how does having a capsule increase the virulence of a bacteria cell? group of answer choices a capsule gives bacteria antibiotic resistance. bacteria with a capsule cannot be phagocytized by immune cells. the capsule speeds up asexual reproduction of the bacteria. the capsule increases bacteria motility.
Answers
Bacteria with a glycocalyx capsule cannot be phagocytized by immune cells. This increase the virulence of a bacteria cell.
The outermost layer of the cell wall of most bacteria is covered by a structure called the bacterial capsule, which is normally a hydrated polysaccharide complex made of monosaccharides linked together by glyosidic bonds. The capsule prevents the bacterial cell from being ingested and destroyed by phagocytosis. The components of the bacterial surface become slick due to capsules. Making bacteria immune to enhancing their invasiveness, allowing them to attach to surfaces and hide from the immune system by mimicking host tissues. The capsule guards against desiccation and toxic byproducts for the cell.
Hence, bacterial capsule is for unwanted environment condition.
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Related Questions
Unicellular cells must carry out ___ of life.(1 point) A. all functions B. a few functions C. a single function D. specific functions
Answers
Answer:
all functions
Explanation:
To survive, unicellular cells must carry out all functions.
Hope this helps!
Unicellular cells must carry out all functions of life. Thus, the correct option is A.
What are Unicellular cells?Unicellular cells may be defined as those organisms that generally consist of only a single cell. This single cell carries all the essential functions of life which are required in order to survive in nature.
The complexity of the genome in a such single-celled organism is very simple. The mechanism of compartmentalization is not found inside the cell of such organisms. All the functions are carried out by the same cell.
Examples of unicellular organisms are Bacteria, amoeba, Paramecium, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi. They possess a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan, chitin, or other forms of polysaccharides. This protect the inner content of the cell.
Therefore, unicellular cells must carry out all functions of life. Thus, the correct option is A.
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Please please help me
!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
1) process A
Explanation:
2) process B
3) valine
4) mutation
7. The function of a cell is determined by its _____.
a. size
b. environment
c. activities
d. structure
Answers
Answer:
structure
Explanation:
the structure and function characteristics of different types of cells are determined by the nature of the protein present.
Which statement does not describe geographic isolation?
A)Separation by rivers, volcanic activity, or mountain ranges.
B)Members of a species are cut off or separated from the rest of its species.
C)Build up of traits over time.
Answers
Option C, "Build up of traits over time," does not describe geographic isolation. Geographic isolation refers to the physical separation of a population from the rest of its species due to natural barriers like mountains, rivers, or oceans.
As a result, members of the isolated population evolve independently from the rest of the species due to genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation. This can lead to the development of unique that are specific to the isolated population. The buildup of traits over time can occur through other processes such as natural selection or genetic drift but is not specific to geographic isolation. Therefore, option C does not describe geographic isolation.
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d)Two different plants are crossed. One has the genotype tt and the other has the genotype Tt. Fill in the Punnett square below for this cross. Remember, one parent allele goes in each space on the top and side. (1 point)
Answers
The Punnett square for the cross between a plant with the genotype tt and another plant with the genotype Tt shows that the offspring will have a 50% chance of having the genotype Tt and a 50% chance of having the genotype tt.
To fill in the Punnett square for the cross between a plant with the genotype tt and another plant with the genotype Tt, we need to consider the alleles of each parent and their possible combinations.
The genotype tt represents a homozygous recessive individual, where both alleles for the trait are lowercase (t). The genotype Tt represents a heterozygous individual, where one allele is uppercase (T) and the other allele is lowercase (t).
Let's set up the Punnett square:
| T | t |
---------------------
t | Tt | tt |
---------------------
t | Tt | tt |
---------------------
In the top row, we place the alleles from the plant with the genotype Tt: T and t. In the first column, we place the alleles from the plant with the genotype tt: t and t.
Now, we can fill in the spaces within the Punnett square by combining the alleles from the top and side:
- The top-left square receives one T allele from the Tt parent and one t allele from the tt parent, resulting in the genotype Tt.
- The top-right square receives one T allele from the Tt parent and one t allele from the tt parent, resulting in the genotype Tt.
- The bottom-left square receives one t allele from the Tt parent and one t allele from the tt parent, resulting in the genotype tt.
- The bottom-right square receives one t allele from the Tt parent and one t allele from the tt parent, resulting in the genotype tt.
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Biological systems are balanced systems maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for both external and internal changes. This kind of balanced system is in a state of:A) hypoxiaB) homeostasisC) heterostasisD) acclimatizationE) polystasis
Answers
The kind of balanced system described in the statement is: B) homeostasis.
Homeostasis refers to the ability of biological systems to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the external or internal conditions. It involves a dynamic equilibrium where physiological mechanisms work together to regulate various parameters such as temperature, pH, blood glucose levels, and fluid balance within a narrow range.
Homeostasis is achieved through feedback mechanisms that monitor and respond to deviations from the desired set point. Negative feedback loops are commonly involved, where the system detects changes, initiates appropriate responses to counteract those changes, and brings the system back to its optimal state.
Maintaining homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of biological systems, as it allows cells, tissues,and organs to function optimally within their required physiological ranges. It enables organisms to adapt to varying environmental conditions and internal fluctuations while preserving stable internal conditions necessary for normal biological processes.
Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen deficiency in tissues or organs. Heterostasis, acclimatization, and polystasis are not commonly used terms in biology and do not describe the concept of balanced systems in the same way as homeostasis does.
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does blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.?
Answers
Answer:
Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.
Explanation:
The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a muscular wall that prevents blood without oxygen from mixing with blood that has oxygen.
Question 30. Which of these statements does not offer support for the scientific importance of the schuenzel et al study?schuenzel et al submitted. Docx few hypersaline sediment microcommunities have been sampled. Bacteria communities were sampled temporally (over multiple years) and spatially (over multiple locations). Bacteria were identified using the gene 16s rrna. Microbial communities play a major role in the ecosystem including contributing to nutrient cycling
Answers
Biology is the study of living things and how they relate to one another and to other elements of their environment.
This is crucial since, according to Cain et al., the definition of environment is the group of abiotic, or non-living, species that interact with live organisms, you can conclude that biology investigates energy to the extent that it is used by organisms.
According to research on rat learning and brain structure (Greenough et al., 1990; Wallace et al., 1992), early psychological exposure impacts the nervous system's development and determines a person's susceptibility to psychiatric problems later in life.
Learning organizes and reorganizes the brain, and various sections of the brain might be ready to learn at different periods. Learning alters the physical structure of the brain and structural changes affect the functional organization of the brain.
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The
the value of the coefficient of friction, the greater the
resistance to sliding.
Answers
Guys I need help with this
Answers
Answer:
I believe it's B, its been a while since I last studied cells so I might be wrong
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation
Es l segunda de arribaa
in a nutrient addition plant experiment, a scientist adds (1) nitrate to the media and the plant shows significant growth or (2) phosphate to the media and no significant growth is noted. what conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant?
Answers
The conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant is that the nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.
Reason why Nitrogen is the limiting factor- In most natural systems, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the predominant rate-limiting nutrients and the main ingredients of agrochemical fertilizers.
Fertilizers- Material, whether natural or manufactured, that contains the chemical components that help plants grow and produce more. Fertilizers may restore chemical components that previous crops removed from the soil or increase the land's inherent fertility.
Nutrient- The body requires nutrients for energy, building blocks, and the regulation of bodily functions. Based on biochemical characteristics, there are six main categories of nutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.
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Q. In a nutrient addition plant experiment, a scientist adds (1) nitrate to the media and plant shows significant growth or (2) phosphorus to the media no significant effect is noted. What conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant?
a)Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.
b)The plant had an excess of nutrients, limiting its growth.
c)The plant does not require nitrogen.
d)Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.
e)The plant does not require phosphorus.
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Which major event (or events) likely allowed eukaryotes to evolve? (select all that apply)'
Answers
The oxygenation of atmosphere is major event (or events) likely allowed eukaryotes to evolve. The current atmosphere is oxidizing because it has a lot of oxygen in it. The increase in oxygen is credited to cyanobacteria, which are considered to have first emerged some 3.5 billion years ago and are responsible for photosynthesis.
Blue-green algae, often known as cyanobacteria, are the cause. These microbes make carbohydrates and, yes, oxygen through photosynthesis, which involves using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Thus, the oxygenation released by cyanobacteria led to modifications in the composition of the earth's atmosphere, the emergence of aerobic metabolism.
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Question 4
Jaymee Marthez
In eukaryotes, thousands of chemical reactions are able to take place in
separate compartments called...
O organelles
O bacteria
O prokaryotes
O proteins
Answers
Answer:
In eukaryotes, thousands of chemical reactions are able to take place in separate compartments called organelles.
Explanation:
Organelles are specific cellular structures that are the means of compartmentalizing the various functions that occur within cells.
Examples of organelles and their functions are:
- Nucleus: contains DNA and in it occur the replication of this molecule and its transcription into RNA.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum: protein synthesis and conjugation of these molecules occurs.
- Mitochondrion: houses all oxidative phosphorylation reactions and the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis to occur.
The organelles are then the structures that allow the development of the multiple functions that a cell has.
The other options are not correct because:
Bacteria is a prokaryotic organism. Prokaryote refers to simple organisms that lack organelles. Proteins are biomolecules that allow the structure and function of living beings.The Texel sheep is a breed of sheep that has gone through selective breeding for both food and wool production. The wool is of medium thickness without black fibers and commonly used in crafts. The sheep are bred for their large muscle size. The increase in muscle size has led to increased size in offspring.
How has this biotechnology harmed the Texel sheep?
Answers
Answer:
loss of genetic diversity
Explanation:
Artificial selection, also known as selective breeding, refers to the identification by humans of desirable phenotypic features (traits) in plants and animals and the subsequent breeding procedures to enhance and perpetuate these traits in offspring. As a consequence of artificial selection, future generations of selectively bred animals/plants will share favorable gene variants (alleles), thereby genetic diversity will decrease in the population. This reduction in the gene pool will affect genetic progress and consequently also breeding programs in the future.
Starfish are echinoderms, a term that means spiny skin. The rough covering serves as a natural barrier and protects the starfish from predators and the environment. What system includes skin?
Answers
Definition of ADAPTATION:
A. A How energy moves in a food web.
B. A feature or behavior that helps an animal survive in its environment.
C. A neutral trait that has no direct effect on survival in any environment.
Answers
Answer:
B. A feature or behavior that helps an animal survive in its environment.
4. Consider the benefits and problems associated with coastal and open-ocean aquaculture. Is aquaculture a useful practice for the environment?
for the security of food systems? at what cost?
Consider the differences between fish farming and filter feeder (mollusk) farming.
Justify your answer and provide at least two resources to back up your answer (your textbook should be a resource) (10 points; at least 300 words)
Answers
Aquaculture can be a useful practice for the environment and food systems. However, it must be implemented responsibly to minimize negative impacts. Proper waste management, disease control, and careful site selection are essential for sustainable aquaculture.
Aquaculture is the practice of farming aquatic organisms, such as fish and mollusks, in controlled environments. It has both benefits and problems associated with coastal and open-ocean settings. Let's consider the usefulness of aquaculture for the environment and the security of food systems, as well as the costs involved.
1. Benefits of Coastal and Open-Ocean Aquaculture:
- Environmental Sustainability: Aquaculture can reduce overfishing and pressure on wild fish populations, helping to maintain biodiversity in oceans and coastal areas.
- Food Production: It provides a consistent and reliable source of seafood, which helps meet the growing demand for protein-rich food globally.
- Economic Growth: Aquaculture supports job creation and economic development, especially in coastal communities that rely on fishing and related industries.
2. Problems of Coastal and Open-Ocean Aquaculture:
- Environmental Impact: Concentrated fish waste, excess feed, and chemicals used in aquaculture can pollute the water, affecting local ecosystems. This pollution can harm wild fish and other marine organisms.
- Disease and Escapes: High-density fish farming can lead to the spread of diseases among farmed fish, which can then affect wild populations if fish escape from aquaculture facilities.
- Habitat Destruction: Coastal aquaculture, in particular, may require the conversion of natural habitats, such as mangroves or wetlands, into fish farms, resulting in the loss of valuable ecosystems.
Is Aquaculture a Useful Practice?
Aquaculture can be a useful practice for the environment and food systems, but it is important to address the associated challenges. The benefits of aquaculture, such as reduced pressure on wild fish stocks and economic growth, are significant. However, the negative impacts, including pollution and habitat destruction, need to be managed carefully to ensure the sustainability of aquaculture operations.
Differentiating Fish Farming and Filter Feeder (Mollusk) Farming:
Fish farming involves raising fish in tanks, cages, or ponds, while mollusk farming focuses on cultivating filter-feeding shellfish such as oysters and mussels.
Fish farming:
- Requires controlled feeding and management of fish species.
- Can be prone to disease outbreaks due to high stocking densities.
- May use artificial feeds that can contribute to pollution.
- Can have a higher environmental impact due to waste and escaped fish.
Mollusk farming:
- Relies on the natural filtration capabilities of bivalve shellfish to improve water quality.
- Typically has a lower environmental impact as bivalves consume natural plankton and improve water clarity.
- Can enhance local ecosystems by providing habitat for other organisms.
- Generally requires less feed and produces less waste than fish farming.
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Which process occurs when bacteria converts nitrogen gas to a usable form?
Answers
Answer:
Fixation
Explanation:
Nitrogen is converted from atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into usable forms, such as NO2-, in a process known as fixation. The majority of nitrogen is fixed by bacteria, most of which are symbiotic with plants. Recently fixed ammonia is then converted to biologically useful forms by specialized bacteria.
FILL IN THE BLANK To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require _____ allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered ________. The mutation results in a ___ of function.
Answers
To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require both alleles to be mutated and therefore are considered tumor suppressor genes. The mutation results in a loss of function.
What are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that promote cell growth and division. When mutated, they can become oncogenes, which promote uncontrolled cell growth and division and can lead to cancer. Tumor suppressor genes, on the other hand, normally prevent cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. When these genes are mutated, they can no longer suppress cell growth and can also lead to cancer.
What does it mean when a gene has a loss of function mutation?A loss of function mutation is a type of genetic mutation that impairs or eliminates the normal function of a gene. In the case of tumor suppressor genes, a loss of function mutation means that the gene can no longer suppress cell growth and division, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of cancer.
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THE MARTIAN AND THE CAR: Characteristics of Life
During his first mission for the Martian
government, Marvin the Martian was sent to Earth by
the Martian government to find evidence life. While
on Earth, Marvin captured a car and brought it back
to Mars. He thought he'd found a good example of
life on Earth. The Martian government does not
believe that the car Marvin brought back is alive
therefore, he must stand trial for failing to perform his
Martian duties
At the trial, Marvin spoke in his own defense.
"I first life fornis rolling along roads in great
Members. They www going of thick clouds of taste as they
moved. They med to move in hends as many of the
mored in the same direction in groups. They seemed to
have a great deal of some of the medier
than 70 miles per hourl When one of these life fornis stopped or slow down, the others beltind it
reacted. They slourd doon and got of red light from the back and sometimes they truly
make honking noises. I observed that they would often stop to feed on a liquid substance. I
found their birthing facility in a place called Detroit here ne individuals tere born and
carried off to nurseries for adtion
Your task?
You work for a major newspaper, and have been asked by your editor to write
up a pre verdict prediction, Predict what both the prosecution against Marvin) and
defense (for Marvin) will say in their dosing statements about the car's being alive
(Prosecutors will try to show u he song defense would try to show hote hetes kind
of close.
For the prosecution's argument please explain how Marvin's testimony is wrong
that his observations are flawed. Instead, you will give an actual example of this
characteristic of life and use it as evidence against Marvin's testimony. Make a chart
LIKE the one below on your own paper, filling in what each will say about each
characteristic
Characteristic
Defense
Prosecution
Cellular Organization
Chemicals of Life
Energy Use
Growth and development
Reproduction
Response to surroundings
Ok
Answers
Answer:
I know ya'll did not post this i'm laughing anyways... anyone has the answer.
Explanation:
waiting
In the final statement of the defense, they would say that Marvin's observations and explanations of the car's behaviors as signs of life are not valid.
What is MartianThey would say that the car doesn't have a structured organization, like living things do. Moreover, they would highlight that the car's reliance on fuel and chemicals is for the purpose of operating machinery, not for carrying out bodily functions.
The defense might also point out that the car doesn't show any signs of getting bigger, changing over time, or being able to have babies, which shows that it is not alive. they believe that the car's reactions to its environment are based on mechanics, not on living or adapting.
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__ is/are a component of food that your body requires large amounts of to support your survival
Answers
Answer: Macronutrients are a component of food that your body requires large amounts of support your survival.
Explanation: Macronutrients are nutrients that a person requires in large amounts. It provides energy. There are three types of macronutrients:
Carbohydrates: These are the primary source of energy for the body.They are found in bread, fruits and vegetables.Protein: These are essential for growth and repair. It is found in food such as egg, cereals, meat.Fats: These are concentrated source of energy and provides insulation and protection for body organs. These are found in butter, oil and seeds.
Macronutrients are the components of food that the body needs in large quantities to survive, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. They serve vital roles in growth, energy production, and nutrient absorption.
Explanation:The components of food that your body requires large amounts of to support survival are known as macronutrients. These consist primarily of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Proteins are necessary as they help in growth and repair of body tissues. Carbohydrates act as the main source of energy for the body. Fats, on the other hand, provide a concentrated source of energy and aid in nutrient absorption.
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How do you explain the fact that skeletal muscle has an optimal length? Why does contraction initiated at non-optimal lengths produce less forceful contraction?
Answers
The fact that skeletal muscle has an optimal length allows for the greatest actin-myosin overlap and cross-bridge formation, resulting in the most forceful contraction. When contractions are initiated at non-optimal lengths, there is a reduction in force generation due to either limited access to binding sites or insufficient filament overlap.
The fact that skeletal muscle has an optimal length can be explained by the sliding filament theory and the concept of sarcomere overlap. Optimal length refers to the muscle length at which the maximum force can be generated during contraction. This optimal length allows for the greatest amount of actin-myosin overlap, resulting in the highest number of cross-bridges formed and, therefore, the most forceful contraction. Contraction initiated at non-optimal lengths produces less forceful contraction due to either too much or too little overlap between the actin and myosin filaments.
At shorter lengths, actin filaments may overlap each other, causing the myosin heads to have limited access to the actin binding sites, this reduces the number of cross-bridges formed and results in a weaker contraction. Conversely, when the muscle is stretched beyond its optimal length, there is less actin-myosin overlap, leading to fewer cross-bridges and less force generation. In summary, the optimal length of skeletal muscle allows for the greatest actin-myosin overlap and cross-bridge formation, resulting in the most forceful contraction. When contractions are initiated at non-optimal lengths, there is a reduction in force generation due to either limited access to binding sites or insufficient filament overlap.
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Which of the following is not caused by a virus?
Chicken pox
Tuberculosis
Mumps
Measles
Answers
Answer:
Tuberculosis.
Explanation:
it is caused by a bacterium which can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. not everyone infected with TB becomes sick
The deposition of calcium salts in the bones is regulated by
Answers
Answer:
tissue
Explanation:
I thought benzoic acid was obtained from styrax benzoin since gum benzoin is obtained from it. any help here please.
Answers
Answer:
Yes you are right
Explanation:
hope it helps
A farmer ,sangay , plants chilli in the first year .He than plants beans in the same field next year ..
A. why does he do so ..
Answers
Answer/Explanation:
Chilli and Beans are two different groups of crops having different nutrient requirement for them to grow well.
Beans is a leguminous crop that can help fix nitrogen back to the soil after the soil nitrogen content has been depleted by crops that use up nitrogen in the soil.
So, one of the possible reasons why Sangay plants Chilli the first, and beans the next year could be to ensure optimal productivity, as beans would replenish the soil with nitrogen. Also, both crops have different nutrient requirement. Nutrient requirement for both crops vary.
Which of the following should be used to make a precise measurement of liquid volume
Answers
Answer:
one of these, beaker, test tube,or graduated cylinder.
Explanation:
they help measure the amount of liquid in close measures.
Hope this helps!
hemoglobin is an oxygen-transport protein found within red blood cells. each hemoglobin molecule can accept up to four oxygen molecules. the number of oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin is represented as a percent saturation. for example, when one oxygen molecule is bound to hemoglobin, hemoglobin is said to be 25% saturated. similarly, when hemoglobin is bound by four molecules of oxygen, it is said to be 100% saturated. the degree of hemoglobin saturation is dependent on several factors, including temperature, ph, and partial pressure. the relationship between oxygen and hemoglobin is similar to other molecular interactions that you have already learned about. specifically, the association between oxygen and hemoglobin is a cooperative association, wherein the binding of one oxygen molecule to hemoglobin facilitates further oxygen binding. conversely, unloading oxygen from hemoglobin enhances further oxygen unloading. when graphed, this cooperative relationship between oxygen and hemoglobin results in a particular shape to the curve represented by that graph. which of the following statements best defines the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?
Answers
An illustration of the link between the partial pressure of oxygen and the percent saturation of haemoglobin. Each haemoglobin molecule is surrounded by a core heme group, which is composed of iron and binds one oxygen molecule.
In order to create oxyhaemoglobin, each haemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules. Up to four oxygen molecules can be bound and transported by a single molecule of mammalian haemoglobin. Other gases are also transported by haemoglobin. Each haemoglobin molecule can bind up to four oxygen molecules thanks to heme's ability to bind oxygen. The four heme groups found in each haemoglobin molecule are easily able to attach to the molecular oxygen present in the blood.Each haemoglobin molecule contains four iron atoms, and as a result, it has the capacity to bind four oxygen molecules.
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This is the part of the cell that is responsible for digesting things.
A: lysosomes
B: mitochondria
C: ribosomes
Answers
Answer:
A i believe
Explanation:
Helps prevent deficiency diseases.
Answers
Answer:
Aids in the prevention of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Aids in the prevention of tooth decay.
Aids in the prevention of cancer.
Aids in the prevention of scurvy.
Aids in the prevention of heart disease.
Aids in the prevention of high blood pressure.
Aids in the prevention of arthritis.
Aids in the prevention of diabetes.
Aids in the prevention of muscle cramps.
Aids in the prevention of anemia.
Aids in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Aids in the prevention of cataracts.
Aids in the prevention of macular degeneration.
Aids in the prevention of glaucoma.
Aids in the prevention of §60.6 billion in health care costs.
What else can I do to make sure I am getting enough vitamin C?
The amount of vitamin C in foods can vary depending on how the food is grown and how it is handled.
Choose foods that are fresh or frozen.
Choose foods that are in-season.
Explanation: