how can a point mutation impact and organism

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Answer 1

Answer:

it can be a hard like thing to get it from each


Related Questions

Explain how the subunits of a polymer may lead to changes on structure or function of the macromolecule

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The lack of structure in solution may facilitate a function in which interactions must occur promiscuously with several other molecules. The dynamic structure of macromolecules enables rapid changes that impact the homeostasis of biochemical and molecular biological processes.

What are the subunits of polymers?

Most macromolecules are polymers, which are long chains of subunits called monomers. These subunits are often very similar to each other, and for all the diversity of polymers (and living things in general) there are only about 40 - 50 common monomers.

With this information, we can conclude that A polymer is any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms and are the basis of many minerals and man-made materials.

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As a result of the experiment scientists did with Mexican tetras, it seems likely that their first hypothesis about blindness in the tetras is right. Explain how the result of the experiment supports their first hypothesis.

The scientists' first hypothesis is that blindness gives the fish some sort of evolutionary advantage, but not directly.

The experiment was: The scientists transplanted a lens from the eye of a surface tetra embryo into the eye of a cave tetra embryo. The result was striking—the surface tetra lens into the cave tetra caused all of the surrounding tissues to develop into a healthy eye.

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A result that supports the hypothesis 'blindness gives the fish some evolutionary advantage, but not directly' may be a higher fitness in close relatives of fish.

What is a hypothesis?

An scientific hypothesis is a given explanation to a scientific observation from the real world.

A hypothesis must be verifiable, which means that it can be confirmed or rejected by using the scientific method.

In conclusion, a result that supports the hypothesis 'blindness gives the fish some evolutionary advantage, but not directly' may be a higher fitness in close relatives of fish.

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the only mammals other than humans that can learn to sing a song by hearing it is: a. chimpanzees. b. gorillas. c. whales. dolphins.

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Whales are the only mammals except us who can pick up a song only by hearing it. Echolalia is the instant repetition of words or phrases after hearing them. Option c is Correct.

Dolphins are the only mammal known to be capable of broad and sophisticated vocal and behavioral mimicking, aside from humans. Mammals also include whales and porpoises. The ocean is home to 75 different species of dolphins, whales, and porpoises.

Sharks are fish, despite the fact that some people mistake them for mammals because of their size and the fact that certain of them can give birth to live pups. One of the earliest vertebrates (animals with a backbone) to evolve on Earth were the aquatic fish. Option c is Correct.

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Much of the precipitation in the taiga falls as snow. How have evergreen trees adapted to these taiga
conditions?
They can keep water and nutrients flowing in their trunks and branches all year
The evergreens develop deep roots in the fertile taiga soil.
They lose their leaves in the winter to prevent the loss of nutrients and water.
O Evergreens stop photosynthesis and become dormant in the winter.
Hi

Answers

Answer:

you stole points from me.

how are the nervous system and the endorcrine system different

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One of the most significant differences between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages through neurons while endocrine glands use hormones to send messages to the target cells through the bloodstream.

The nervous system and the endocrine system is different because of the use of method for sending messages to the cell.

How are the nervous system and the endocrine system different?

The main difference between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages throughout the body while on the other hand, endocrine glands use hormones to send messages to the cells through the bloodstream.

So we can conclude that the nervous system and the endocrine system is different because of the use of method for sending messages to the cell.

Well, the big difference is that the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages through the neurons; whereas the endocrine system uses hormones to send messages to the cells its targeting through the bloodstream.

what would happen if there was more melting and less freezing at the poles of the earth?

Answers

Answer:

If all of the ice on Antarctica, Greenland, and in mountain glaciers around the globe melted, sea level would increase by approximately 70 meters. (230 feet). The water would engulf all coastal towns. And the land size would be considerably reduced.

The world would most definitely be more hotter and global warming would be out of control. This would shorten the life of earth exponentially.

Pathogenicity islands are segments of the chromosomes of pathogenic bacteria. They contain clusters of virulence genes and are thought to be acquired by the bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Which of the following are common characteristics of these pathogenicity islands? Choose one or more: A. linked to a tRNA gene B. flanked by sequences recognized and cut by restriction enzymes C. flanked by genes that are homologous to phage or plasmid genes D. contain "housekeeping" genes that are required for bacterial viability E. contain an inverted repeat sequence F. have a GC/AT ratio that is different from the rest of the chromosome

Answers

Pathogenicity islands are commonly linked to a tRNA gene and flanked by genes that are homologous to phage or plasmid genes. They may also contain an inverted repeat sequence and have a GC/AT ratio that is different from the rest of the chromosome.

However, they do not contain "housekeeping" genes that are required for bacterial viability and are not typically flanked by sequences recognized and cut by restriction enzymes. These characteristics allow for the efficient transfer of virulence genes between bacteria and contribute to the pathogenicity of the bacteria carrying these islands.

Pathogenicity islands are segments of chromosomes in pathogenic bacteria that contain clusters of virulence genes, which are thought to be acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Common characteristics of these pathogenicity islands include: A. being linked to a tRNA gene, B. being flanked by sequences recognized and cut by restriction enzymes, C. being flanked by genes that are homologous to phage or plasmid genes, and F. having a GC/AT ratio that is different from the rest of the chromosome.

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the effect of hyaluronic acid on the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells: comparison of invasion potential at hyaluronic acid hydrogel and matrigel. j korean neurosurg soc 2009;46(5): 472e8.

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In summary, the study found that hyaluronic acid, particularly in the form of hydrogel, can effectively decrease the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells. This has potential implications for the development of therapeutic approaches targeting glioma invasiveness.

The study titled "Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on the Invasiveness of Malignant Glioma Cells: Comparison of Invasion Potential at Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel and Matrigel" published in the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society in 2009 aimed to analyze the impact of hyaluronic acid on the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells.
The researchers compared the invasion potential of these cells in hyaluronic acid hydrogel and matrigel. The study concluded that hyaluronic acid hydrogel had a significant effect on reducing the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells. The explanation behind this effect lies in the unique properties of hyaluronic acid, such as its ability to inhibit cell migration and invasion.
In summary, the study found that hyaluronic acid, particularly in the form of hydrogel, can effectively decrease the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells. This has potential implications for the development of therapeutic approaches targeting glioma invasiveness.

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6 List Choose one mineral, one rock, and one
fossil fuel. List an example and a use for each.


Answers

Answer:

Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

Explanation:

We use things made from rocks and minerals every day. It is estimated that every person in the United States will use more than three million pounds of rocks, minerals and metals during their lifetime. 82,000 gallons of petroleum

Answer:

Calcium, LIMESTONE,oil

Explanation:Calcium is a mineral that is good for are body it helps the bones maintain strong, limestone is a sedimentary rock, it is used mainly in the manufacture of Portland cement, the production of lime, manufacture of paper, petrochemicals, insecticides, linoleum, fiberglass, glass, carpet backing and as the coating on many types of chewing gum.,Oil is used as a fuel in cars, buses, tractors and industrial machinery. The oil which is used in vehicles is known as petrol and diesel. Crude oil is used in many industrial products like in detergents, in fertilizers, paints, plastics , petroleum products, medicines and in the formation of synthetic rubber.

When the population of ant (prey) increases, what would you predict the population of the ant-lion (predator) would do?


Answers

Answer:  Because there is more food available to them.

Explanation: if the ant ( prey ) were to instead decrease then the ant - lion ( predator ) would decrease instead due to lack of food population at some certain point of time.

HOPE THIS HELPS

Answer:

B. Because there is more food available to them. Explanation: if the ant ( prey ) were to instead decrease then the ant - lion ( predator ) would decrease instead due to lack of food population at some certain point of time.

Explanation:

one arctic food chain consists of polar bears, fish, seaweed, and seals. which sequence demonstrates the flow of chemical energy between these organisms?

Answers

The flow of chemical energy in the given arctic food chain can be summarized as follows: seaweed -> fish -> seals -> polar bears.

In the arctic food chain described, the flow of chemical energy follows a typical pattern where energy is transferred from producers to consumers. Seaweed, as a primary producer, converts sunlight energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This energy is stored in the form of carbohydrates.

Next, the fish, which are primary consumers, feed on the seaweed, obtaining energy from the carbohydrates stored in the seaweed's tissues. The energy from the seaweed is transferred to the fish.

Seals, as secondary consumers, then prey on the fish, obtaining energy from the fish's tissues. The energy from the fish is passed on to the seals.

Finally, polar bears, as tertiary consumers, feed on seals, acquiring energy from the seals' tissues. The energy from the seals is transferred to the polar bears.

Therefore, the sequence of the flow of chemical energy in this arctic food chain is from seaweed to fish, from fish to seals, and from seals to polar bears.

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Matter can store energy by its position or chemistry.

Answers

Answer:

Matter can store energy, as a result of its position.

Explanation:

Demolition machine stores energy when kept at elevated position. The stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy.

Which of the following immune responses occurs when a cytotoxic T cell is activated?
Cytotoxic T cells release antigen that inform other white blood cells to fight the pathogen causing the infection.
Cytotoxic T cells release histamine molecules that signal the blood vessels to dilate.
Cytotoxic T cells release antibodies that neutralize antigens of pathogens.
Cytotoxic T cells release proteins that trigger infected cells to undergo apoptosis and/or cytolysis.

Answers

When a cytotoxic T cell is activated, they release proteins that trigger infected cells to undergo apoptosis and/or cytolysis. The given statement is the correct option.

Therefore, the correct option is: Cytotoxic T cells release proteins that trigger infected cells to undergo apoptosis and/or cytolysis.An immune response is a reaction that occurs in the human body against foreign substances and infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

There are two types of immune responses: innate and adaptive. Adaptive immune responses occur when an immune cell recognizes a specific antigen. Adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. The latter is a type of immune response mediated by T cells. T cells come in two major types, namely helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells.Cytotoxic T cells are specialized white blood cells that eliminate infected or cancerous cells in the human body.

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List three effectors that are used to lower your body's temperature

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Answer: To lower your body's temperature, there are three main effectors that can be used: sweating, vasodilation, and shivering. Sweating allows the body to release heat through the evaporation of water on the skin's surface. Vasodilation dilates the blood vessels in order to increase blood flow to the skin and allow more heat to be lost from the body. Lastly, shivering increases metabolism and generates heat that can be released from muscle activity.

Explanation:

ccording to cell theory, viruses are considered nonliving because they

Answers

Answer:

Reproduce in the host body

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.

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At the level of rods and cones, the Trichromatic theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the opponent process theory seems to fit best.

What is the trichromatic color theory?

According to the trichromatic theory, our ability to perceive red, green, and blue colors, as well as how differently cones affect brain activity (Like a projection T.V.). The precise hue we see is therefore determined by the proportion of each color to the others.

What is explained by the opponent process theory?

According to the opponent process hypothesis, three conflicting systems are in charge of determining how humans see color. To describe how people perceive color, we need four distinct hues: blue, yellow, red, and green. This hypothesis states that human eyesight is divided into three competing channels.

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Fun fact
Bananas are curved because they grow towards the sun ☀️

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

It's because of the sun! Bananas are curved so they can retrieve sunlight. Bananas go through a process called 'negative geotropism'.

Hope it helped! :)

Answer:

That's a common myth, but the truth is a bit more complicated! Bananas are indeed curved, but it's not because they grow towards the sun.

Bananas are phototropic, meaning they do respond to light, but they don't necessarily grow towards the sun. In fact, most banana plants don't get direct sunlight because they grow under the canopy of larger trees in tropical forests.

The curvature of the banana actually comes from a process called "negative geotropism." When the banana plant is young, its flowers face upwards, towards the sun. But as the fruit begins to develop, it grows downwards, towards the ground. This is because the weight of the developing fruit pulls it downwards, while the plant's stem continues to grow upwards, in the opposite direction.

As the banana continues to grow and ripen, it becomes more curved due to a combination of gravity and the way the fruit pulp and seeds are distributed within the skin. So, while sunlight does play a role in banana growth, it's not the main reason why bananas are curved!

Helppppp me pleaseeeeeeee

Helppppp me pleaseeeeeeee

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation: well do process of elimination it cant be C or D  and its H2O which is hydrogen and Oxgen

What are 2 uses of Nucleic Acid?
Cane someone please help me on biology?

Answers

Answer:

"Nucleic acids are the main information-carrying molecules of the cell, and, by directing the process of protein synthesis, they determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)."

hope Brainliest T_T

The two uses of nucleic acids are as follows;

They store genetic information in living cellsThey direct the synthesis of proteins

WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS?

Nucleic acids are one of the four biomolecules found in living cells.

Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides and are of two types namely;

DNARNA

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information in the nucleus of living organismsRNA (ribonucleic acid) transports the stored genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis to occur.

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Climate change is predicted to have an impact on Earth's biodiversity. What could be a
consequence of climate change on marine biodiversity?

Answers

Answer:

Effects on Ocean Biodiversity

Rising sea levels will also cause changes to ocean temperatures and perhaps even currents. ... In addition, increased carbon dioxide causes acidification of the ocean, affecting creatures and plants that are sensitive to pH imbalances.

organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. in which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?
a. Organism A in Protista and Organism B in Fungi
b. Organism A in Protista and Organism B in Plantae
c. Organism A in Animalia and Organism B in Fungi
d. Organism A in Animalia and Organism B in Plantae

Answers

Due to the existence of multicellular bodies, a heterotrophic source of food, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall, the Kingdom Animalia stands apart among them.

Which multicellular, eukaryotic kingdom lacks a cell wall?

kingdom Animalia

Explanation: All organisms have been divided into five kingdoms according to the five-kingdom system of classification. The presence of multicellular bodies, a heterotrophic source of nourishment, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall distinguishes the Kingdom Animalia among them.

Do eukaryotes with only one cell have cell walls?

A stiff cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane in the majority of prokaryotic cells, giving the organism its form. Vertebrates lack a cell wall in eukaryotes, although plants do. Prokaryotic cell walls are chemically distinct from eukaryotic plant cell walls, which are mostly composed of cellulose.

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what is the function of RNA

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Answer:

The central dogma of molecular biology suggests that the primary role of RNA is to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins.

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Answer:

Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.

Explanation:

List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 1. tubular secretion 2. tubular reabsorption 3. glomerular filtration

Answers

In this question, We list the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 1. glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion

Steps of urine production

Inside the renal capsule, the blood undergoes strong pressure, which causes the output of the so-called glomerular filtrate (or initial urine), a liquid similar in composition to blood plasma. This process is called filtration. The filtrate is mainly made up of water, urea, glucose, salts and amino acids. It is important to remember that blood cells and some larger proteins do not pass into the capsule.

After leaving the renal capsule, the filtrate passes through the length of the nephric tubule and water and useful substances are reabsorbed into the body. These substances go back into the bloodstream. Most of the reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule region.

In the tubules, the process of secretion also takes place, in which some metabolites and drugs are carried from the blood vessels into the tube.

After passing through the entire nephric tubule, we have the filtrate transformed into urine.

With the information obtained, we list the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 1. glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion

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why do farmers prefer to rear hybrid pigs to local pigs​

Answers

Answer:

Farmers prefer to rear hybrid pigs to local pigs because it provides notable improvements in traits associated with reproductive performance and motherly ability.

Explanation:

used because it provides significant improvement in traits relating to reproductive performance and mothering ability. this is my answer

If one strand of DNA has a base sequence of 5-CTCATGAG-3, what is the base sequence of the complementary strand?

Answers

Question: If one strand of DNA has a base sequence of 5-CTCATGAG-3, what is the base sequence of the complementary strand? ​

Explanation:

Remember that DNA is only synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. Therefore, the sequence of a complementary strand can be determined if the sequence of the template strand is given. This is done by taking into account the complementarity of the nitrogenous bases. The complementary sequence is the nucleic acid sequence of bases that can form a double-stranded structure by matching base pairs.

Answer: according to the above information, we can conclude that the correct answer is:

The complementary sequence of 5-CTCATGAG-3 is:

3-GAGTACTC-5

which stress on a population is a direct result of overcrowding? responses air pressure changes air pressure changes rapid spread of disease rapid spread of disease mutation mutation immigration

Answers

Stress on a population that is a direct result of overcrowding is : rapid spread of disease .

What is overcrowding?

Overcrowding increases the risk of infection as number of potential transmitters increases. This results in the children and adults living in crowded conditions getting more infections and severe infections.

While population density offers an objective measure of the number of people living per unit area but overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density.

Overcrowding may be caused due to increased birth rates, lower mortality rates, reduced predation and large scale migration. This leads to the overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources.

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A scientist performed an experiment using various lengths of wire, all with the same cross-sectional area. The resistance of each length of wire was measured. The scientists results appear in the data table below.
Length Resistance
(meters)
(ohms)
Which of the following is the best conclusion to draw from this experiment?
O Resistance increases as the cross-sectional area of the resisting material increases.
O Electrical signals increase in power consumption as the length of wire increases
O Electrical signals decrease in strength as the distance they travel increases
Resistance increases as the total length of the resisting material decreases
5.1
11.0
16.0
18.0
23.0
1.6
3.8
4.6
5.9
7.5

A scientist performed an experiment using various lengths of wire, all with the same cross-sectional

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

What is the geographic area where a given population is found? carrying capacity population density distribution range

Answers

Answer:

range

Explanation:

The geographic area where a given population is found is referred to as its distribution range. The geographic or physical boundaries that make up a given population of organisms are represented by the distribution range.

On the other hand, carrying capacity refers to the most members of a species that a particular habitat or ecosystem can support over the long term. It is the maximum population that may exist indefinitely without seriously affecting the environment or exhausting its resources.

A measure of how packed or concentrated a population is in a given area is called population density. The usual unit of measurement is the number of people per unit of habitat or land area. Within a distribution range, population densities can change between areas, indicating how individuals are dispersed within the available environment.

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Seismic waves go faster through
S waves
than through

Answers

Seismic waves go faster through S waves than through P waves.

1. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's interior, primarily generated by earthquakes or other geological disturbances.

2. There are two main types of seismic waves: P waves (primary waves) and S waves (secondary waves).

3. P waves are compressional waves that travel by compressing and expanding the material they pass through. They can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

4. S waves, on the other hand, are shear waves that move particles perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. They can only travel through solids.

5. The speed of seismic waves depends on the properties of the material they pass through. Generally, P waves travel faster than S waves.

6. However, when seismic waves encounter a boundary between different materials, their speeds can change. In some cases, S waves may travel faster than P waves through certain materials.

7. This phenomenon occurs because the elasticity and density of the materials affect the speed of the waves. The specific properties of the materials at a given location determine how seismic waves will propagate through them.

8. In most cases, S waves travel at about 60% to 70% of the speed of P waves. This speed difference is one of the factors that seismologists use to analyze seismic data and determine the nature of the Earth's interior.

9. By studying the arrival times and characteristics of P and S waves at different seismic stations, scientists can gain valuable insights into the structure and composition of the Earth's layers.

10. Therefore, it is accurate to state that seismic waves go faster through S waves than through P waves, as long as we consider their relative speeds within a specific material or medium.

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the drug which is used to reduce pain is ..,....

i) opium ii) bhang iii) hashish iv) marijauna​

Answers

Answer:

hashish

Explanation:

opinum

Explanation:

because it is used to make pain nubbing/pain killer

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what are the adverse effects of painted food Scrimshander, Inc. is a shipping company, transporting goods using cargo ships. On December 31 2016, the company purchases and puts into service a cargo ship costing $10,000,000. The expected useful life of the ship is 20 years. Scrimshander uses straight-line depreciation, with zero salvage value. 1. Calculate the annual depreciation expense that Scrimshander must recognize on the cargo ship over the next 20 years. 2. Calculate the net book value of the cargo ship as of December 31,2020 . 3. Calculate the net book value of the cargo ship as of December 31,2036 , 4. Assume that Serimshander continues using this cargo shh throughout 2037. How much depreciation expense should Scrimshander recognize for that year? What are the economic changes that led to the rise of Florence? Hello. There are a few homework questions I am struggling. If you could please help with these quick questions, i'd be very grateful.1)if two companies have developed a strategic partnership relationship, the sales approach which would be used in most situations would be theA) mission-sharingB) stimulus-responseC) need-satisficationD) problem-solution2)In terms of types of personal selling, missionary salespeople are salepeople whoA) provide information about a good or serviceB) actively generate potential leads and persuade customers to make a purchaseC) follow-up telemarketing leads that have been generatedD) are involved in going ti potential customers' place of business to solicit accounts3)The key to a direct response marketing program is theA) quality and type of appeal used in the direct mail pieceB) brand equity of the product being soldC) quality of information with a firm's databaseD) quality of product being offered.4)in most cases, the most difficult part of prospecting isA) developing a list of potential customersB) determining which prospects are viableC) deciding on the criteria for classifying prospectsD) deciding the potential of prospects ____________ are temporary residents who voluntarily go abroad for a set period of time that is usually related to some task-based or instrumental purpose. Why is it important to file your income taxes before tax day? provide two reasons. Austin drove 455 miles in 7 hours.At the same rate, how long would it take him to drive 585 miles? AB and AC are tangent to circle O. If AB measures 23 cm, what is the measure of AC?A) 40 cmB) 46 cmC) 35 cmD) 23 cm Find positive numbers x and y satisfying the equation xy=20 such that the sum 4x+y is as small as possible. why did morgan choose drosophila for his genetics experiments? You are given the task to write an alternate ending to "It's Only Fair. Your assignment is to change the ending so that the flat character becomes a dynamic character due to conflict. Which ending is the best choice to accomplish this assignment? Can anyone help with question 9 and please dont mind the black pencil covering Helppppppppppppp...................................... A land parcel has topographic contour of an area can be mathematicallyrepresented by the following equation:2 = 0.5x4 + xIny + 2cox For earthwork purpose, the landowner needs to know the contourslope with respect to each independent variables of the contour.Determine the slope equations.Compute the contour slopes in x and y at the point (2, 3). Ronnie has an after school job at an animal shelter. She notices that at one meal, 3 cats will eat 2 cans of food.(a) How much food can 1 cat eat?(b) Write a formula that Ronnie can use to determine how many cans of food to use per meal based on the number of cats in the shelter.(c) If there are 12 cats in the shelter, how many cans of food per meal should ronnie food the cats? Selecting a vocation is a major decision.A. gerund phraseB. infinitive phraseC. participial phrase A hospital emergency room has collected a sample of 40 to estimate the mean number of visits per day. The sample standard deviation was found to be 32. Using a 90 percent confidence level, what is its margin of error Analyze the reactions of the characters. Briefly state what Shaw is saying about Social Class and the manners and customs of high society. Please help!!! octopuses and squids are part of the phylum mollusca. they both have a large brain and highly developed eyes. What other characteristic is common to these two animals? SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME THE ANSWER IS EITHER THE FIRST CHOICE OR THE LAST