, the government passed the Clean Air Act of 1956. This for the first time control both domestic and industrial smoke emissions.
With the Industrial Revolution Britain became the workshop of the world. UK coal utilization increased from around 10 million tons a year in 1800 to almost 200 million tons in 1950. A smoke haze surrounded many cities in England. It cloged out the sun, blackening buildings, increasing the acutness of fog, and damaging people's health.
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How did the mountain ranges in the western and northern parts of China affect its development?
Answer:
The mountain ranges in the western and northern parts of China have had a significant impact on its development. These mountain ranges include the Himalayas, Kunlun Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, and Altai Mountains. They have acted as natural barriers, separating China from neighboring countries such as India, Pakistan, and Russia. This has helped to protect China from invasions and provided a sense of isolation, which has contributed to the development of a unique culture and civilization.
Additionally, the mountain ranges have influenced the climate and geography of China, affecting agriculture, transportation, and communication. For example, the Himalayas act as a barrier to the monsoon winds, which has led to the development of arid regions in the northwest. The Tianshan Mountains have created a basin and range topography, which has affected the distribution of water resources and agriculture in the region.
Explanation:
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How did nationalism play a role in the creation of Israel?
Answer:
Nationalist Zionism emerged from the Revisionist Zionists, which left the World Zionist Organization in 1935, when the larger group refused to focus on the creation of the Jewish state of Israel as a primary goal of Zionism. Later, the Revisionists evolved into the Likud Party in Israel, which has controlled most Israeli governments since 1977.
Explanation:
By shifting again from a contextually and historically-derived theory of nationalism towards a more cognitive and tradition-based approach, centered on the ethno-symbolic approach professed by Anthony D. Smith and John Hutchinson, elements of Israel’s nationalism and national identity are analyzed as contributing to its existence as a ‘zone of conflict’ and to its violent behavior.
How might the differences in economic activities between north and southern states affect their ability to wage war?
The differences in economic activities between the northern and southern states during the Civil War era had a significant impact on their ability to wage war. These differences played a crucial role in shaping the strategies, resources, and overall capacity of each side. Here are some ways in which these economic disparities affected their ability to wage war:
Industrialization and Manufacturing: The northern states were more industrialized and had a well-developed manufacturing base. They had factories and industries that could produce weapons, ammunition, uniforms, and other supplies needed for war. This industrial capacity gave the North an advantage in terms of producing and supplying war materials.
Agricultural Production: The southern states relied heavily on agriculture, particularly cotton production using slave labor. This agricultural economy was ill-suited for sustaining a protracted war effort. The southern states faced challenges in mobilizing resources and providing food and supplies for their troops due to the dependence on cash crops and limited industrial infrastructure.
Transportation Infrastructure: The North had a superior transportation system with an extensive network of railroads, canals, and roads. This allowed for efficient movement of troops, supplies, and equipment, facilitating logistics and communication.
Population and Manpower: The North had a larger population and a greater pool of manpower to draw upon for military service. This gave them a numerical advantage in terms of raising and maintaining larger armies. The South, with its smaller population, struggled to match the North's manpower and faced difficulties in recruiting and sustaining its forces.
These economic differences influenced the overall capacity and sustainability of the war efforts of both sides. The North's industrial and manufacturing capabilities.
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Which person was an important leader of the conservation movement? Jacob Riis O Jane Addams O Frances Willard Teddy Roosevelt
d
President Theodore Roosevelt
A decade after the Forest Reserve Act, presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and McKinley had transferred approximately 50,000,000 acres (200,000 km2) into the forest reserve system. However, President Theodore Roosevelt is credited with the institutionalization of the conservation movement in the United States.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
dentify the collective name given to the routes shown on the map above. In what era did they have the most economic activity? How did they impact civilization at that time?
The pre-industrial period is defined as the period preceding industrialization. During this time period, the majority of economic activity occurred at the subsistence level, where goods were produced for the consumption and the survival of one's family group.
What is the importance of civilization?The study contends that, first and foremost, civilization is essential to human survival. Without it, there can be no solidarity, cooperation, or fraternity among people of different nations; second, every civilization, regardless of size or lifespan, has made enormous contributions to other civilizations.
Civilization is its natural and necessary extension; it allows for the replication of cultural patterns and the creation of conditions for further creativity in the form of social relations stabilization for future generations. As a result, civilization, as a long-term socio-cultural formation, performs a variety of functions.
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(HELPP)In what ways do you imagine that the process of amendment might reflect, or fail to reflect, the needs and wants of the people?
Answer:
change
Explanation:
it may change the way peoples life uses 2 be n it may cause conflict bcoz their must be people who don't support it........if the number of hatters is higher than the number of supporters it may even cause violence
Describe THREE effects that the transition to feudalism had on Western Europe.
Depending on where you were in the structuralist hierarchy, the experience would be different.
For the most part, everything appears unpleasant from a Western perspective of the twenty-first century.
Fortunately, by the end of the High Middle Ages, Free Market Trade and the shift away from an agrarian economy would help to diminish the hold of feudalism in the West.
Between the ninth and fifteenth centuries, the political and social concept that dominated Western Europe was feudalism (the name originates from the Latin feudum or fief). Labor and land were two important considerations.
There is little question that Medieval civilizations evolved inside a framework that was fundamentally feudalistic and hierarchical, notwithstanding some historians' disagreements over whether it is a helpful paradigm to describe the Middle Ages.
After Charlemagne's enormous Carolingian Empire was decentralized, feudal societies began to develop throughout Western Europe. Lords, vassals, and fiefs were the three main components of traditional feudalistic society.
Land was possessed by a lord or noble, a vassal received land on behalf of the lord in exchange for services rendered to the lord, and the subject land was the fief. The lords may utilize vassals for both military and non-military work after they took an oath of loyalty and homage to them (largely involving agricultural labour and produce). The lord agreed to defend the vassal in return. Manorialism is a common word for the economic system (after the manor – the home of the lord).
Almost all feudal systems provided the lord great power over criminal sentencing, the start of the death penalty, and strict control over agricultural policy, albeit there was no one specific style of feudalism that served as the model for European civilization.
By the year 1500, feudalism had all but vanished from much of Western Europe, but it still retained a firm hold on Russia and Eastern Europe. Serfdom, or the bonding of a peasant to the lord's land, was only abolished by the latter in the 1850s.
Thank you,
Eddie