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How can DNA be more helpful than looking at traits to determine which animals are related?

The Cambrian  explosion is a radiation of animals with hard parts that marks the start of a new eon in geologic time.

The Cambrian Period is the first geologic period of the Paleozoic Era ("Time of Ancient Life"). This period lasted from 541 million to 485.4 million years ago, more than 55 million years ago, and marked a dramatic burst of evolutionary change in life on Earth, known as the "Cambrian Explosion". Among the animals that evolved during this period were chordates — animals with a dorsal nerve cord; brachiopods with hard bodies that resembled clams; and arthropods—the ancestors of spiders, insects, and crustaceans.

Although there is some scientific debate as to which fossil strata should mark the beginning of this period, the International Commission on Stratigraphy places the lower limit of the period at 541 million years ago, when worms making horizontal burrows first appeared in the fossil record. The end of the Cambrian period is marked by evidence in the fossil record of a mass extinction about 485.4 million years ago. The Cambrian period was followed by the Ordovician period.

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Answer:A single celled organism that lives in extremely hot or acidic environment with no membrane-bound organelles most likely belongs to 1. archaea, bacteria

Explanation:

Answer:

D. It interferes with base pairing which decreases the error rate during DNA replication

Explanation:

A mutagen is a substance or agent that can cause mutations in an organism's DNA. Mutations are changes in the genetic material of an organism and can occur spontaneously, but mutagens can increase the frequency of mutations.

One way that a mutagen can cause mutations is by interfering with the base pairing of the DNA molecule. During DNA replication, the two strands of the DNA molecule separate, and new complementary strands are synthesized based on the original strands. The base pairing between the complementary nitrogenous bases (adenine and thymine, or cytosine and guanine) helps ensure the accuracy of the replication process.

If a mutagen interferes with the base pairing, it can cause errors to occur during replication. These errors can lead to mutations, as the new DNA strand will not match the original strand as it should. This can result in changes in the genetic information of the organism, potentially leading to a variety of effects, including the development of genetic disorders or the expression of different traits.

Answer:

They both had a tail as an embryo.

Explanation:

Both human and dogs have tail as an embryo. Temporary tail-like structures are present in the human embryo. These tail like structure develop around the fifth or sixth week of gestation, having about 10 to 12 vertebrae and removed when it reached to its full development stage while on the other hand, tail present in dog's embryo also developed with time and we can see when the dog baby is fully formed.

Answer:

They both had a tail as an embryo.

Their arm and leg structure is similar but may have a different function.

Explanation:

Vestigial structures are those body parts that have lost or reduced their original function during the evolution of a species. These vestigial structures might be found in many animals, including human beings. Vestigial structures were plenty functional for common ancestors. But with evolution, they degenerated, stunted, and became rudimentary for some of the new species.  

During the first 4 months of embryogenesis, all mammals have a tail at some point in their development. Dogs develop this structure and keep it during their whole lives, but humans lose it with time during embryogenesis. The tail disappears, and its forming vertebras get fussed with each other composing the coccyx, which represents a vestigial structure. This tailbone is the remnant of a missing tail.

In many animals, the function of the tail is to stabilize, equilibrate and mobilize. But in humans, the coccyx, located at the end of the vertebral column, has lost this original function.

The fact that whales, humans, and dogs all have the same bones in the same order, but they matured differently in later embryological development, is an example of homologous characters.  

Homologous characters have the same fundamental structures. They also share the same relations with adjacent structures, and they have the same embryological development.  

These structures might show variations between organisms exhibiting them, according to their function and to the environment in which the organism lives.  

These homologous characters are common in organisms related and that share a common ancestor.

According to the research, the correct answer is c. The cladistic primate classification includes: strepsirhines and haplorhines.

It is a categorization that groups species into "clades" considering that primates constitute an order of mammals whose monophyletic order is part of the clade Strepsirhines and Haplorhines.

In this sense, the human being is part of the haplorhine suborder within the primate order.

Therefore, we can conclude that primates according to the cladistic classification are mammals that can be divided into two suborders: haplorrhines and strepsirrhines.

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The correct option is C : Every gene encodes a separate enzyme. One enzyme, one gene The theory holds that each gene encodes a single enzyme.

We now know that this concept is typically (but not entirely) right. Sir Archibald Garrod, a British medical practitioner, was the first to propose that genes and enzymes were linked.

According to Beadle and Tatum, each gene drives the synthesis of one (and only one) enzyme. Beadle and Tatum shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with J. Lederberg.

They identified a set of mutations known to disrupt the production of arginine, an amino acid required for mould development. Individual mutations, according to their idea, hindered specific steps in the process utilized by the mould to manufacture arginine from precursors in its surrounding media.

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Full Question :

Which statement is most consistent with the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis originally proposed by Beadle and Tatum?

A Every enzyme makes one gene.

B Genes and enzymes are important.

C Every gene encodes a separate enzyme.

D A gene can only make one enzyme in a cell cycle.

E Each gene makes one enzyme but not one protein.

Answer:

Internal pudendal arteries are in charge of supplying blood to the external genitalia.

Answer:

50%

Explanation:

its a chance but not likely

because its not dominant

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

because when the cells continue to grow their volume and surface don't increase same amount. The volume is 3D and the surface is 2D so their volume increases faster than their surface. After some time the cells can divide or they stopped to grow

Answer:

Gross productivity refers to the amount of carbon fixed.

Explanation:

Gross productivity refers to the amount of carbon fixed during the process of  photosynthesis by all producers such as plants and algae etc in the ecosystem. A large part of the energy that is produced in the process of photosynthesis is used by the plants in the metabolic processes of the producers such as respiration. The net productivity indicates that carbon dioxide plants that is used during the photosynthesis process substracted from carbon dioxide the plants releases during the process of respiration.

Answer:

be care if use answer ^ got in troulbe reword it really good

Explanation:

Answer:

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is such that the products of one system are the reactants of the other. Photosynthesis involves the use of energy from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation:

Mercury poisoning is a debilitating disease that can be fatal. The disease is caused by mercury that reacts with essential enzymes leading to irreversible inactivity of these enzymes. If the amount of mercury in a polluted lake is 0.4 g hg/ml, the total mass in kilograms of mercury in the lake can be found with the following method:

Let's calculate the volume of the lake.

Surface area of the lake = 100 mi²
Depth of the lake = 20 feet

Volume of the lake = Surface area × Depth
Volume of the lake = 27,878,400,000 ft² × 20 feet
Volume of the lake = 557,568,000,000 ft³

Now we have to convert the volume from cubic feet to milliliters.
1 ft³ = 28316.8 ml
557,568,000,000 ft³ = 557,568,000,000 ft³ × 28316.8 ml/ft³ = 1.57958552 × 10¹⁹ ml

Mass = volume × concentration
Concentration = 0.4 g hg/ml
Mass = 1.57958552 × 10¹⁹ ml × 0.4 g hg/ml

= 6.31834208 × 10¹⁹ g

Therefore, the total mass of mercury in the lake is :

6.31834208 × 10¹⁹ g or 6,318,342.08 kg.

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Answer:

yes...let's do it am interested

Answer:

yeah I am interested in revision

Answer:

The "Big Bang" theory does not exist

Explanation:

Answer:

If it is a total collapse, it is called pneumothorax. If only part of the lung is affected, it is called atelectasis.

I hope it helps

It is an example of Ex situ conservation. The correct option is A.

It is a method of conserving biodiversities outside their natural habitats.

Ex situ conservation is in direct contrast to in situ conservation. This means that in in-situ conservation, biodiversities are conserved in their natural habitats.

In the illustration, the Addax were released into fenced sections of protected areas in two countries.

The fenced section means that the Addax were not allowed to roam freely as they would in their natural habitats. The fenced section means that their movement is limited as compared to natural habitats.

Thus, the Addax were being conserved ex-situ.

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Gluconeogenesis is the process by which cells convert non-carbohydrate precursors into glucose. The following is the correct order of reactants and products in gluconeogenesis, starting with an aliphatic amino acid:

Alanine --> Pyruvate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate --> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate --> Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate --> Fructose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate --> Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 3-phosphoglycerate

3-phosphoglycerate --> 2-phosphoglycerate

2-phosphoglycerate --> Phosphoenolpyruvate

Phosphoenolpyruvate --> Pyruvate

Pyruvate --> Oxaloacetate

Oxaloacetate --> Gluconeogenesis starts with the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).

This process is an important part of glucose homeostasis, as it allows cells to produce glucose even in the absence of glucose or glycogen. The end products of gluconeogenesis are glucose and CO2.

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To increase songbird populations, a comprehensive approach that addresses various aspects of their habitat, food availability, and conservation efforts is essential.

Some strategies that can collectively contribute to boosting songbird populations:

1)Habitat conservation and restoration: Protecting and restoring the natural habitats of songbirds is crucial.

This includes preserving forests, woodlands, wetlands, and other habitats that provide suitable nesting sites, cover, and food sources for songbirds.

Efforts should focus on minimizing habitat destruction, implementing sustainable land management practices, and creating protected areas.

2)Plant native vegetation: Promote the planting of native trees, shrubs, and flowering plants that provide food sources, such as berries, seeds, nectar, and insects, which are essential for songbirds.

Native plants are best suited to the local ecosystem and support a diverse range of insects, an important food source for many songbird species.

3)Reduce pesticide use: Pesticides can have detrimental effects on songbirds by reducing their food supply and directly harming them.

Encourage organic and sustainable farming practices that minimize pesticide use, promote integrated pest management strategies, and raise awareness about the impact of pesticides on songbirds and their ecosystems.

4)Provide nesting sites: Install and maintain birdhouses, nesting boxes, and appropriate structures to provide additional nesting opportunities for songbirds.

These structures should be designed to mimic natural nesting sites and should be appropriately placed to protect them from predators and adverse weather conditions.

By implementing a combination of these approaches, we can create a conducive environment for songbirds to thrive, ensuring their populations increase over time

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Answer:Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's "wires") to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) are passed along the axon.

Explanation:

Glucose is a product of the dark reactions during photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis consists of two stages, the light reactions and the dark reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane and convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH. Dark reactions take place in the stroma and use the ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide and create glucose, a sugar molecule used for energy storage and structural support in plants.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The British Agricultural Revolution describes a period of agricultural development in Great Britain from the 18th to the mid-19th century, during which there was a very high increase in agricultural productivity, yield and total production. These events caused an unprecedented population increase, freeing a significant percentage of the population from the countryside, which constituted the labor force of the Industrial Revolution.

The process through which the Agricultural Revolution developed does not seem very clear. The following basic factors are cited in this process:

The fencing of the cultivated fields.

Technical advances and mechanization

Appearance of iron plows

Use of seeders

New ways of drainage

Crop rotation

The improvement in livestock selection.

The selection of seeds.

New forms of economic organization of farms

Improvements in poultry guano fertilization methods.

Explanation:

Strengths of Trait Approach. The trait approach focuses on the leader and not on the followers or the situation. This approach is concerned with what traits leaders exhibit and who has these traits.

From what we know, we can confirm that a variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics is called a mutation.

All genes in an organism are coded through a series of nucleotides. Each gene has its own sequence of nucleotides that make it unique. A mutation is a change in this nucleotide sequence caused by either external forces such as UV light, or internal errors.

Therefore, given the definition described, we can confirm that a variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics is called a mutation.

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Answer:

As context, there are two sides of a mountain range:

A) The windward side

B) The leeward side

As mountains are tall, they block clouds which are in the troposphere. All the moisture thus falls onto the windward side, while almost none of the moisture from the rain gets to the leeward side.

In a nutshell, mountain ranges create barriers for precipitation which blocks off moisture to the leeward side, creating deserts.

This is why you see mountain ranges near deserts.

The reflexes involving painful stimuli, such as touching hot objects or stepping on sharp objects, are examples of withdrawal reflexes, which is present in the last option. The last option is true regarding the reflex.

There are many different types of reflexes, such as the withdrawal reflex, stretch reflex, and so on. In the withdrawal reflex, limbs such as the hand and leg are withdrawn in response to a stimulus such as hot, cold, stepping on sharp objects, and so on.

Hence, the reflexes involving painful stimuli, such as touching hot objects or stepping on sharp objects, are examples of withdrawal reflexes.

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When assessing the strength of a claim, it's essential to consider the following factors: Based on the science seminar evidence card.

Quality and reliability of evidence: Evaluate the sources of evidence supporting each claim. Consider whether the evidence comes from reputable scientific studies, peer-reviewed research articles, or well-conducted experiments. Strong claims are often supported by robust, reliable, and well-documented evidence.

Consistency of findings: Examine whether multiple studies or sources of evidence support the claim consistently. Claims that are supported by a broad range of independent studies are generally considered stronger than those with limited or conflicting evidence.

Sample size and statistical significance: Consider the sample size of studies or the amount of data supporting the claim. Larger sample sizes and statistically significant results provide more robust evidence compared to small-scale studies or results that may occur by chance.

Experimental design and methodology: Assess the experimental design and methodology used in the studies. Well-designed experiments with appropriate control groups, randomization, and appropriate statistical analysis enhance the strength of the claim.

Expert consensus: Consider the consensus among experts in the field regarding the claim. Scientific consensus, achieved through peer review and extensive research, adds credibility to a claim.

By carefully evaluating these factors, you can assess the strength of different claims and make informed judgments about their reliability.

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