How do the freezing point and boiling point of a solution compare with those of its pure solvent?The freezing point of the solution is _________a) higher b) lower and the boiling point is ________a) higherb) lowerthan that of its pure solvent.

Answer:

During the eclipse season, the Moon is at a low ecliptic latitude (less than around 1.5° north or south), hence the Sun, Moon, and Earth become aligned straight enough (in syzygy) for an eclipse to occur.

Explanation:

Answer:

Molar mass of O is = 16

Molar mass of O2 = 32

Explanation:

Find out number of molecules first. To find out number of molecules, first we need to know the number of moles present. The number of moles can be obtained by dividing the weight by molecular mass. The Molecular mass of water is 18. Now, by multiplying the moles with the Avogadro number we can find out the number of molecules. Avogadro number is 6×(10 to the power 23). Hence the final result is 3.7/18 ×6 × ( 10 to the power 23).

Hope this helps, if not I'm very sorry.

Answer:

A atomic orbital is a mathematical function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.

Explanation:

Have a great day :)

The magnetic quantum number (ml) represents the orientation of the orbital in three-dimensional space the only possible value of the magnetic quantum number ml for a 1s electron is 0.

Quantum is the smallest possible unit of a physical quantity, such as energy or momentum. It is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, which is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.

The idea of quantization was first proposed by Max Planck in 1900, when he discovered that energy is emitted and absorbed in discrete units called "quanta" when studying the behavior of light and blackbody radiation. Later, this idea was extended to other physical quantities, such as the momentum and position of particles.

According to quantum mechanics, the behavior of particles and systems cannot be fully described using classical mechanics, which assumes that particles have definite positions and velocities at all times. Instead, the behavior of particles and systems is described using wave functions, which represent the probability of finding a particle at a given position and time.

The principles of quantum mechanics have important applications in many areas of physics, including atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, and particle physics. They are also the basis.

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Answer:

Lower the pH slightly

Explanation:

The mixture of HF, hydrofluoric acid and KF, potassium fluoride produce a buffer that is defined for the equilibrium:

HF(aq) → H⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq)

The buffer can maintain the pH of a solution despite the addition of strong bases or acids.

The reaction of HF with Ca(OH)2 is:

2HF + Ca(OH)2 → 2H2O + CaF2

That means the calcium hydroxide is decreasing the concentration of HF. Based on the equilibrium, the H+ and F- ions will decrease in order to produce more HF. As H+ is decreasing due the equilibrium and not for the addition of a strong base, the pH is decreasing slightly.

Answer:

Photosynthesis

Explanation:

The process of photosynthesis converts sunlight and water into glucose which has a by-product of oxygen. The plant then consumes the glucose using cellar respiration and converts the glucose with oxygen into energy and carbon dioxide. Plants release both oxygen and carbon dioxide, but they use photosynthesis way more often so they release more oxygen and consume more carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

Plants release oxygen into the air through a cool process called photosynthesis. They use sunlight, chlorophyll (a green pigment), and water to turn carbon dioxide into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. It's like a plant superpower! The oxygen they make gets released into the environment through tiny openings called stomata on their leaves. So, plants not only make food for themselves, but also give us the fresh oxygen we need to breathe.

Answer:

  -172.6 °C

Explanation:

You want to know the Celsius equivalent of the temperature 100.6 K.

The relation is ...

  C = K - 273.15

  C = 100.6 -273.15 = -172.55

The temperature is -172.55 °C, about -172.6 °C.

__

Additional comment

We have rounded to tenths, because that is precision of the temperature given. If you use 273 as the conversion constant, you will get -172.4.

The mass of FeSO4*7H2O in the sample is 1.21 grams.

Calculate moles of Fe2O3

moles of Fe2O3 = mass of Fe2O3 / Molar mass of Fe2O3

moles of Fe2O3 = 0.348 grams / 159.69 g/mole = 0.00218 moles

Calculate moles of Fe

4 Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3

For 4 moles of Fe consumed there is 2 moles of Fe2O3 produced

This means it has a ratio 2:1

So 0.00218 moles of Fe2O3 produced , there is 2*0.00218 = 0.00436 moles of Fe consumed

Calculate moles of FeSO4*7H2O

Fe + H2SO4 + 7H2O → FeSO4*7H20 + H2

For 1 mole of Fe consumed there is 1 mole of FeSO4*7H2O produced

This means for 0.00436 moles there is 0.00436 moles of Fe2SO4*H2O produced

Calculate the mass of FeSO4*7H2O in the sample

mass of FeSO4*7H2O = 0.00436 moles * 278.01 g/mole = 1.212 g

The mass of FeSO4*7H2O in the sample is 1.21 grams.

Complete question: A powder contains FeSO4⋅7H2O (molar mass=278.01 g/mol), among other components. A 3.930 g sample of the powder was dissolved in HNO3 and heated to convert all iron to Fe3+. The addition of NH3 precipitated Fe2O3⋅xH2O, which was subsequently ignited to produce 0.348 g Fe2O3. What was the mass of FeSO4⋅7H2O in the 3.930 g sample?

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Answer:

i cant see the whats in the picture

Answer:

\(\large \boxed{\text{0.57 g/mL; 3.7 mL; 6.6 g; 0.366 g/mL}}\)

Explanation:

1. Density from mass and volume

\(\text{Density} = \dfrac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}\\\\\rho = \dfrac{m}{V}\\\\\rho = \dfrac{\text{8.6 g}}{\text{15 mL}} = \text{0.57 g/mL}\\\text{The density is $\large \boxed{\textbf{0.57 g/mL}}$}\)

2. Volume from density and mass

\(V = \text{9.7 g}\times\dfrac{\text{1 mL}}{\text{2.6 g}} = \text{3.7 mL}\\\\\text{The volume is $\large \boxed{\textbf{3.7 mL}}$}\)

3. Mass from density and volume

\(\text{Mass} = \text{4.1 cm}^{3} \times \dfrac{\text{1.6 g}}{\text{1 cm}^{3}} = \textbf{6.6 g}\\\\\text{The mass is $\large \boxed{\textbf{6.6 g}}$}\)

4. Density by displacement

Volume of water + object = 24.6 mL

Volume of water                = 12.8 mL

Volume of object               = 11.8 mL

\(\rho = \dfrac{\text{4.3 g}}{\text{11.8 mL}} = \text{0.36 g/mL}\\\text{The density is $\large \boxed{\textbf{0.36 g/mL}}$}\)

Your drawing showing water displacement using a graduated cylinder should resemble the figure below.

Answer:

A logic bomb and a time bomb are both types of malicious software or code that are designed to cause harm to a computer system or network. Here's a brief explanation of each:

Logic Bomb:

A logic bomb is a piece of code or software that is intentionally inserted into a system to execute a malicious action when specific conditions are met. It remains dormant until triggered by a predefined event or circumstance, such as a specific date, time, or user action. Once triggered, the logic bomb may perform various harmful actions, such as deleting files, corrupting data, or disrupting system functionality. The purpose of a logic bomb is often to cause damage or to gain unauthorized access to a system.

Time Bomb:

A time bomb is similar to a logic bomb, but it is specifically designed to activate or execute its malicious payload at a certain date or time. It is usually programmed to remain undetected until the predetermined time arrives. The time bomb can be set to trigger after a specific time period or on a particular date, at which point it may carry out destructive actions. Time bombs can be used by attackers to target specific events or to coordinate an attack to occur simultaneously across multiple systems.

Both logic bombs and time bombs are considered forms of malicious code or malware and are used with malicious intent to disrupt, damage, or compromise computer systems or networks. They can be extremely harmful, and it is important to have strong security measures, such as antivirus software and regular system updates, to protect against such threats.

Explanation:

Solar panels are mainly to obtain the sun's energy in the form of radiation to generate electrical energy. To capture the sun's energy, photovoltaic cells are used that work almost like a battery. The received sunlight separates the electrons so that they form a layer of positive charge and another negative charge in the solar cell. This potential difference generates an electrical current. These panels are in turn connected to a battery that stores the electricity generated and it is this charge that is used. These panels are in turn connected to a battery that stores the electricity generated and it is this charge that is used.

Answer:

A tin atom and 2 molecules containing two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Explanation:

Equation of reaction:

SnO2 + 2H2 ---> Sn + 2H2O

According to Dalton's postulates:

1. All elements are made up of small indivisible particles called atoms

2. The atom cannot be created nor destroyed

3. The atoms of the same element are alike in every aspect and differ from atoms of all other elements

4. During a chemical reaction there is a combination of atoms in small whole numbers.

From the given options, the one that satisfies the postulates of Dalton is:

"A tin atom and 2 molecules containing two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom"

This is because it gives a balanced chemical equation for the number of atoms reacting for each element is equal to the number of atoms of each element produced. This is in accordance with the postulate that atoms are neither created nor destroyed.

The three other postulates are also obeyed. The small whole number ratio for the reactants and products in the chemical reaction is 1 : 2 : 2.

Answer:

Static Friction

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is Static Friction

Explanation:

The formulas for the given compounds are:

A chemical formula is a representation of the chemical composition of a substance using symbols for the elements and numerical subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule or an ionic compound. It is a shorthand way of describing the identity and ratio of the elements in a substance.

The formula for a compound indicates the type and number of atoms in the simplest unit of the substance.

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The denstiy of the gold bar of mass 3300 g is 18.3 g/cm³.

Density is the ratio of mass and volume.

To calculate the density of the bar gold, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Susbtitute these values into equation 1

The bar is not a pure gold.

Hence, the denstiy is 18.3 g/cm³.

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Cuso4 + NaoH -》cu(oH)2 +Na2So4

Cuso4 + 2NaoH -》cu(oH)2 +Na2So4

Explanation:

this is balanced equation

Answer:

pH = 2.10

Explanation:

We name an acid as diprotic because it can release two protons:

H₂A  +  H₂O  ⇄  H₃O⁺   + HA⁻     Ka₁

HA⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  H₃O⁺   + A⁻²      Ka₂

We propose the mass balance:

Analytical concentration = [H₂A] +  [HA⁻]  + [A⁻²]

As Ka₂ is so small, we avoid the [A⁻²] so:

0.18 M = [H₂A] +  [HA⁻]

But we can not avoid the HA⁻, because the Ka₁. Ka₁'s expression is:

Ka₁ = [H₃O⁺] . [HA⁻] / [H₂A]

We propose the charge balance:

[H₃O⁺] = [HA⁻] + [A⁻²] + [OH⁻]

As we did not consider the A⁻², we can miss the term and if

Kw = H⁺ . OH⁻

We replace Kw/H⁺ = OH⁻. So the new equation is:

[H₃O⁺] = [HA⁻] + Kw / [H₃O⁺]

The acid is so concentrated, so we can avoid the term with the Kw, so:

[H₃O⁺] = [HA⁻]

In the mass balance we would have:

0.18 M = [H₂A]

We replace at Ka₁

Ka₁ = [H₃O⁺] . [HA⁻] / [H₂A]

Ka1 . 0.18 / [H₃O⁺] = [HA⁻]

We replace at the charge balance:

[H₃O⁺] = Ka1 . 0.18 / [H₃O⁺]

[H₃O⁺]² = 3.4×10⁻⁴  . 0.18

[H₃O⁺] = √(3.4×10⁻⁴  . 0.18)

[H₃O⁺] = 7.82×10⁻³

- log [H₃O⁺] = pH → - log 7.82×10⁻³

pH = 2.10

Following are the calculation to the pH:

For First ionization:

\([H^+] = (K_{a1} \times C)^{\frac{1}{2}}\)

where

C = initial concentration of acid \(= 0.18\ M\)

\([H^{+}] = (3.4 \times 10^{-4} \times 0.18 \ M)^{\frac{1}{2}}\\\)

\([H^{+}] = 0.007\ M\)

For Second ionization:

\([H^{+}] = K_{a2} \\\\\)

\([ H^{+} ] = 6.7 \times 10^{-9}\ M \\\)

\(Total [H^{+}] = 0.007\ M + 6.7 \times 10^{-9}\ M\\\\Total [H^{+}] = 0.007 \ M\)

\(pH = -\log[H^+] \\\\pH = -\log(0.007 \ M)\\\\pH = 2.15\)

Therefore, the pH is "2.15".

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The given reaction is a double displacement reaction where, Cl and NO₃ group displaces between and sodium and silver atoms. The complete reaction is written as follows:

\(\rm NaCl (aq) + AgNO_{3} (aq) \rightarrow AgCl (s) + NaNO_{3} (aq)\).

There are various kinds of reactions classified based on the way of regrouping of atoms in the reactants.  In a double displacement reaction, two species from the reactant side are displaced of each other.

The reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate gives sodium nitrate in aqueous form and the precipitate of silver chloride. Here the groups nitrate and chlorine displaces between sodium and silver. Hence it is a double displacement reaction.

The net reaction represents the formation of the silver chloride precipitate.

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Answer:

I think 4 I'm not completely sure

Explanation:

I hope it's right

The pressure of the environment affects the liquid's boiling point. The boiling point of the liquid is higher when it is under high pressure than when it is under normal atmospheric pressure. For a given pressure, various liquids have different boiling points.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapour pressure equals the surrounding atmosphere is known as the boiling point of the liquid. This temperature causes the liquid to become a vapour.

The temperature of the liquid, the pressure of the atmosphere, and the pressure of the vapour all affect its boiling point.

We know that change in temperature of a system is given by the following formula:

Initial boiling point (T₁) = 80.1 °C

ΔT = T₂ - T₁

2.25 = T₂ - 80.1

T₂ = 82.35  °C

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Answer:

82.35

Explanation:

acellus

Answer: Molarity of the unknown calcium hydroxide solution is 0.217 M.

Explanation:

Given: \(V_{1}\) = 50.00 mL,     \(M_{1}\) = ?

\(V_{2}\) = 43.43 mL,         \(M_{2}\) = 0.250 M

Formula used is as follows.

\(M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}\)

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

\(M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}\\M_{1} \times 50.00 mL = 0.250 M \times 43.43 mL\\M_{1} = \frac{0.250 M \times 43.43 mL}{50.00 mL}\\= 0.217 M\)

Thus, we can conclude that molarity of the unknown calcium hydroxide solution is 0.217 M.

Answer:

high tides are a little higher and low tides are a little lower than average

Explanation:

A spring tide is the highest tide (when the greatest difference between the high and low tides). This happens during the new and full moon.

Answer: It's worth noting that low tides can sometimes be lower than usual, which is referred to as spring tides. Despite its name, this phenomenon isn't related to spring and has a different historical origin.

A buffer is a solution that resists large changes to its pH upon the addition of small quantities of strong acids or bases, neutralising these additions and thus maintaining its pH relatively stable. This property makes them useful for calibrating pH metres and also a number of processes in the natural environment, for example, maintaining blood pH in the body.

To effectively maintain a pH range, a buffer must consist of a weak conjugate acid-base pair, meaning either a. a weak acid and its conjugate base, or b. a weak base and its conjugate acid. For example, an acetic acid/acetate buffer:

\(\rm CH_3COOH_{\,(aq)}+H_2O_{\,(aq)} \rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^-_{\,\,(aq)}+H_3O_{\,(aq)}\)

A buffer is able to resist pH change because the two components (conjugate acid and conjugate base) are both present in equimolar concentrations at equilibrium and are thus able to neutralize small additions (in the form of H3O⁺ and OH⁻) when they are added to the solution.

From a Le Chatelier's Principle perspective:

upon addition of an acid, the basic component of the buffer will react with the acid, and equilibrium will shift to the left, reducing hydronium ion concentration, and thus minimising pH change.

Upon addition of a base, the acidic component of the buffer will react with the base, and equilibrium will shift to the right, increasing hydronium concentration, and thus minimising pH change.

The maintenance of blood pH levels, is regulated primarily by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer:

\(\boxed{\rm H_2CO_{3\,(aq)}+H_2O_{\,(l)} \leftrightharpoons HCO_3^{\,\,-}_{(aq)}+H_3O^+_{\,\,\,(aq)}}\)

When blood pH drops into the acidic range, this buffer shifts to the carbonic acid side producing more carbonic acid. This causes the equilibrium to shift to the carbon dioxide side in this secondary buffer (below), and expel the gas through the lungs, thus maintaining pH:

\(\boxed{\rm CO_{2\,(g)}+H_2O_{\,(aq)}\leftrightharpoons H_2CO_{3\,(aq)}}\)

Under alkaline conditions, bicarbonate ions are removed from the blood by the kidneys and excreted out via urine. The buffer thus brings the pH back to within the desired range by shifting to the bicarbonate side.

Another tertiary buffering system involved in keeping the blood pH level steady, is the haemoglobin/oxyhaemoglobin buffer:

\(\boxed{\rm HHb^+_{\,\,\,\,(aq)}+H_2O_{\,(l)}+O_{2\,(aq)}\leftrightharpoons HbO_{2\,(aq)}+H_3O^+_{\,\,\,\,(aq)}}\)

A rise in oxyhaemoglobin levels due to oxygen absorption by the haemoglobin in the blood is associated with an increase in acidity as the haemoglobin equilibrium shifts to the right. At this point, the primary buffers, as shown above previously, becomes involved to reduce acidity while oxygen is delivered to the cells.

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If ΔH is positive and entropy decreases, the reaction will be non-spontaneous, which means that it requires energy to proceed. The correct answer is D. Endothermic reaction.

What is an endothermic reaction?

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Answer:

D

Explanation: