In Problem 2.18, if the log will slide when a force of 443 lb is applied horizontally, what is the maximum angle at which the 500-lb force can be applied if the log is to slide?
From the given data, the maximum angle at which the 500lb force can be applied if the log is to slide is 27.65°.
For sliding horizontal force:
F = 500 × cosθ
443=500 × cosθ
θ=27.652°
A horizontal force is a force that acts parallel to the horizon or ground, perpendicular to the vertical direction. It can cause an object to move horizontally or change its direction of motion.
In physics, force is defined as any influence that can cause an object to undergo a change in motion. Forces can be applied in different directions, including horizontally, vertically, and at an angle. The unit of force is the newton (N), which is defined as the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared.
Examples of situations where horizontal forces are present include pushing a book across a table, pulling a sled along a snowy surface, or the force of wind on a sailboat. Horizontal forces can be balanced or unbalanced, depending on whether the net force acting on an object in the horizontal direction is zero or non-zero, respectively. If the net force is non-zero, the object will experience an acceleration in the direction of the net force, according to Newton's second law of motion.
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it requires 350 joules to raise a certain amount of a substance from 10.0°c to 30.0°c. the specific heat of the substance is 1.2 j/g° is the mass of the substance?
a.12 g
b.15 g
c.18 g
d.30 g
The mass of the substance is 15 g,determined using the specific heat and heat energy values.
What is the mass of the substance?The specific heat capacity (c) of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that substance by 1 degree Celsius. In this case, the specific heat of the substance is given as 1.2 J/g°C.
To find the mass of the substance, we can use the formula:
Heat energy (Q) = mass (m) × specific heat (c) × change in temperature (ΔT)
Given that the heat energy required is 350 J, the specific heat is 1.2 J/g°C, and the change in temperature is (30.0°C - 10.0°C) = 20.0°C, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the mass:
350 J = m × 1.2 J/g°C × 20.0°C
Dividing both sides of the equation by (1.2 J/g°C × 20.0°C), we find:
m = 350 J / (1.2 J/g°C × 20.0°C) = 14.58 g
Rounding to the nearest whole number, the mass of the substance is approximately 15 g.
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What are the units used to measure specific heat capacity?.
The units used to measure specific heat capacity is Joules per kilogram per Kelvin.
What is specific heat capacity?It is the amount of heat absorbed per kilogram of material when the temperature rises by 1 kelvin.
Specific heat capacity C is the Joules of energy in form of heat per kilogram per Kelvin temperature. The units represented by
C = ___ J/kg.K
Thus, the units used to measure specific heat capacity is Joules per kilogram per Kelvin.
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ANSWER PLEASE!!! I NEED THE HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT!!!! A small plane is flying at 85 m/s as it passes directly over your brand-new car when a passenger drops his backpack. It takes 9 seconds for the backpack to fall to the ground. You are very worried that the backpack will land on your new car and you wonder if you should move it. What will be the horizontal displacement of the backpack as it fall? Should you move your car?
Answer: Δx = vxt = (85 m/s)(9s) = ? m
Explanation:
If the plane is in level flight,
Δx = vxt = (85 m/s)(9s) = ? m
Note that if Δx ≠ 0, it will not land on the car.
The values for the horizontal displacement and repositioning of the car are;
As it falls, the backpack will have a maximum horizontal displacement (away from the car) of 795 meters
The car should remain in its current position; Do not move the car
The reason the above values are correct is as follows;
The known information about the airplane, the backpack and the car are;
The speed of the airplane = 85 m/s
The time it takes the backpack to fall to the ground, t = 9 seconds
The position of the airplane when the backpack is dropped = Directly over the brand new car
Required:
The horizontal displacement of the backpack as it fallsShould the car be movedSolution to the first question:
The horizontal displacement of the backpack = Horizontal velocity × Time, t
According to Newton's First Law of motion, the velocity of the backpack at the point it was dropped is the same as the velocity of the airplane
Given that the velocity of the airplane given is the horizontal velocity, we have;
The horizontal velocity of the backpack = 85 m/s
The displacement of the backpack = 85 m/s × 9 s = 795 m
The horizontal displacement of the backpack as it falls = 795 meters in front of the carSolution to the second question:
Given that the backpack will land 795 meters in front, away from the car, the car is safe if it remains in its current position
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classes are canceled due to snow, so you take advantage of the extra time to conduct some physics experiments. you fasten a large toy rocket to the back of a sled and take the modified sled to a large, flat, snowy field. you ignite the rocket and observe that the sled accelerates from rest in the forward direction at a rate of 12.5 m/s2 for a time period of 3.10 s. after this time period, the rocket engine abruptly shuts off, and the sled subsequently undergoes a constant backward acceleration due to friction of 4.15 m/s2. after the rocket turns off, how much time does it take for the sled to come to a stop?
The sled never comes to a stop, but continues to move backward with a decreasing speed due to the frictional force.
To solve this problem, we can use the kinematic equations of motion. We know that the initial velocity of the sled is zero, so we can use the following equation to find the final velocity of the sled after the rocket turns off:
v = u + at
where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity (which is zero in this case), a is the acceleration due to friction (which is negative because it is in the opposite direction to the motion), and t is the time period for which the sled undergoes this acceleration. Substituting the given values, we get:
v = 0 +\((-4.15 m/s^2)\) * t
Now, we need to find the time t for which the sled comes to a stop. We can use the following equation to do so:
v = u + at
where u is the final velocity (which is zero because the sled comes to a stop), a is the backward acceleration due to friction (which is negative), and t is the time period for which the sled undergoes this acceleration. Substituting the known values, we get:
0 = v + \((-4.15 m/s^2)\)* t
Solving for t, we get:
t = v /\(4.15 m/s^2\)
Substituting the expression for v from the first equation into this equation, we get:
t = \((-4.15 m/s^2 * (3.10 s))\) / \(4.15 m/s^2\) = -3.10 s
This is a negative time, which doesn't make physical sense. This means that the sled does not come to a stop within 3.10 s after the rocket turns off.
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Discuss some consequences of the exclusion principle.
The exclusion principle, also known as Pauli's exclusion principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
One consequence of the exclusion principle is the stability of matter. Due to this principle, electrons in atoms occupy different energy levels and orbitals, forming distinct electron configurations.
This results in the formation of chemical bonds and the stability of molecules. Without the exclusion principle, matter as we know it would not exist, and atoms would collapse into a densely packed state.
Another consequence is the degeneracy pressure in white dwarf stars. When a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel and undergoes gravitational collapse, it can form a white dwarf.
The exclusion principle prevents electrons from occupying the same quantum state, resulting in an outward force called degeneracy pressure. This pressure counteracts the inward pull of gravity, preventing further collapse and maintaining the stability of the white dwarf.
Furthermore, the exclusion principle plays a crucial role in determining the behavior of electrons in conductors and insulators. In metals, the principle allows for the formation of a Fermi sea, where electrons fill up energy levels up to a certain energy called the Fermi energy.
This leads to electrical conductivity. In contrast, in insulators, the exclusion principle prevents the electrons from occupying higher energy levels, resulting in a band gap and the absence of conductivity.
In conclusion, the exclusion principle has several significant consequences. It ensures the stability of matter, plays a role in the degeneracy pressure of white dwarf stars, and governs the behavior of electrons in conductors and insulators.
Understanding and applying the exclusion principle is essential for understanding quantum mechanics and its implications in various scientific fields.
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please help! you are amazing! brainliest!
The NGC 3603 region of space is shown below. It is a cloud of gas and dust. Stars are forming in this cloud. How would NGC 3603 be classified?
A. As a nebula
B. As a galaxy
C. As a planet
D. As a solar system
The NGC 3603 region of space is shown below. It is a cloud of gas and dust. Stars are forming in this cloud. The NGC 3603 be classified as a nebula. The correct option is A.
What is a nebula?A tiny, ball-shaped nebula is known as a planetary nebula. It generates an ionized gas that is luminous. Large and typically erratic clouds are produced by diffuse nebulae.
Due to their big stars, they typically form a cluster of stars. a cloud of gas in space that can be seen in the night sky as a vaguely discernible brilliant patch, as something black, or as a shadow against other luminous objects.
Dust and gases, primarily hydrogen and helium, make up nebulae. The mass of gas and dust eventually grows so large that it is forced to collapse by gravity. The material in the cloud's core heats up as a result of the collapse, and this hot core is the start of a star.
Therefore, the correct option is A. As a nebula.
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The speed of a wave is determined by multiplying the of the wave by its wavelength. in a vacuum all electromagnetic radiation travels at a constant speed: m/s.
The speed of light is determined by the properties of vacuum and the fundamental constants of nature.
In a vacuum, all electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, travels at a constant speed, which is approximately equal to the speed of light, c. The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s).
This is a fundamental constant in physics and represents the fastest possible speed in the universe.
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please help me!!
1. Describe how matter and energy interact when waves are generated?
The density of a certain type of steel is 8.1 g/cm3. what is the mass of a 100.0 cm3 chunk of this steel?
The mass of a 100.0 cm3 chunk of this steel is 810 grams.
What is Density?
A substance's density is defined as its mass per unit of volume. Density is most frequently represented by the symbol, however Latin letter D may also be used. Density is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume.
Density = Mass/ volume
Mass = density x volume
Mass at 100 cm3 = density x volume x 100 cm3
Mass at 100 cm3 = 8.1 g/cm x 100 cm 3
Mass at 100 cm3 = 810 grams
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Explain what types of data streams can support and how they handle the data.
What are they?
Data streams are continuous flows of data that can be used to capture, process, and analyze real-time information.
Types of data streams that can be supported include:Data streams are typically handled by streaming data processing engines. These engines process and analyze the data as soon as it arrives, allowing for real-time insights and decision-making.
Sensor data streams: This type of data stream captures data from various sensors, such as temperature, humidity, motion, and pressure.Web service data streams: These data streams capture data from web services, such as weather, traffic, and stock market information.Database data streams: These data streams capture data from databases, such as customer data, product information, and financial transactions.Social media data streams: These data streams capture data from social media sites.Machine data streams: These data streams capture data from machines, such as production lines, robots, and industrial equipment.They are used to capture data from a variety of sources, such as sensors, web services, databases, and other online sources.
Data streams are handled in real-time, meaning that they are processed and analyzed as soon as they arrive.
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Two light bulbs are equally bright, but one has a power of 6 W while the other has a power of 10 W. In one hour the higher power bulb uses J more energy than the lower power bulb.
The force of electrostatic repulsion between two small positively charged objects, A and B, is 3.6 x 10⁻⁵ N when AB = 0.12m. What is the force of repulsion if AB is increased to 0.24 m
Given data:
* The electrostatic force of repulsion between the charged bodies in the initial state is,
\(F=3.6\times10^{-5}\text{ N}\)* The distance between the charged bodies in the initial state is,
\(d=0.12\text{ m}\)* The distance between the charged bodies in the final state is,
\(\begin{gathered} d^{\prime}=0.24\text{ m} \\ d=2\times0.12 \\ d^{\prime}=2d \end{gathered}\)Solution:
According to Coulomb's law, the electrostatic force of repulsion between the charged bodies in the initial state is,
\(F=\frac{kq_1q_2}{d^2}\)where k is the electrostatic force constant, q_1 is the charge on the first charged body and q_2 is the charge on the second charged body,
The electrostatic force of repulsion between the charged bodies in the final state is,
\(\begin{gathered} F^{\prime}=\frac{kq_1q_2}{(2d)^2} \\ F^{\prime}=\frac{kq_1q_2}{4d^2} \\ F^{\prime}=\frac{1}{4}\times\frac{kq_1q_2}{d^2} \\ F^{\prime}=\frac{F}{4} \end{gathered}\)Substituting the known values,
\(\begin{gathered} F^{\prime}=\frac{3.6\times10^{-5}}{4} \\ F^{\prime}=0.9\times10^{-5}\text{ N} \end{gathered}\)Thus, the electrostatic force of repulsion between the charged bodies in the final state is,
\(\text{0}.9\times10^{-5}\text{ N}\)what produces keratin that starts the death of skin cells
Answer:
Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type of epidermis and originate in the basal layer, produce keratin, and are responsible for the formation of the epidermal water barrier by making and secreting lipids.
Answer:
Keratinocytes, which are cells in the epidermis, produce keratin, which helps create a protective barrier on the skin's outer layer [1]. As the keratinocytes produce keratin, they start to die, leading to the death of the skin cells.
what are the kinetic energy
Answer:
n physics, the kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.[1] It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.
In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is {\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}\end{smallmatrix}}}{\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}\end{smallmatrix}}. In relativistic mechanics, this is a good approximation only when v is much less than the speed of light.
The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule, while the imperial unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound.
Explanation:
Answer:
kinetic energy is the energy that an object posses due to their motions.
Explanation:
eg:When you let go of that ball and let it fall, the potential energy converts into kinetic energy, or the energy associated with motion. There are five types of kinetic energy: radiant, thermal, sound, electrical and mechanical.
Why is the perfect mechine is not possible in the real life?
Answer:
Because the mechanical advantage of the machine is affected by friction and weight but velocity ratio is not. So, mechanical advantage is less than velocity rate. Thus, the machine's efficiency is less than 100% and can't be a perfect machine
List some benefits of Cardiovascular exercise:
Answer:
Aerobic exercise reduces the risk of many conditions, including obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, stroke and certain types of cancer. Weight-bearing aerobic exercises, such as walking, help decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
Answer:
reduced heart attack chance
Explanation:
cholestrol buildups get destroyed by high pressure blood
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Consider the beam in (Figure 1). Take that w = 10 kN/m and P = 12 kN. Determine the normal force, shear force, and moment at point C. Follow the sign convention.
The normal force at point C is the force exerted perpendicular to the beam. Since the beam is in equilibrium, the sum of all forces in the vertical direction is equal to zero. Therefore, the normal force at point C will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the total vertical force acting on the beam.
2. Shear force: The shear force at point C is the force acting parallel to the beam, causing it to shear or slide. To determine the shear force at point C, we need to consider the forces acting on either side of point C and take the sign convention into account. If we take the left side of point C, the shear force will be positive if it acts in the upward direction and negative if it acts in the downward direction. Similarly, if we take the right side of point C, the shear force will be positive if it acts in the downward direction and negative if it acts in the upward direction. We need to sum up the vertical forces on either side of point C and determine the difference to find the shear force at point C.
3. Moment: The moment at point C is the turning effect caused by the forces acting on either side of point C. To determine the moment at point C, we need to consider the forces acting on either side of point C and their perpendicular distances from point C. Again, we need to take the sign convention into account. Clockwise moments are considered positive, while counterclockwise moments are considered negative. We need to calculate the moments caused by the forces on either side of point C and determine the algebraic sum to find the moment at point C.
By applying these steps, we can determine the normal force, shear force, and moment at point C.
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consider a message signal m(t) containing frequency components at 100, 200, and 400 hz. this signal is applied to a ssb modulator together with a carrier at 100 khz, with only the upper sideband retained. in the coherent detector used to recover m(t), the local oscillator supplies a sinusoidal wave of frequency 100.02 khz. determine the frequency components of the detector output.
The frequency components of the detector output are approximately 80 Hz, 180 Hz, and 380 Hz.
To determine the frequency components of the detector output in the given scenario, we need to consider the modulation process and the frequencies involved.
Original Message Signal (m(t)):
Frequency components: 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 400 Hz.
Carrier Signal (c(t)):
Frequency: 100 kHz (100,000 Hz).
Upper Sideband (USB) Modulation:
Only the upper sideband is retained.
The sideband frequencies are obtained by adding the message signal frequencies to the carrier frequency:
Sideband 1: 100 kHz + 100 Hz = 100.1 kHz (100,100 Hz)
Sideband 2: 100 kHz + 200 Hz = 100.2 kHz (100,200 Hz)
Sideband 3: 100 kHz + 400 Hz = 100.4 kHz (100,400 Hz)
Local Oscillator (LO):
Frequency: 100.02 kHz (100,020 Hz).
Coherent Detection Process:
The local oscillator is used to mix with the received modulated signal for detection.
Mixing the received signal with the local oscillator will result in the difference of their frequencies.
The output of the detector will contain the difference frequency components.
Calculating the frequency components of the detector output:
Subtract the frequency of the local oscillator (LO) from the sideband frequencies obtained in step 3.
The resulting frequency components will be the frequencies of the detector output.
Detector Output Frequency Components:
Detector Output 1: 100.1 kHz - 100.02 kHz = 80 Hz
Detector Output 2: 100.2 kHz - 100.02 kHz = 180 Hz
Detector Output 3: 100.4 kHz - 100.02 kHz = 380 Hz
Therefore, the frequency components of the detector output are approximately 80 Hz, 180 Hz, and 380 Hz.
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Finding the charge: Two spheres 6.0 units apart, attract each other with a force of 3 x 10 9 N. Determine them magnitude of the charge on one sphere if the other sphere has a charge of 9 E-8.
A 0. 20-kg baseball is struck with a force of 100 n from a 0. 94-kg baseball bat. What will be the acceleration of the ball and the bat, in that order, while the bat and ball are in contact?.
The acceleration of the baseball is 500 m/s².
A force is an influence that has the power to alter an object's motion. An object with mass can change its velocity, or accelerate, as a result of a force. An obvious way to describe force is as a push or a pull.
The mass of the baseball, m = 0.2 kg
The force acting on the baseball is 100 N.
By Newton's second law of motion,
F = ma
Substituting the values in the above equation,
100 N = 0.2 kg × a
a = 100 / 0.2
a = 500 m/s²
The total mass when the baseball and baseball bat are in contact is:
m = 0.2 + 0.94 = 1.14 kg
Then the acceleration will be:
F = ma
100 = 1.14 × a
a = 87.7 m/s²
The acceleration of the ball after the contact is 500 m/s².
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For the following six questions, match the descriptions to the below people (A-J)
A) Eratosthenes B) Aristarchus C) Isaac Newton D) Aristotle E) Ptolemy F) Galileo G) Hipparchus H) Kepler I) Nicolaus Copernicus J) Tycho Brahe
23. Discovered the phases of Venus using a telescope.
24. First to consider ellipses as orbits.
25. Foremost ancient Greek philosopher.
26. Ancient Greek who believed in a sun-centered universe.
27. First to measure the size of the Earth to good accuracy.
28. Developed the first predictive model of the solar system.
The correct match of the descriptions to the below people are 23 - F, 24 - H, 25 - D, 26 - I, 27 - A, 28 - B.
23 - F Galileo: Galileo Galilei is credited with discovering the phases of Venus using a telescope. Through his observations, he observed that Venus went through a series of phases similar to those of the Moon, which supported the heliocentric model of the solar system.
24 - H Kepler: Johannes Kepler was the first to consider ellipses as orbits. He formulated the laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler's laws, which stated that planets move in elliptical paths with the Sun at one of the foci. Kepler's work revolutionized our understanding of celestial mechanics.
25 - D Aristotle: Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, is considered one of the foremost thinkers in history. While his contributions span various fields, including philosophy and natural sciences, his views on astronomy were geocentric. He believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and that celestial bodies moved in perfect circles around it.
26 - I Nicolaus Copernicus: Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, in which the Sun, rather than the Earth, was at the center. Copernicus's revolutionary idea challenged the prevailing geocentric view and laid the foundation for modern astronomy.
27 - A Eratosthenes: Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to geography and astronomy. He is known for his accurate measurement of the Earth's circumference. By measuring the angle of the Sun's rays at two different locations, he estimated the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy.
28 - B Aristarchus: Aristarchus of Samos is credited with developing the first predictive model of the solar system. He proposed a heliocentric model centuries before Copernicus, suggesting that the Sun was at the center of the universe, with the Earth and other planets orbiting it. Aristarchus's model was a significant departure from the prevalent geocentric view of the time.
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Highlight the correct answer.
A.) An object with more mass has more/less gravitational force than an object with a smaller mass.
B.) Objects that are closer together have more/less of a gravitational force between them than objects that are further apart.
The correct answer is B. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
In simpler terms, as objects get closer together, the gravitational force between them increases.
When the distance between two objects decreases, the denominator of the equation (distance squared) becomes smaller, resulting in a larger force. Conversely, when the distance increases, the denominator becomes larger, resulting in a smaller force.
It is important to note that the mass of an object does not directly affect the strength of the gravitational force between two objects. However, a higher mass will lead to a greater gravitational force when compared to a lower mass, but only because the force is being exerted on a more massive object. The mass of an individual object doesn't directly affect the gravitational force it experiences from another object. option B
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What is the method of charging called?
A bowling ball and baseball
are both thrown with the
same force. This means that
the bowling ball will have
compared to the
baseball.
A. no acceleration
B. more acceleration
C. the same acceleration
D. less acceleration
The bowling ball will experience less acceleration then baseball.
What is Newton's second law of motion?Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:
F = ma
where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the resulting acceleration.
Which is it less acceleration?In the given scenario, both the bowling ball and baseball are thrown with the same force. However, since the bowling ball has a larger mass than the baseball, according to Newton's second law, it will experience less acceleration than the baseball. This means that the correct answer is (D) less acceleration.
Therefore, the acceleration of an object is not only determined by the force applied to it but also by its mass. Objects with greater mass require more force to accelerate at the same rate as objects with lesser mass.
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I AM TIMED !! 30 POINTS Which is the smallest possible particle of an element?
O molecule
O atom
O compound
O matter
Answer:
atoms
Explanation:
they are the smallest
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2.Write the formula associating energy with power
Answer:
The formula for potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects. For the gravitational force the formula is P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s2 at the surface of the earth) and h is the height in meters.
Explanation:
Sub to Beast_Building on yt
What happens to the air in an air pump when being pumped into a tire? What happens to the air when allowed to escape from a tire?
An 80min CD starts spinning at 3.5 Hz. However, by the end it is only spinning at 2 Hz.
a) Express these two speeds in rad/sec.
b.Find the (very small) angular deceleration
a) The first speed, 3.5 Hz, can be converted to rad/sec by multiplying it by 2π, the number of radians in one revolution:
3.5 Hz x 2π rad/rev = 22.0 rad/sec
Similarly, the final speed, 2 Hz, can be converted to rad/sec:
2 Hz x 2π rad/rev = 12.6 rad/sec
In order to convert from hertz (Hz) to radians per second (rad/sec), we need to know the number of radians in one revolution. This is equal to 2π, since a full circle is 2π radians. Therefore, we can simply multiply the frequency in Hz by 2π to get the angular velocity in rad/sec.
b) The angular deceleration can be calculated using the formula:
α = (ωf - ωi) / t
where α is the angular deceleration, ωf is the final angular velocity, ωi is the initial angular velocity, and t is the time it takes for the CD to slow down from the initial to the final speed. We know that the CD takes 80 minutes, or 4800 seconds, to slow down from 3.5 Hz to 2 Hz. Using the rad/sec values we found in part (a), we can plug in the numbers:
α = (12.6 rad/sec - 22.0 rad/sec) / 4800 sec ≈ -0.0017 rad/sec²
Note that the negative sign indicates that the CD is decelerating, or slowing down. The value of the angular deceleration is very small, since the CD is slowing down gradually over a long period of time.
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hydrogen compounds in the solar nebula could condense into ice at temperatures of about 150 k. suppose they instead could have condensed only at temperatures below 50 k? what would have been different in the solar nebula?
A lower condensation temperature for hydrogen compounds would have resulted in a substantially different solar system, with fewer rocky planets and an altered composition of the gas giants.
If hydrogen compounds in the solar nebula could only condense at temperatures below 50 K, it would have had a significant impact on the formation and composition of the solar system. Firstly, the overall composition of the planets and other celestial bodies would have been different.
The inner planets, including Earth, consist of rock and metal, which would not have formed without the higher temperatures required for condensation. Instead, the solar system would have been composed mainly of gas and ice.
Additionally, the formation of the gas giants, including Jupiter and Saturn, would have been different. These planets are composed mainly of hydrogen, helium, and other gases, but they also have icy cores. If hydrogens compounds only condensed at temperatures below 50 K, it is likely that their cores would have been larger and composed mainly of ice rather than gas.
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