How many liters of a normal saline (0.9% NaCl) solution will contain 18 grams of NaCl?

Answer:

Assign priorities in the following set of substituents according to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules.

-OCH3 -Br -Cl -CH2OH

Explanation:

To give priorities for the substituents that are attached to chiral carbon and  to assign either R or S-configuration the following rules were proposed:

1. The atom with the highest atomic number is given first priority.

2. If the Groups attached to chiral carbon are having the same first atom, then check for the atomic number of the second atom.

Among the given groups,

-Br has the highest atomic number, so it is given first priority.

Then, -Cl.

Then, -OCH3

and the last one is -CH2OH.

Hence, the order is :

BCAD.

Mass spectrometer M+1 peak is small and m/z unit to the right of the main molecular ion peak

Mass spectrometry is an analytical tool useful for measuring to mass to charge ratio and one or more molecule present in a sample and there measurement can often be used to calculate the exact molecular weight of the sample components as well and there is a technique

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The covalent bond is present in the compound C₃H₈. The reactant C is 3, product C is 6, reactant H is 8, product H is 10, Reactant O is 2, product O is 9.

What is covalent bond ?

Atoms share electron pair between them in covalent bonds. H-H or C-H are examples of nonpolar covalent bonds between atoms with similar or identical electronegativity, whereas polar covalent bonds are formed when unequal electronegativity is shared between atoms (e.g., H–O).

What is reactant ?

Raw materials known as reactants combine to create products. When the right factors, such as temperature, time, or pressure, come into play, the chemical bonds between the reactants are broken, allowing the atoms to form new bonds that lead to various combinations.

Therefore, covalent bond is present in the compound C₃H₈. The reactant C is 3, product C is 6, reactant H is 8, product H is 10, Reactant O is 2, product O is 9.

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Answer:

pH = - log [concentration]

pH = - log (0.0043M)

pH = 2.37

If 25.0 grams of water at 100°C are heated at a constant rate of 400.0 joules/minute, 56425J needed to vaporize the sample completely.

What is vaporization?

The process of converting a substance from its liquid or solid state into its gaseous (vapor) state is known as vaporization. Boiling is the process of vaporizing a liquid when the environment permits the development of vapor bubbles inside the liquid. Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid into a vapor.

What is grams?

The gram is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) that is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram. It was originally known as the gramme. Gram. This pen cap weighs around one gram.

Amount of heat required to convert 25g of water at 100°

C to 25g of steam at 100°

C =25×2257J=56425J

Therefore, If 25.0 grams of water at 100°C are heated at a constant rate of 400.0 joules/minute, 56425J needed to vaporize the sample completely.

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The element is aluminum (Al), which is in the third period of the periodic table and has the electron configuration [Ne]3s²3p¹.

The element can be identified by analyzing the ionization energies. The third row of the periodic table contains elements with the electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p¹. Based on the given ionization energies, we can identify the element by finding the period that contains the first eight ionization energies listed.

Looking at the given ionization energies, we can see that the first ionization energy is relatively low, indicating that the element is a metal. The next seven ionization energies increase gradually, indicating that they correspond to removing electrons from successive energy levels.

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Answer:

D. TTACGCCAGG. that would be your answer.

Answer:

i think its either A TTGTACCTCC or D TTACGCCAGG

Explanation:

Answer: C3H8 + 5O2 = 3Co2 +4H2O

Explanation: Equations must be balanced

You must have the same amount of C

H and O on both sides of the equation

Answer:

Explanation:

The pH of 0.02 M hydrochloric acid is approximately 1.7.

THANKS

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Answer:

The increase in human population has impacted Earth's resources in several major ways:

• Increased demand for food, water, and shelter. A larger population requires massive increases in food, water, and living spaces which strains natural resources and infrastructure. Producing enough food alone is a significant challenge.

• Accelerated consumption of resources. As population grows, the use of resources like forests, minerals, fossil fuels also increases rapidly to meet demands. This accelerated depletion of resources threatens long term sustainability.

• Increased pollution. A bigger population produces more pollution, waste, emissions, and environmental degradation as a byproduct of energy usage, transportation, industrialization, and land/resource use. This pollution harms ecosystems and contaminates the air, water and land.

• Biodiversity loss. As natural habitats are destroyed or fragmented to enable more human use, many plant and animal species lose their homes and face a higher risk of extinction. Tropical rainforests, in particular, have been heavily impacted.

• Inequality. While resources are limited, population growth often exacerbates inequality in access to and distribution of resources. Poor or developing regions typically have the highest populations but fewest resources per capita.

• Migration and conflict. Shortages of resources in certain areas or regions may lead to migration, economic troubles, social unrest, and in some cases even resource conflicts or wars.

• Slower development. Extremely rapid population growth rates make it difficult for governments, organizations and societies to effectively manage development, improve standards of living, advance technology, and make other progress at an optimal pace. Slower, more stabilized population growth may enable a higher overall quality of life.

So in many profound and troubling ways, increased population size has created immense pressures on Earth's resources and made it more difficult to meet present and future needs in a sustainable manner. Most experts agree that slowing population growth is critical to ensuring resource security for future generations.

Explanation:

The heat of vaporization of benzene is required.

The heat of vaporization of benzene is 33009 J/kg.

\(T_0\) = Normal boiling point = 80.1+273.15 K

\(T_B\) = Boiling point at given pressure = 26.1+273.15 K

\(R\) = Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol K

\(P\) = Pressure at given \(T_B\) = 100 torr

\(\Delta H\) = Heat of vaporization

From the Clausius–Clapeyron equation

\(\dfrac{1}{T_B}=\dfrac{1}{T_0}-\dfrac{R\ln(\dfrac{P}{P_0})}{\Delta H}\\\Rightarrow \Delta H=\dfrac{R\ln\dfrac{P}{P_0}}{\dfrac{1}{T_0}-\dfrac{1}{T_B}}\\\Rightarrow \Delta H=\dfrac{8.314\times \ln\left(\frac{100}{760}\right)}{\frac{1}{80.1+273.15}-\frac{1}{26.1+273.15}}\\\Rightarrow \Delta H=33008.99\ \text{J/kg}\)

The heat of vaporization of benzene is 33009 J/kg.

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A = 2.86 x \(10^{23\) molecules of  \(KMnO_4\)

B = 323.76 grams of Al

C = 1.53 moles of Au

D = 7.71 x \(10^{23\) molecules of \(H_3PO_4\)

E = 4.52 x \(10^{23\) total atoms

According to Avogadro, a single mole of any substance contains 6.022 x \(10^{23\) molecules or atoms of the substance.

Also, the mole of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance and the molar mass of the substance. In other words;

mole = mass/molar mass

These theories are what we need to solve the outlined problems.

       Mole of 75 g of \(KMnO_4\):

       mass/molar mass = 75/158

                                     = 0.4747 mol

        Since 1 mole = 6.022 x \(10^{23\) molecules

         0.4747 mole = 0.4747 x 6.022 x \(10^{23\)

                                = 2.86 x \(10^{23\) molecules

       Since 1 mole =  6.022 x \(10^{23\) molecules or atoms

        7.23 x \(10^{24\) atoms = 7.23 x \(10^{24\) / 6.022 x \(10^{23\)

                                     = 12 moles

        Mass of 12 moles Al = 12 x 26.98

                                          =  323.76 grams    

                                    = 1.53 moles

                                   = 1.28 moles

         1.28 moles = 1.28 x 6.022 x \(10^{23\)

                            = 7.71 x \(10^{23\) molecules

                                        = 4.52 x \(10^{23\) atoms

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1) The pH is 2.5

2) The pH is 11.5

3) The initial concentration is\(2.1 * 10^-14\)M

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.

1) The pH of the solution can be gotten from;

K = \(x^2\)/0.65 - x

\(1.754 * 10^-5\)(0.65 - x) =  \(x^2\)

\(1.14 * 10^-5 - 1.754 * 10^-5x = x^2\\x^2 + 1.754 * 10^-5x - 1.14 * 10^-5 = 0\)

x = 0.003 M

pH = -log(0.003)

= 2.5

2) Kb = \(x^2\)/0.35 - x

\(1.8 * 10^-5 (0.35 - x) = x^2\\6.3 * 10^-6 - 1.8 * 10^-5x = x^2\\x^2 + 1.8 * 10^-5x - 6.3 * 10^-6 = 0\)

x = 0.003 M

pOH = -log (0.003)

= 2.5

pH = 14 - 2.5 = 11.5

3) Hydrogen ion concentration = Antilog (-11.5)

= 3.2 * 10^-12 M

\(4.9 * 10^-10 = ( 3.2 * 10^-12)^2/x \\4.9 * 10^-10x = ( 3.2 * 10^-12)^2\\x = ( 3.2 * 10^-12)^2/4.9 * 10^-10\\x = 2.1 * 10^-14 M\)

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The IUPAC name for the given molecule, which has four carbon atoms, one OH group, and two methyl (CH3) groups attached, is:

4-methyl-2-pentanol

What is IUPAC?

It is an international organization that aims to advance the chemical sciences and to contribute to the application of chemistry in the service of humankind.

Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the functional group (OH). In this case, the longest chain has five carbon atoms.

Number the carbon atoms in the chain, starting from the end that is closest to the functional group (OH). In this case, we can number the chain from left to right, so that the OH group is on carbon atom 2.

Identify and name the substituents (groups) attached to the main chain. In this case, there are two methyl (CH3) groups attached to carbon atoms 4 and 5, respectively.

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A faster, warm air mass runs into a slower, cold air mass. The warm air mass slides up over cold air mass, resulting in light rain therefore this is described as a warm front.

This is usually in the form of water droplets and it is derived from the condensation of atmospheric water vapor which then results in it falling under gravity.

In a scenario where a warm air mass runs into a slower, cold air mass and slides over it then it is referred to as a warm front. This results in a light or moderate type of rain which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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Answer:

C10H200

Explanation:

The molecular formula C10H20O (molar mass : 156.27 g/mol) may refer to: Citronellol. Decanal.

The molar mass of menthol (\(\rm C_10H_{20}O\)) is 156.3 g/mol.

To calculate the molar mass of menthol (\(\rm C_10H_{20}O\)), we need to determine the sum of the atomic masses of all the individual atoms in the compound.

The atomic masses of the elements are as follows:

C (carbon) = 12.01 g/mol

H (hydrogen) = 1.01 g/mol

O (oxygen) = 16.00 g/mol

Now, let's calculate the molar mass of menthol:

Molar mass of menthol = (10 * molar mass of C) + (20 * molar mass of H) + (1 * molar mass of O)

                      = (10 * 12.01 g/mol) + (20 * 1.01 g/mol) + (1 * 16.00 g/mol)

                      = 120.1 g/mol + 20.2 g/mol + 16.0 g/mol

                      = 156.3 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of menthol (\(\rm C_10H_{20}O\)) is 156.3 g/mol.

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The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.

Answer:

\(\large \boxed{\text{-10.0 kJ}}\)

Explanation:

1. Calculate the work

w = - pΔV = -4.3 atm × (43 L - 20 L) = -4.3 × 23 L·atm = -98.9 L·atm

2. Convert litre-atmospheres to joules

\(w = \text{-98.9 L\cdot$atm } \times \dfrac{\text{101.3 J}}{\text{1 L$\cdot$atm }} = \text{-10000 J} = \textbf{-10.0 kJ}\\\\\text{The work done is $\large \boxed{\textbf{-10.0 kJ}}$}\)

The negative sign indicates that the work was done against the surroundings.

Answer:

uses chemical

Explanation:

Ratio of moles of NH₃ produced to moles of N₂ used: 2 moles of NH₃ / 1 mole of N₂

Ratio of moles of NH₃ produced to moles of H₂ used: 2 moles of NH₃ / 3 moles of H₂

From the balanced chemical equation:

N₂ + 3 H₂ ⟶ 2 NH₃

We can determine the ratio of moles of products to the moles of each reactant.

Ratio of moles of NH₃ produced to moles of N₂ used:

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of N₂ reacts to produce 2 moles of NH₃. Therefore, the ratio is:

2 moles of NH₃ / 1 mole of N₂

Ratio of moles of NH₃ produced to moles of H₂ used:

From the balanced equation, we can see that 3 moles of H₂ react to produce 2 moles of NH₃. Therefore, the ratio is:

2 moles of NH₃ / 3 moles of H₂

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Given the equation of reaction;

N₂ + 3 H₂ ---> 2 NH₃

Calculate the ratio of the moles of produced to the moles of each of the reactants used. (Write two separate ratios.)

Chemistry is vital in forensic science (used to solve crimes). With chemistry, forensic scientists demonstrate what happened on a molecular level. Chemical analysis can reveal how long ago a person died, what weapon was used, the kind of tape or rope used to tie someone up, etc. They also analyze drugs/controlled substances taken from scenes and people to identify and sometimes quantify these materials.

If a reaction has a negative ΔG and a positive ΔS, the reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures.

If a reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures, it implies that the reaction will occur without the need for any external intervention, such as the addition of energy. For a reaction to be spontaneous, it must satisfy the criteria of thermodynamic favorability, which is determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) associated with the reaction.

The relationship between ΔG, temperature (T), and the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction is described by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔS is the change in entropy.

To ensure spontaneity at all temperatures, two conditions must be met:

ΔG must be negative: A negative ΔG indicates a thermodynamically favorable reaction, meaning the products have a lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants. If ΔG is negative, the reaction will proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.

ΔS must be positive: A positive ΔS signifies an increase in the overall entropy of the system. Higher entropy means more disorder, and spontaneous reactions often involve an increase in randomness. When ΔS is positive, it can compensate for the enthalpic term, ΔH, allowing the reaction to proceed spontaneously.

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Answer:

i'm not entirely sure about the answer to this question.

Explanation:

The ratio of coefficients when the chemical equation Al + HCl ->AlCl₃ + H₂ is  balanced is 2:6:2:3.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

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Answer:6 significant figures

Explanation:

Answer:

5

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is chemical change because both a color change and a solid formation were observed, which provide strong evidence of a new substance.

A physical change is a change in the state of a substance, such as a change from a solid to a liquid or a change from a liquid to a gas. A chemical change is a change in the composition of a substance, such as the formation of a new substance.

When potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed, a yellow precipitate forms. This precipitate is a new substance that was not present before the two substances were mixed. Therefore, the change that occurs when potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed is a chemical change.

The other answers are incorrect.

* Answer 1 is incorrect because the observation of a solid forming is not evidence of a state change. A state change is a change in the physical state of a substance, such as a change from a solid to a liquid or a change from a liquid to a gas. The formation of a precipitate is not a state change, but rather a chemical change.

* Answer 2 is incorrect because the color change of the mixture is evidence of a chemical change. When two substances are mixed and a new substance is formed, the new substance may have a different color than the original substances.

* Answer 3 is incorrect because the statement "two substances were mixed, which always results in the formation of a new substance" is not always true. For example, if you mix two different types of liquids, you may not get a new substance. Instead, you may just get a mixture of the two liquids.

The reaction between potassium iodide and lead nitrate results in a chemical change because a color change and solid formation, indicative of a new substance, are observed.

When potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed, there is a chemical change that takes place. This is because both a color change and a solid formation were observed, which provide strong evidence of a new substance. In this reaction, two new compounds are formed - lead iodide and potassium nitrate - which is a clear indication of a chemical change. This process is not easily reversible, further supporting it being a chemical change.

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Answer:

hyrdrifluoric acid

Explanation:

Answer: Two substances have different properties because they are made of different types and numbers of atoms that repeat.

Explanation: According to the article “Atomic Zoom-In”, all matter is made of tiny pieces called atoms, and there are 118 different types of atoms in the universe. Every substance is made of a unique combination of atoms, which can be represented by a chemical formula. The chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms that repeat to make up a substance.

For example, water has a chemical formula of H2O, which means it is made of groups of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Substances have different properties because they are made of different types and numbers of atoms that repeat.

For example, water and ethanol are both clear liquids, but they have different properties such as boiling point, density, and flammability. This is because water is made of H2O groups, while ethanol is made of C2H6O groups.

The different types and numbers of atoms affect how the molecules interact with each other and with other substances, resulting in different properties. Therefore, to explain why two substances have different properties, we need to look at their chemical formulas and see how their atoms differ.

Hope this helps, and have a great day! =)

Answer:

1. Born Haber cycle is used to calculate enthalpy of formation of an ionic solid

2. Resonance structures are used to represent the bonding in some chemical species.

Explanation:

The Born–Haber cycle is a method popularly known in chemistry used in computing enthalpy. The enthalpy of formation of an ionic solid cannot be measured directly. The lattice enthalpy refers to the enthalpy change involved in the formation of an ionic compound from gaseous ions the process is exothermic process. A Born–Haber cycle works on the principle of Hess's law. It can be used to calculate the lattice enthalpy by comparing the standard enthalpy change of formation of the ionic compound from the elements to the enthalpy required to make gaseous ions from the elements.

Resonance is an idea introduced by Linus Pauling to explain chemical bonding from the valence bond perspective. The idea of resonance affords us the opportunity to describe the bonding in certain molecules by combining several structures called chemical or canonical structures. The real structure of the specie lie somewhere between the structures indicated by the resonance structures. The resonance structures of the nitrate ion are shown in the image attached.

The balanced reaction equation of the reaction is; 2H2O + O2 → 2H2O2

This is a chemical equation that represents the reaction between water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The coefficients in front of each substance indicate the relative number of molecules involved in the reaction.

Recall that we can balance the reaction equation  by ensuring that the atoms of the elements on both sides of the reaction equation are the same as we have above.

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