How does heating cause bread to burn?

A. By making the bread go through a change of state

B. By making the bread go through a physical change

C. By making the liquid substances in the bread crystallize

D. By making substances in the bread go through chemical changes​

Answer:

Option D.

Explanation:

Isomerism is a phenomenon where by two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural patterns. The compounds involved are called isomers.

Option A has two different compound with two different molecular formula. Hence they are not isomers.

Option B has two different compound with two different molecular formula. Hence they are not isomers

Option C can not be called isomers because Isomerism can not occur in compound having just 1 carbon atom.

Option D has two different compound with the same molecular formula as C3H8O and their structure are different. Hence they areisomers.

gas with the smallest amount of molecular weight will effuse the quickest

The balanced chemical reaction :

GIVEN

• Mass of Potassium chlorate KClO3 = 16 g

• Molecular mass KClO3 = 122,55 g/mol

10 moles KClO3 produces 10 moles KCl

therefore ;

0.131 moles of KClO3 will produce 0.13 moles of KCl

{ take note that the ratio if 1:1 , meaning for every 1 mole of KClO3 , 1 mole of KCL willbe produced }

Answer:

The correct option is;

D. Calcium chloride breaks into 3 ions, while sodium chloride only breaks into 2 ions

Explanation:

To help melt the ice on icy streets, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is a more preferred salt type to sodium chloride (NaCl) as when it dissociates into ions in the ice, it forms three ions: a calcium ion, Ca²⁺, and two chloride ions, 2 Cl⁻, while sodium chloride forms two ions: one sodium ion, Na⁺, and one chloride ion, Cl⁻

According to the freezing point depression equation, we have;

ΔT = \(K_f\) × m × i

Where;

ΔT = Change in freezing point temperature

\(K_f\) = The freezing point depression constant

m = The solution's molality

i = van't Hoff factor

The calcium chloride salt will cause the most depression because the van't Hoff factor is 3 for calcium chloride and 2 for sodium chloride.

Answer:

d im pretty sure i got the same answer

Explanation:

The given substance is a mixture.

A mixture in chemistry is a compound made up of two or more simpler components. Compounds or chemical elements can be these items. You can create a mixture of liquids, solids, or gases. For instance, sugar dissolves to produce a solution when it is added to water, forming a mixture first.

A combination that has an uneven makeup is said to be heterogeneous. It is referred to be a heterogeneous mixture when two components are combined but remain distinct from one another. Examples of heterogeneous mixtures: One such mixture is concrete.

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The cell theory states that the new species must be made up of one or more cells.

Hence option (c) is correct.

According to the scientific theory known as "cell theory," which was initially put forward in the middle of the nineteenth century, all living beings are made up of cells, which also serve as the fundamental structural and organizing unit of all organisms.

All species are made up of cells, which are also the fundamental building block of reproduction.

The following three principles underlie the cell theory:

1) One or more cells make up every living thing.

2) The fundamental building block of structure and hierarchy in organisms is the cell.

3) From already existing cells, new cells form.

Hence according to the first principle, option (c) is correct.

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Answer:

a metal and a nonmetal element

Explanation:

This problem is giving information about a nylon polymer whose molar mass is 15,000 amu (atomic mass units).

The first subject of matter here, is to recall the monomeric molecular formula of nylon which is C₁₂H₂₂N₂O₂, and the definition of monomer (basic molecule able to react and form a polymer) and polymer (assembling of monomers).

Next, we calculate the molar mass of the monomer of nylon:

\(12*12.01+22*1.01+2*14.01+2*16.00=226.31amu\)

Finally, the number of units is calculated by dividing the molar mass of the polymer and the monomers:

\(n=\frac{15000}{226.31} =66.2\)

Which is about 66 monomers.

Learn more:

Answer:

66 monomers

Explanation:

The term Gibbs free energy change best fits : A: Gibbs free energy change is a thermodynamic property defined in terms of the change in a system's enthalpy and entropy; it is negative for spontaneous processes.

The term Gibbs free energy change refers to a thermodynamic property that describes the change in free energy in a system during a process. It is defined in terms of the change in a system's enthalpy and entropy and is negative for spontaneous processes.

Option A correctly describes the definition of Gibbs free energy change. It states that it is a thermodynamic property that takes into account the change in enthalpy and entropy of a system. When the Gibbs free energy change is negative, it indicates that the process is spontaneous, meaning it can occur without the need for external energy input.

Option B is incorrect because it refers to the formation of one mole of substance from its elements in their standard states. This is actually the definition of standard free energy change, not Gibbs free energy change. Moreover, the standard free energy change is negative for spontaneous processes, not positive.

Option C is also incorrect because it refers to matter and/or energy dispersal within a system, which is actually described by the concept of entropy, not Gibbs free energy change.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Gibbs free energy change is a thermodynamic property defined in terms of the change in a system's enthalpy and entropy; it is negative for spontaneous processes.

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Answer:

they are seed producing so can populate more areas

A transaminase can be employed to achieve the synthesis of chiral primary amines from keto acids. Option B is correct.

Transaminases, also known as aminotransferases, are enzymes found in the body that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid. There are two types of transaminases that are commonly measured in blood tests: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

ALT is primarily found in the liver, while AST is found in various tissues including the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Elevated levels of these enzymes in the blood can indicate damage or disease in the organ or tissue where they are primarily located.

ALT and AST levels are often measured as part of a liver function test, which may be ordered by a healthcare provider if there are concerns about liver damage or disease. Elevated levels may be seen in conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. However, it is important to note that elevated transaminase levels can also occur in other conditions and may not necessarily indicate liver disease.

Hence, B. is the correct option.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"Which of the following can a transaminase be employed to achieve? A) synthesis of sugars from carbohydrates B) the synthesis of chiral primary amines C) reduction of ketones to chiral alcohols D) hydroxylation of aromatic molecules."--

The percent yield using KBr would be 80.6%, which is different from the percent yield using NaCl (88.5%).

In part 2, step 1 of the experiment, we react [Fe(phen)₃]Cl₂ with NaBr to obtain [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ and NaCl. If we were to use an excess of KBr instead of NaCl, the reaction would proceed as follows:

[Fe(phen)₃]Cl₂ + 2KBr → [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ + 2KCl

In this case, the product we would obtain is still [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂, but the byproduct would be KCl instead of NaCl.

Now, let's consider the theoretical yield and percent yield. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded perfectly, without any loss of material. The percent yield is the actual yield (the amount of product obtained in the experiment) expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield.

Since we are assuming that we isolated the same amount of product in grams as the original experiment, the actual yield would be the same. However, the theoretical yield would be different because the molar mass of KBr is different from that of NaCl. Therefore, the amount of [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ that would be obtained from a given amount of KBr would be different from the amount obtained from the same amount of NaCl.

To calculate the new theoretical yield and percent yield, we need to know the amount of KBr used in the experiment. Let's assume that we used 2.0 grams of KBr.

The molar mass of KBr is 119.0 g/mol, so the moles of KBr used in the experiment would be;

2.0 g KBr / 119.0 g/mol = 0.0168 mol KBr

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1 between [Fe(phen)₃]Cl₂ and NaCl or KBr. Therefore, the moles of [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ that would be obtained from 0.0168 mol of KBr would be;

0.0168 mol [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ / 1 mol KBr = 0.0168 mol [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂

The molar mass of [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ is 740.2 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ would be:

0.0168 mol [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ × 740.2 g/mol = 12.4 g [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂

Therefore, the theoretical yield of [Fe(phen)₃]Br₂ using KBr would be 12.4 grams, which is different from the theoretical yield using NaCl (11.3 grams).

To calculate the new percent yield, we need to divide the actual yield (let's assume it's 10.0 grams) by the new theoretical yield (12.4 grams) and multiply by 100;

Percent yield=(actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100

Percent yield = (10.0 g / 12.4 g) × 100

Percent yield = 80.6%

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Hard water is not typically caused by the concentration of dissolved oslolum (assuming you meant "solutes") but rather by the presence of high concentrations of dissolved minerals, such as calcium and magnesium ions

The net ionic equation for the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is as follows:

Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) → CaCO3 (s)

In this equation, the calcium ions (Ca2+) from the dissolved calcium compounds in hard water react with carbonate ions (CO32-) to form insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate (CaCO3), which appears as a white solid. The precipitation occurs because the solubility product of calcium carbonate is exceeded, resulting in the formation of a solid.

The formation of a precipitate is driven by the principle of solubility. When the concentration of a dissolved compound exceeds its solubility limit, the excess ions come together and form a solid. In the case of hard water, when the concentration of calcium ions and carbonate ions surpasses their respective solubility limits, calcium carbonate precipitate forms.

Regarding the replacement of calcium ions with sodium ions, if calcium ions were replaced with sodium ions in the net ionic equation, the reaction would be different. Sodium ions (Na+) do not form insoluble compounds with carbonate ions, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is soluble in water.

In summary, the formation of calcium carbonate precipitate in hard water is driven by the reaction between calcium ions and carbonate ions, leading to the exceeding of the solubility product and subsequent precipitation. If calcium ions are replaced with sodium ions, no precipitate would form as sodium carbonate remains soluble in water.

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Answer:

305 millimeters

Explanation:

You didn't say weather to add or subtract, I just assumed addition. (if it's not then tell me and I will answer it again)

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Explanation:

They play a very important part. The geometry is not a straight line. It is an angle over 90 which means that the molecule has the same general shape as a boomerang. The two hydrogens and the 2 lone electron pairs try to get away as far as possible from each other. The actual shape results in a tetrahedron shape. But the two hydrogens and 1 oxygen actually look like the aforementioned boomerang.

The formate ion can have one of two resonance structures, which are as follows: The most electronegative element, namely oxygen, is given a negative charge.

Resonance structures don't have isomers. Different atom and electron configurations distinguish isomers. The positioning of the electrons is the only distinction between resonance types.

Resonance structures more accurately depict a Lewis dot structure because they make molecular bonding visible.

In valence bond theory, resonance is a term used to describe how different contributing structures (or forms, also known as resonance structures or canonical structures) combine to generate a hybrid resonance (or hybrid structure) in certain molecules or ions.

Ozone, or O3, has two main resonance structures that each contribute equally to the overall hybrid structure of the molecule. All structures show the 18 valence electrons needed, with 6 in 3 bonds and 12 on the oxygen atoms as lone pairs.

Resonance occurs when the frequency matches the object's resonant frequency, which it reaches. Resonance occurs when the vibrations of one object cause the frequency of its oscillations to increase.

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Glycinate donates an electron pair so it is a bidentate ligand.

The molecular formula is C₂H₄NO₂⁻. The octahedral complex is formed between glycinate molecules and cobalt(III) and the stoichiometry of the complex is [Co(gly)₃]. The reaction is as follows;

Co₃⁺(aq) + 3C₂H₄NO₂⁻ ⇒ [Co(C₂H₄NO₂⁻](aq)

A cobalt complex is formed when 3 glycinate ions equivalents react with one Co₃⁺ ion equivalent so, it is necessary to keep the glycinate ions concentration greater than the cobalt(III) ions at least three times more.

So, taking the concentration 4 times greater can facilitate the reaction.

For a complex whose concentration is 0.015M, 0.06M glycinate ions are required to obtain the desired cobalt(III) glycinate complex.

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The heat capacity of a calorimeter is a measure of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the calorimeter by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 Kelvin). In other words, it is a measure of the thermal inertia of the calorimeter.

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of a reaction or physical change. It typically consists of a container that is insulated to minimize heat loss, and a thermometer to measure the temperature change of the system. The heat capacity of the calorimeter itself is an important factor to consider when using it to measure the heat of a reaction, as it will affect the accuracy of the measurement.

There are two types of heat capacities: Specific heat capacity (Cp) and molar heat capacity (Cm). Specific heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Molar heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

The heat capacity of a calorimeter can be measured experimentally by performing a calibration experiment. In this experiment, a known amount of heat is added to the calorimeter and the resulting temperature change is measured. The heat capacity of the calorimeter can then be calculated by dividing the amount of heat added by the temperature change.

It is important to note that the heat capacity of a calorimeter can vary depending on the specific design and materials used. For example, a calorimeter made of metal will have a different heat capacity than one made of plastic. Additionally, the heat capacity of a calorimeter may change over time due to wear and tear or other factors. Therefore, it is important to regularly calibrate a calorimeter to ensure accurate measurements.

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Alkanes contain the maximum possible amount of hydrogen, they are known as being saturated hydrocarbon.

The easiest category of hydrocarbons would be the alkanes. They exclusively possess hydrogen as well as carbon. So every hydrogen atom produces one link, while each carbon atom generates four.

When all of a hydrocarbon's carbon-carbon bonds possess single bonds, the hydrocarbon was said to have been saturated. A hydrocarbon would be an organic substance with only carbon as well as hydrogen as its components.

Therefore, alkanes contain the maximum possible amount of hydrogen, they are known as being saturated hydrocarbon.

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An example of balanced chemical equation of liquid acetic acid is CH3COOH (l) ⟶ CH3COOH (l)

The balanced chemical equation for the standard formation reaction of liquid acetic acid, CH3COOH, is simply:

Since acetic acid is already in its liquid form, there is no need for any reactants or additional elements to balance the equation. The equation represents the formation of liquid acetic acid from its individual components without any other chemical changes or reactions involved.

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The grams of \(CO_{2}\)  would result from the complete combustion of 4.00 mol butane (\(C_{4}H_{10}\)) is: 1410 g

Given data:

Moles of butane = 4.00 mol

Combustion equation of butane:

\(C_{4}H_{10}(g) + \frac{13}{2} O_{2}(g) = 4CO_{2}(g) + 5H_{2}O(l)\)

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of butane is \(C_{4}H_{10}(g) + \frac{13}{2} O_{2}(g) = 4CO_{2}(g) + 5H_{2}O(l)\)

We can calculate the amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning a known mass of butane, given the stoichiometry of the combustion equation.1 mol of butane gives 4 mol of carbon dioxide.

The molar mass of butane is 58 g/mol. The number of grams of butane used is 4.00 mol x 58 g/mol = 232.0 g

The number of grams of carbon dioxide produced is 4.00 mol x 4 mol \(CO_{2}\)/ 1 mol butane x 44 g/mol \(CO_{2}\) = 704 g \(CO_{2}\)

However, since the question is asking for the mass of \(CO_{2}\) produced from the complete combustion of butane, we need to use the balanced chemical equation to determine the amount of oxygen required.1 mol of butane reacts with 13/2 mol of \(O_{2}\). So, 4.00 mol of butane will react with 13/2 x 4.00 = 26 mol of \(O_{2}\).

The mass of\(O_{2}\) required is 26 mol x 32 g/mol = 832 g. Therefore, the mass of \(CO_{2}\)produced is 4.00 mol x 4 mol \(CO_{2}\)/ 1 mol butane x 44 g/mol \(CO_{2}\) = 704 g

The total mass of products is 704 g + 832 g = 1536 g

However, we need to subtract the mass of water produced, which is 5 mol x 18 g/mol = 90 g.

So, the mass of \(CO_{2}\) produced is 1410 g. Hence, the conclusion is 1410 g.

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Answer:

2.24g/

Explanation:

mass of water is found by getting 5he extra mass the cylinder gained after adding

100g-80g=20g - mass of water

Density of water: 1g/cm³ that means that 20g water has a volume of 20cm³

1cm³=1ml; 20cm³=20ml

volume of stone is the extra height the water gained: 45ml-20ml =

25ml

mass of stone is the extra mass now earned:

156g-100g=56g

Density of stone=mass of stone÷divide by volume of stone

56g÷25ml=

2.24g/ml

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Be certain that the data collected will fully support the hypothesis

Answer: D. Determine whether it is possible to gather the necessary data.

Titration is the process of determining the amount of a substance in a solution by measuring the volume of a solution with a known concentration that is required to react with it. The answer to the given question is option d) 5.25.

In the titration of a weak base with a strong acid, the pH at the half-equivalence point can be calculated as follows: At the half-equivalence point, we have equal moles of the weak base and the strong acid. As a result, we get a solution that contains the weak base, its conjugate acid, and water. In the solution, there is an equilibrium between the weak base and its conjugate acid. This equilibrium has an acid dissociation constant, Ka. It's given by:

Ka = [H+][A–]/[HA]

The pKa is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of Ka:

pKa = -log(Ka)

At the half-equivalence point, [HA] = [A–] and the expression for pKa becomes:

pKa = -log([H+])

Therefore, the pH at the half-equivalence point is:

pH = 1/2 (pKb + pKa)

Given that pKb = 7.95 for the weak base, we can calculate the pKa:

pKw = 14 (at 25°C)

pKw = pKa + pKb

14 = pKa + 7.95

pKa = 6.05

Therefore, the pH at the half-equivalence point is:

pH = 1/2 (7.95 + 6.05)

pH = 1/2 (14)

pH = 7

At the half-equivalence point, the pH of the solution is equal to 7. Therefore, option d) 5.25 is incorrect.

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Answer:

\(2H_2 + O_2 -> 2 H_2 O\)

Around 94.8% of the copper in a coin is copper.

97.5 percent zinc and 2.5 percent copper make up the penny. Copper can be seen in ore in this photograph. The United States Mint began producing copper-plated zinc pennies in 1982, replacing the penny's former primary material of copper. This penny resembles a half dollar in size.

2.925 g Cu / 63.55 g/mol = 0.0460 mol Cu

Since copper has a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with respect to the penny, this means that the original penny contained 0.0460 mol of copper.

Next, we can calculate the total mass of the penny using its density and volume:

density = mass/volume

volume = mass/density = 3.078 g / 8.96 g/cm^3 = 0.343 cm^3

mass of penny = 3.078 g

Finally, we can calculate the percentage of copper in the penny:

mass of copper = 0.0460 mol Cu x 63.55 g/mol = 2.92 g

percentage of copper = (2.92 g / 3.078 g) x 100% = 94.8%

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Answer:

When the Ruler is bent the energy stored in it will be potential energy, When the ruler will be released this potential energy will be then converted into the Kinetic energy as a result the ruler will move Vibrations.

The energy conservation law can be applied here

K1 + U1 = K2 + U2

K1 - initial kinetic energy

U1 - Initial potential energy

K2 - final kinetic energy

U2 - final potential energy

Energy is known commonly as the ability to do work or move a matter. The type of energy that is stored is called potential energy.

if the ruler is released at the bent end, the object or pebbles on it will fly. If you hold two positive charges near each other, they have potential energy because they will move if you release them.

If the object released is fired straight up into the air, it begins with a high kinetic energy. As it rises, it slows down due to the force of gravity pulling it toward the earth.

Due to the release, the object place on the ruler rises, its gravitational potential energy is therefore increasing and its kinetic energy is decreasing.

When the object reaches the top of its arc, it kinetic energy is zero and its potential energy is maximum.

Then gravity still to pull the object down the earth and the object will fall toward the earth and just as it falls down, its speed increases and its height decreases.

So, its kinetic energy will thus increases as it falls and its potential energy decreases.

When the object has returns to its original height, its kinetic energy will be the same as when it started upward.

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The statement that tungsten-halogen lamps operate at very high temperatures (high enough to literally fry eggs) and should not be used in fixtures that have paper- or cellulose-lined sockets is TRUE.

A tungsten halogen lamp is a type of incandescent lamp that contains a small amount of halogen gas such as iodine or bromine inside the bulb, which reacts with the tungsten filament when the bulb is turned on. Tungsten halogen lamps are widely used in stage lighting, film projection, automobile headlights, and other applications that require high-intensity lighting.

They generate a lot of heat when in operation, reaching temperatures high enough to cook an egg. The high operating temperature of tungsten halogen lamps can melt paper or cellulose-lined sockets, posing a potential fire hazard.

Tungsten halogen lamps should not be used in fixtures with paper- or cellulose-lined sockets because the heat generated by the lamp can melt the lining and cause the fixture to catch fire. Instead, fixtures that use tungsten halogen lamps should be designed to withstand the high temperatures they generate.

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