Answers
The supreme court’s ruling in the Trans-Missouri freight association case strengthen the federal government’s power it upheld the Sherman Antitrust Act's authority over railroads.
The United States Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association, 166 U.S. 290 (1897), that the Sherman Act, an antitrust law that forbade anticompetitive behaviour in commerce, applied to the railroad sector even though the U.S. Congress had passed a comprehensive set of regulations for that sector.
The Trans-Missouri Freight Association (TMFA), a collection of 18 railroad firms operating west of the Mississippi River, was founded as the defendant to regulate freight schedules and pricing for members. Because these railroad businesses followed the TMFA's defined prices and schedules, the 18 members were able to agree on a standard price for train services.
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Related Questions
Why might a convenience store in a crowded city be more likely to experience robbery than one that is the only store in a rural county?
Answers
Answer:
The answer is c. The more people in the neighborhood, the less likely a perpetrator will be identified.
Explanation:
A cadet squad member with a question should go see the commandant right away. *
True or False
Answers
Answer: True
I am very happy to help you.
Explanation:
how often do the democratic and republican parties in texas hold state conventions?
Answers
The Democratic and Republican parties in Texas hold state conventions once every two years, during even-numbered years. These conventions serve as an opportunity for party members to come together, discuss their platforms and priorities, and select party leadership.
The timing of these conventions is generally set by the respective state party organizations, but they are typically held in the early summer months. In 2020, for example, the Texas Democratic Party held its state convention virtually from June 1-6, while the Texas Republican Party held its convention in person from July 16-18. At these conventions, party members from across the state gather to participate in a variety of activities, including speeches from party leaders, debates over party platforms and priorities, and the election of party officials. The conventions also serve as an opportunity for party members to network and build relationships with other members from across the state. Overall, the state conventions are an important part of the democratic process in Texas, providing an opportunity for party members to come together, share ideas, and shape the future of their respective parties. Both the Democratic and Republican parties in Texas hold state conventions every two years, typically during even-numbered years. These conventions allow party members to discuss party platforms, select delegates for national conventions, and conduct other party-related business.
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FILL THE BLANK.
federal ____________ of state law occurs when there is a literal conflict between state and federal regulations, so that it is impossible to follow both simultaneously.
Answers
Federal preemption of state law occurs when there is a literal conflict between state and federal regulations, so that it is impossible to follow both simultaneously.
Federal preemption is a legal concept that is used to address disputes between state and federal laws. It arises when state and federal laws overlap, but the federal law supersedes the state law, resulting in the invalidation of the state law.In such a scenario, federal law has more weight than state law, and it controls over the conflicting state law.
When a court determines that federal law preempts a state law, it means that the state law has been preempted, and it is no longer in effect. This means that anyone subject to the state law is no longer required to follow it; instead, they must follow the federal law. This principle is based on the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution, which provides that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land, and that state laws are subordinate to them.
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Name the ways in which a court order can compel specific performance as a remedy for breach of contract?
Answers
Answer:
Specific performance is a type of equitable remedy available in a breach of contract action. It is a remedy based on the concept of fairness. Specific performance recognizes that money may not adequately compensate the non-breaching party in certain situations.
Explanation:
What is toxicology?
Toxicology is the study of the negative effects of
blank on living thing
Answers
Answer:
foreign fluids
Explanation:
coroners run a toxicology report when someone passes away to find any kind of drugs, alcohol or poisons in someone's system
Toxicology is the study of foreign fluids and not the study of the negative effects of blank on living things.
What is Toxicology?Toxicology is that branch of science that also helps in the understanding of the same. The most important thing is that Toxicology is that it talks about the harmful effects of the chemicals that are prevalent in society from time immemorial.
Toxicology thus talks about the various means and also the understandings based on the amount of poison that particular thing has got within itself. the other most important thing is that it has also talked about the understanding of the amount of harmfulness of the substance, particularly on some other substances.
Toxicology is thus defined by the amount of toxic or poison that is being generated.
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14-year-old T was riding a motorbike without a helmet, was stopped by the traffic police and issued a penalty decision, thinking that T was not old enough to use a motorbike (according to regulations, people aged 16 years old can machine ) should not be administratively sanctioned. Is that opinion right or wrong. How does the law stipulate the age for handling administrative violations for minors who violate the law on social security, order and safety but are not criminals?
Answers
Answer:
The Opinion Is Totally Wrong.
Explanation:
A person who is at least 14 years of age may apply for a restricted
license to operate a motor-driven cycle only. Under Alabama law, a
moped is considered a motor-driven cycle. The parent of guardian of
any child shall not authorize or knowingly permit the child to violate
any provision of the code regulating the operation of motorcycles or
motor-driven cycles.
Once a 14-year-old is licensed to operate a motor-driven cycle, the
license is valid for a four-year period for that class vehicle. The “Class
M” must appear on the license in order to operate the cycle. Restriction
“B” (motor-driven cycle - 5 horsepower or smaller - for ages 14 and 15
only) will then apply. At age 16, the applicant may return to the driver
license examining office and transfer to a motorcycle class license
without the size restrictions.
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I hope it may help You!
This law requires that employers allow terminated employees to stay on a group health plan at the expense of the employee for up to 18 months after leaving the company.
Answers
The law is consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act.
The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 is a law that, among other things, requires an insurance program that enables some employees to maintain health insurance coverage after leaving employment. It was passed by the U.S. Congress on a reconciliation basis and was signed by President Ronald Reagan.Employees and their families who lose their health benefits have the option to continue receiving group health benefits from their group health plan for a finite amount of time under specified conditions thanks to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).The measure boosted the corporate income tax rate, the top federal income tax rate, gasoline taxes, and a number of other levies from 31% to 39.6%. Spending reductions totaling $255 billion over five years were also included in the package.Thus the answer is consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act.
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Assume a loan balance of 174000 a monthly payment of 1395
Answers
Answer:
What do you want me to do?
If you face a violation of your equal rights as a woman in the United States, your lawyer might draw on which of the following to support
your case?
a. Equal Rights Amendment
b. 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause)
c. Equal Rights Amendment
d. The 19th Amendment
Answers
If your equal rights as a woman in the United States are violated, then your lawyer would be able to draw upon the b. 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause).
What is the Equal Protection Clause ?The United States Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment's first section contains the Equal Protection Clause.
The well-known slogan "Equal Justice Under Law" is based on the Equal Protection Clause, which has been the subject of much dispute. The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which assisted in ending racial segregation, was founded on this clause. In addition, the provision served as the foundation for Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex unions and many other rulings that rejected prejudice and intolerance toward members of different groups.
The 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause contains the moral principle that no one should be treated unfairly by the law unless there is a good justification for it.
Therefore, a lawyer representing a woman who has had her equal rights violated, can get support from the Equal Protection Clause.
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1. Discuss the jurisdictions of upper courts in Malaysia (30 marks) "
Answers
In Malaysia, the judicial hierarchy consists of three levels of courts, each with its own specific jurisdiction. These levels are the subordinate courts, the High Courts, and the superior courts, also known as the upper courts. The upper courts in Malaysia have the following jurisdictions: Federal Court: As the highest court, its jurisdiction includes the interpretation of the Federal Constitution and the power to declare a law unconstitutional under Article 4 of the Federal Constitution. It handles appeals from civil and criminal courts, excluding appeals from the Syariah Court and native courts.
The Federal Court also hears appeals on cases with a public element that affect the rights of the general public. Additionally, it can hear appeals from the Court of Appeal if a substantial question of law is involved. The Federal Court may also handle other matters assigned to it by Parliament.
Court of Appeal: This court's jurisdiction involves hearing appeals from the High Courts in civil and criminal cases. It also handles appeals on cases that have a public element and impact the rights of the general public.
Appeals from the Subordinate Courts are heard by the Court of Appeal when the subject matter or value of the claim exceeds RM350,000.
Furthermore, it deals with appeals from the Native Courts when the subject matter or value of the claim exceeds RM350,000.
High Court: The jurisdiction of the High Court encompasses civil actions and suits in various areas of law, including admiralty and maritime law, land law, trusts, and commercial law.
It deals with criminal cases involving the most serious offenses and those beyond the jurisdiction of subordinate courts. The High Court also handles appeals from subordinate courts when the claim is over RM100,000 and certain criminal cases, such as drug trafficking.
These jurisdictions ensure that cases are appropriately distributed among the upper courts in Malaysia based on their nature, complexity, and significance.
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Create a pamphlet explaining the guidelines you would suggest for federal financing of presidential campaigns.
Explain how presidential campaigns are publicly funded
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of federal financing.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Presidential campaigns are publicly funded because candidates raise funds from the public for their campaigns. There are limits on how much each individual can contribute but there are also ways to get around those limits; such as contributions by Political Action Committees (PACs).
Federal financing will allow candidates to compete on equal financial backing. It also avoids PACs' influences on candidates. The disadvantages include the federal government has to provide the financing with money that can be used elsewhere. It also gives the same financial backing to candidates with little chance to win.
Presidential campaigns are publicly funded because candidates raise funds from the public for their campaigns.
How presidential campaigns are funded and what are the pros and cons of federal financing?Presidential campaigns are funded to raise funds from the public for their campaigns. There are limits on how much each individual can contribute but there are also ways to get around those limits; such as contributions by Political Action Committees (PACS). A publicly-funded election is an election funded with money collected through income tax donations or taxes as opposed to private or corporate-funded campaigns. It is a policy initially instituted after Nixon for candidates to opt into publicly funded presidential campaigns via optional donations from tax returns.
The pros of federal financing are it will allow candidates to compete on equal financial backing. It also avoids PACs' influences on candidates. The cons or disadvantages include the federal government has to provide the financing with money that can be used elsewhere.
It also gives the same financial backing to candidates with little chance to win.
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According to Chapter 9 of americas courts and the criminal justice system, what inroads has the victims’ rights movement made regarding changes in the criminal justice system and process? Victim assistance and victim compensation programs are well established in many jurisdictions, but are they enough to compensate victims for their losses?
Answers
According to Chapter 9 of "America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System," the victims' rights movement has made significant inroads in terms of changes in the criminal justice system and process. One of the key changes brought about by the victims' rights movement is the recognition of the rights of crime victims, including the right to be informed about their case, the right to be heard in court, and the right to receive protection from further harm.
Victim assistance and victim compensation programs have been established in many jurisdictions to help compensate victims for their losses. These programs provide financial and other support to crime victims to help them recover from the emotional and financial toll of crime. However, these programs are not always enough to fully compensate victims for their losses.
In some cases, victims may still face significant financial losses, including lost wages, medical expenses, and property damage. Furthermore, the emotional toll of crime can be long-lasting and difficult to quantify, making it difficult to compensate victims for their losses.
Despite these challenges, the victims' rights movement has made important progress in recognizing the rights and needs of crime victims and in providing support and compensation to help them recover from the impact of crime. However, much work remains to be done to ensure that all crime victims are adequately compensated for their losses and that the criminal justice system is fully responsive to the needs of victims.
Why do you think women’s human right is important?
Answers
Answer:
Protecting women's rights makes the world a better place
According to the UN, “gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls is not just a goal in itself, but a key to sustainable development, economic growth, and peace and security”.
Does this help?
What law taxed all legal documents, permits, contracts, newspapers, and playing cards?.
Answers
The stamp act was the law taxed all legal documents, permits, contracts, newspapers, and playing cards.
About the stamp act
Any law that mandates the payment of a tax on the transferring of specific papers is referred to as a stamp act. All who pay the taxes get their papers legally stamped, which makes them official documents. Stamp acts have historically applied to a wide range of things, including playing cards, dice, prescription medications, checks, mortgages, contracts, marriage licences, and newspapers. After paying the duty, the objects are frequently physically stamped at authorised government offices, however more practical and usual procedures involve paying a fixed amount annually or purchasing adhesive stamps.
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in minnesota v. dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?
Answers
In Minnesota v. Dickerson, the defendant was not convicted because the evidence against him was obtained through an unconstitutional search and seizure. The police officer who stopped the defendant suspected he was involved in drug activity and conducted a pat-down search without a warrant.
During the search, the officer felt a lump in the defendant's pocket, which he believed was drugs, and removed it without a warrant. The lump was later found to be cocaine. However, the Supreme Court ruled that the search was not justified under the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. The officer did not have probable cause to believe the defendant was carrying drugs and the pat-down search exceeded the scope of a permissible "frisk" for weapons. Therefore, the evidence obtained through the unconstitutional search was excluded from trial, and the defendant was not convicted.
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Directions: Read about Affirmative Defenses and the scenario below then answer the
following questions.
Dr. Gandhi is employed at Seward Hospital, where he is in charge of the Staff
Committee Fund and writes checks on the hospital account for items related to the
administration of the Hospital. Dr. Gandhi is also the head of a group of people who are
purchasing property and building a rehabilitation center on it. Dr. Gandhi also writes
checks for this association. One day, while writing checks for Seward Hospital, Dr.
Gandhi wrote a check for his association using a hospital check. This was discovered
by hospital staff and it was reported to the authorities. It is alleged that he deposited the
Hospital money into his account and he is charged with embezzlement of over 100,000
dollars. Dr. Gandhi has at least 2 million dollars in his personal account.Dr. Gandhi has
hired an attorney. What is his best defense? Explain
Answers
Dr. Gandhi's best defense is the defense of mistake. He can argue that he did not intend to embezzle the money, but made a mistake in using the hospital check for his association.
What is the Defense of Mistake?The defense of mistake is a legal defense that can be used in criminal cases where the defendant argues that they did not intend to commit the crime they are being accused of. This defense asserts that the defendant acted under a genuine belief that their actions were lawful, and therefore did not have the criminal intent necessary for a conviction.
This defense can be used in a variety of circumstances, such as when a person makes an error in judgment or misinterprets the law. For example, if a person accidentally writes a check from a company account instead of their personal account, they might be able to use the defense of mistake. The success of this defense will depend on the specific circumstances of the case and the strength of the evidence presented.
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if the terms of the sinking fund provision are not met, the may take legal action against the company on behalf of the bondholders.
Answers
The sinking fund provision is really just a pool of money set aside by a corporation to help repay previous issues and keep it more financially stable as it sells bonds to investors.
An organization is an agency—generally a collection of people or an enterprise—legal by way of the country to act as an unmarried entity (a prison entity identified by means of non-public and public law "born out of statute"; a prison character in legal context) and identified as such in law for certain functions.[1]: 10 Early integrated entities have been mounted by using constitution (i.e. by means of an ad hoc act granted with the aid of a monarch or handed by means of a parliament or legislature). most jurisdictions now allow the advent of latest agencies thru registration. companies are available in many different types but are normally divided via the regulation of the jurisdiction where they're chartered primarily based on factors: through whether they are able to issue stock, or via whether they may be shaped to make a earnings.
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Which of the following is NOT an adjustment to total income in arriving at adjusted gross income?
Select one:
a. Health insurance of self-employed persons
b. Certain contributions to a medical savings account
c. Contributions to a ROTH IRA
d. Interest paid on student loans
Answers
Among all the one that is not an adjustment to total income in arriving at adjusted gross income is contributions to a ROTH IRA. Hence, Option C is correct.
What is a gross income?Gross income, before any deductions or taxes, is the total of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other sources of income for both families and individuals.
The opposite of gross income is net income, which is the gross income less all taxes and other deductions.
Items like tuition costs, interest on student loans, alimony payments, and contributions to retirement accounts are all considered adjustments to income.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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In the above example regarding the driver who ran the red light, we could say that Jones' actions were unethical because he had a duty to enforce the law. This viewpoint would be consistent with a(n) ___________ ethical system.
Answers
In the above example regarding the driver who ran the red light, we could say that Jones' actions were unethical because he had a duty to enforce the law. This viewpoint would be consistent with the deontological ethical system.
What is the importance of deontology?Immanuel Kant created deontology (1724-1804). According to Kant, determining the moral intention behind a choice or action is more important than considering the outcome in the first place. Kant would evaluate the morality of a person's activity and ignore the results.
According to the ethical theory of deontology, there are certain principles that determine whether an action is good or evil. Deon, which means duty in Greek, is where it gets its name. These guidelines define what constitutes ethical behavior, and what does not.
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Your Question is incomplete, most probably your complete question was:
After completing your observations of Officer Jones, you are asked to summarize your observations for a study being conducted by an ethicist studying police behavior.
In the above example regarding the driver who ran the red light, we could say that Jones' actions were unethical because he had a duty to enforce the law. This viewpoint would be consistent with a(n) ___________ ethical system.
Dealt a-9 tetrahydrocannabinol is blank psychoactive constituent
Answers
The main euphoric component of marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), makes Acanthamoeba's brain infection worse.
Is the main psychoactive component delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol?Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in marijuana. THC induces relaxation, mild euphoria, tiredness, and perceptual distortion. There are more than 80 additional cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidiol, and cannabinol, that are also present in marijuana in addition to THC.
What uses does delta-nine tetrahydrocannabinol have?The treatment of cancer-related nausea and appetite stimulation are the applications of THC that hold the most promise. Both pure forms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and raw marijuana are being researched for medical use.
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a local statute forbidding adult movie theatres from being located near churches, schools, or parks would probably be
Answers
A local statute forbidding adult movie theatres from being located near churches, schools, or parks would probably be a valid regulation under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
Under the First Amendment, local governments have the authority to regulate the time, place, and manner of adult businesses, as long as the regulations are designed to serve a significant government interest, such as preventing the negative secondary effects associated with adult businesses, and are narrowly tailored to achieve that interest. The Supreme Court has recognized that such secondary effects can include increased crime, decreased property values, and negative effects on the quality of life in the surrounding community.
Prohibiting adult movie theatres from being located near sensitive areas such as churches, schools, and parks is one way that local governments can attempt to mitigate these negative secondary effects. However, such regulations must still be reasonable and not an outright ban on adult businesses.
Therefore, a local statute forbidding adult movie theatres from being located near churches, schools, or parks would likely be considered a valid regulation as long as it is designed to serve a significant government interest and is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.
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why is the term judicial administration multifaceted
Answers
Answer:
Judicial administration
Explanation:
Judicial administration consists of the practices, procedures and offices that deal with the management of the system of the courts. Judicial administration, or administration of the courts, has traditionally been concerned with overseeing budgets, selecting juror pools, assigning judges to cases, creating court calendars of activities, and supervising non-judicial personnel. Court administrators, or clerks of the court, accept the filing of court documents, maintain a file system of cases and a record of all final judgments, and process paperwork generated by judges. Court administrators are also responsible for eliminating racial and gender bias in the courts, ensuring diversity in the court system, and providing easier access to the courts for persons representing themselves without an attorney (pro se or pro per litigants).
Can I helpfull of you
A long-arm statute gives a court personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant who commits a tort within that state.
a. True
b. False
Answers
A department or agency whose officers have very clear law enforcement powers
such as a state, federal, or large metropolitan police force, would most likely be
classified as a
security service organization.
Answers
Answer:
I would say the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
Explanation:
The Federal Bureau of Investigations covers the entire united States and work in 65 other countries to eliminate threats from the United States, which means anything they touch is usually theirs.
the procedure where a criminal defendant agrees to make a plea to the court that he is guilty in order to receive punishment less than the maximum for the offense is called
Answers
Plea bargaining is the process by which a criminal defendant consents to declare his guilt to the court in exchange for a sentence that is less severe than the maximum allowed for the charge.
Plea bargaining is done when the prosecution has a solid case, the prosecution may propose a plea agreement to the defendant in order to avoid a trial and potentially spare him a harsher punishment.
Only if the defendant actually committed the crime and admitted it in front of the judge in open court may they enter a plea of guilty. When a defendant confesses to a crime, they acknowledge their guilt and consent to being "sentenced" by the judge presiding over the court, who is the only person with the power to do so. Sometimes, as part of a plea deal, the Government agrees not to propose an additional sentence, but the judge still gets to decide how the prisoner will be punished.
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how evidence is tendered in court
Answers
Tendering evidence is when you ask the court to consider a document, photograph or other object as part of the evidence in your case. To tender an item, you must: have the prior agreement of the prosecution before you ask the court to receive it in evidence,
The environmental policy act of 1969 was instituted as a follow up regulation to major environmental issues that occurred in the 1960’s.
Answers
Answer:
That's correct! The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 was passed in response to growing concern about the impact of human activities on the environment. The act established a national policy to protect the environment and created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to advise the president on environmental matters.
What might happen without the responsibility of citizens to pay taxes or defend the nation?
Choose all answers that are correct.
Question 1 options:
The country might be forced to elect officials who are not qualified to lead.
The country might be vulnerable to attack by an aggressive foreign military force.
The country may not be able to provide necessary assistance to those who are in need.
The government might decide to offer citizenship to people regardless of their age.
Answers
If citizens did not have the responsibility to pay taxes or defend the nation then:
The country might be vulnerable to attack by an aggressive foreign military force.The country may not be able to provide necessary assistance to those who are in need.What happens if Americans don't pay taxes?Tax revenue to the federal and state government is the main avenue through which the government gets the money that it uses to take care of American citizens who are in need such as the unemployed and the older generation.
If these taxes are stopped by citizens then these people who might needed help wouldn't get the necessary assistance.
Also, citizens should join the security forces to keep protecting the nation because if they don't, then the country can be vulnerable to attacks by hostile foreign powers.
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in katzenbach v. mcclung, the supreme court held that congress had, in passing the civil rights act of 1964, used which basis for applying federal regulations to a small restaurant?
Answers
Basis for applying federal regulations to a small restaurantIn Katzenbach v. McClung, the Supreme Court held that Congress had, in passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, used the commerce clause as the basis for applying federal regulations to a small restaurant.
The Katzenbach v. McClung case, argued in 1964, is a landmark US Supreme Court decision in which the court upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as constitutionally legal. The Supreme Court upheld the power of Congress under the Commerce Clause to end racial segregation in public facilities in Katzenbach v. McClung.The case involved Ollie McClung, who owned and operated Ollie's Barbecue in Birmingham, Alabama, and refused to serve African American customers. He claimed that he wasn't a part of interstate commerce since he purchased his meat and other supplies from local vendors.
On the other hand, the federal government contended that Ollie's Barbecue was a part of interstate commerce since it bought items from out-of-state suppliers.The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government's use of the commerce clause to regulate Ollie's Barbecue was constitutional. In this case, the court explained that even if an enterprise had no substantial direct impact on interstate commerce, Congress could still regulate it if the enterprise, when combined with others of similar type, had such an impact.
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