hello, pa help po please huhu thank you!

Answer and Explanation:

The brain is composed of three main structures, the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The brain sends chemical and electrical signals throughout the body to regulate different biological functions and sense environmental changes. The brain communicates with the majority of the body through the spinal cord.

1. If the individual with the dominant phenotype has an affected parent with a recessive phenotype.

2. If the individual with the dominant phenotype has affected offspring with a recessive phenotype.

In a pedigree, two situations can help determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

1. If an individual with the dominant phenotype has offspring with a recessive phenotype, it indicates that the individual must be heterozygous (carrying one dominant and one recessive allele).

This conclusion is drawn because the recessive phenotype can only be expressed when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

2. Another situation is when both parents have the dominant phenotype, but they produce offspring with the recessive phenotype.

This scenario suggests that both parents are heterozygous (carrying one dominant and one recessive allele), and the recessive phenotype appears in their offspring due to the inheritance of two recessive alleles.

By analyzing these patterns in the pedigree, we can make inferences about the genotype of individuals exhibiting dominant phenotypes.

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A honeybee queen lays eggs that are hexagonal in shape. The eggs of a honeybee are of a rice grain size fertilized eggs become the females while the unfertilized eggs become drones.

The honeybees vary slightly in color but are generally brown with bands of dull yellow and brown on the abdomen. Hair is abundant on the head, thorax, and abdomen. The legs and eyes are covered in hair. They live in large colonies led by a single queen.

By the third day, the egg is laid upright and falls to the side. The queen bee will lay both a fertilized egg and a non-fertilized egg, and the fertilized egg will develop into a female bee or queen bee. The non-fertilized egg will hatch and a male bee is born, also known as a drone bee.

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The concepts of local, regional, and global pollution are useful both in consideration of atmospheric and oceanic transport because there are pollutant substances that spread in a local way while others may encompass extended regions.

Local pollution refers to all procedures that might contaminate a limited area such as a city or a lake, which may be avoided by recycling waste materials or avoiding the spread of residual water.

Conversely, regional pollution and global pollution affect longer-extended areas and these situations should be maintained by government policies in order to avoid harmful and or dangerous concerns (e.g. the scope of radioactive material).

Therefore, with this data, we can see that local, regional, and global pollution are useful concepts to develop measures to control different types of contaminants and pollutant substances that may affect the quality of life of people.

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Answer: buuu

Explanation:

Answer:

options B...C...D hope this helps

Explanation:

The following characteristics are displyed by primates:

B. binocular vision

C. vertical posture

D. variety of teeth

Primates are a group of mammals that includes lemurs, lorises, bushbabies, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes (including humans). Primates are characterized by several physical and behavioral traits, including:

Binocular vision: Primates have forward-facing eyes that allow them to see in three dimensions, which is useful for navigating through their environment and locating food.

Vertical posture: Most primates are able to stand and walk upright on two legs, which is known as a vertical posture. This trait is especially well-developed in humans, but is also present in other primates such as apes and some monkey species.

Variety of teeth: Primates have a diverse range of teeth that are adapted for different types of food, such as fruits, leaves, insects, and nuts.

Opposable thumbs: Most primates have opposable thumbs, which are thumbs that can touch the tips of the other fingers. This allows them to grasp objects and manipulate them with greater precision.

Social behavior: Many primates are social animals that live in large groups, and they often have complex communication and social systems.

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Scientists have classified the sea otter as a keystone species in communities along the Pacific coast of North America based on their ability to maintain a wide variety of other populations in the community by controlling the population of sea urchins.

The sea otter plays an important role in its ecosystem as a keystone species. Keystone species are essential to the balance of their ecosystem, and removing them can cause drastic changes. The sea otter is a keystone species because it helps maintain a balance of power between different members of the ecosystem in which it resides.

Sea otters feed on sea urchins, which are herbivorous invertebrates that can cause significant damage to the ecosystem. Sea urchins feed on kelp, which can be damaged by too many sea urchins. Sea otters help to control the sea urchin population by feeding on them, which in turn allows the kelp forest to thrive.

Therefore, sea otters play an important role in the health and survival of the kelp forest, as well as other species that rely on the kelp forest for food and shelter.

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Answer:

Force equals mass times acceleration.

Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass. This means that if you get pushed, the harder you are pushed, the faster you'll move (accelerate). The bigger you are, the slower you'll move.

Answer:

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Energy released during the reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Answer:

Main Difference – Mutation vs Variation

Mutation and variation are two simultaneous events involved in the process of evolution. The main difference between mutation and variation is that mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene whereas variation is any difference between individuals of a particular species. Mutations may arise due to environmental factors such as chemicals and UV. Germline mutations are inherited by the offspring. Somatic mutations occur in the ordinary body cells. Variation can occur due to mutations, genetic recombination, gene flow, genetic drift, random mating, random fertilization, and environmental factors. Variation may also cause evolution through natural selection.

Answer:

It is a genetic condition caused by a difference in how one or more of the light-sensitive cells found in the retina of the eye respond to certain colors. These cells, called cones, sense wavelengths of light, and enable the retina to distinguish between colors.

Explanation:

Answer: Mutations in the OPN1LW, OPN1MW, and OPN1SW genes. The proteins produced from these genes play essential roles in color vision. They are found in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

The image displays a food web consisting of various living organisms and is shown below:

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The measurements that could create more than one triangle are options C and option D.

Explanation: For a triangle to exist, the sum of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than the length of the third side.

In option C, the angles measuring 100°, 10°, and 70° do not satisfy this condition, as the sum of the angles 10° and 70° is less than 100°, making it impossible to form a triangle. However, by rearranging the angles, such as 10°, 70°, and 100°, we can create a valid triangle.

In option D, the angles measuring 110°, 40°, and 40° also violate the condition for a triangle, as the sum of the angles 40° and 40° is less than 110°. However, by rearranging the angles, such as 40°, 40°, and 110°, we can create a valid triangle.

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To solve the given problem, the Punnett square should first be constructed using the genotypes of the rabbit.

A chart called the Punnett square is used to forecast the genotype of a specific cross or breeding experiment. The likelihood that a child will have a specific genotype is calculated using the square. The likelihood that a specific trait, such eye color, would manifest in the progeny, can also be expressed using this term.

Genotypes are an organism's genetic make-up and are based on the alleles it possesses. These alleles can be dominant, recessive, or a combination of the two and are transferred from parents to children.

To construct the Punnett square for the possible genotypes of the offspring:

Put two bs in the top row since the male is bb. Put one B in the left column and one b in the right column since the female is Bb.

BB, bB

bb, bb

The Punnett square should then be filled in with all conceivable allele combinations. Since the male father has one B and one b, place a B and a b in the top left square. Because the female parent has one B and one b, place a b and a B in the top right square. As both parents have a b, put two bs in the bottom left square. Finally, as both parents have a b, put two bs in the bottom right square.

Next, figure out the phenotypic ratio. Because three of the offspring (BB, Bb, and bb) have the black fur allele and one of the offspring (BB) has the white fur allele, the ratio of black to white fur is 3:1. (bb).

Therefore, black fur rabbit = 75% and white fur rabbit = 25%

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The Punnett square must first be built using the rabbit's genotypes in order to address the challenge.

What is the Punnett square and how is it made?

To predict the genotype of a certain cross or breeding experiment, the Punnett square chart is utilized. The square is used to compute the odds that a child would have a particular genotype. This phrase can also be used to convey the possibility that a particular characteristic, such as eye color, would appear in the offspring.

Genotypes are based on the alleles that an organism has and define its genetic makeup. These alleles are passed down from parents to offspring and can be dominant, recessive, or a combination of the two.

In order to create a Punnett square for the potential genotypes of the progeny:

Since the male is bb, place two bs on the top row. Since the female is Bb, place one B in the left column and one b in the right column.

BB, bB

bb, bb

Then, all potential allele combinations should be inserted into the Punnett square. Put a B and a b in the top left square because the male father has a B and a b. In the top right square, put a b and a b as the female parent has a b and a b.

Put two bs in the bottom left square since both parents have the same letter. Finally, place two bs in the bottom right square since both parents have a b.

The phenotypic ratio should then be calculated. The ratio of black to white fur is 3:1 because three of the children (BB, Bb, and bb) have the black fur allele and one offspring (BB) has the white fur allele (bb).

Consequently, white fur rabbit equals 25% and black fur rabbit equals 75%.

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in order for the cells to acquire energy, they eliminate electrons from an energy source and eventually give them to the terminal electron acceptor.

Exergonic responses have a negative change in free energy though endergonic responses have a positive change in free energy.

Exergonic responses discharge energy, implying that the results of the response are more steady than the reactants. Interestingly, endergonic responses assimilate energy from the environmental elements. This implies that the items are less steady than the reactants.

In cells, the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the prompt wellspring of energy for an endergonic response. ATP gives suddenness and advances cell work by connecting exergonic to endergonic responses.

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Answer:

interphase.

The interval in the cell cycle between two cell divisions when the individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished, interphase was once thought to be the resting phase but it is far from a time of rest for the cell.

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Answer:

Manage our resources better.

Explanation:

We need to manage the resources in which we do not produce more garbage patches leading the ocean into higher percentage of "high seas" garbage.

Answer:  

Either carbon got here by diffusing from the atmosphere, by decomposing marine life, or from circulating water from the deep ocean.

The ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the land does.

The surface ocean takes in approximately 90 Gigatons of carbon per year.

Your welcome!

Explanation:

Answer:

Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.

Explanation:

The statement that is true about anaerobic respiration is:

Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.

Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, and it is a less efficient process than aerobic respiration in terms of ATP (energy) production. It is often used by microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria to break down organic molecules and produce energy in the absence of oxygen. This process is used in the commercial production of various food and drink products such as beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.

Anaerobic respiration does not prevent muscle fatigue, as it produces lactic acid which can contribute to muscle fatigue. It also does not generate a high yield of ATP compared to aerobic respiration. Finally, anaerobic respiration cannot provide energy to animals for several days in the absence of oxygen, as animals require oxygen to survive and obtain energy through cellular respiration.

Anaerobic respiration is often used commercially in the production of various products like beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese. This process takes place in the absence of oxygen, and while it generates less energy than aerobic respiration, it is still crucial for certain organisms.

The correct statement about anaerobic respiration is that it is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese. In the absence of oxygen, organisms use anaerobic respiration, which although produces less ATP compared to its counterpart— aerobic respiration, is essential for certain processes. For instance, yeast, involved in the production of bread, beer, and wine, performs anaerobic respiration, also known as fermentation, wherein energy is obtained from sugar in the absence of oxygen. Similarly, certain bacteria which aid in the production of yogurt and cheese, operate under anaerobic conditions.

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Answer: The formation of a phosphodiester bond between nucleotides provides directionality for the resulting nucleic acid strand. This is referred to as the 5'-3' direction, as the nucleic acid would grow from the 5' end of one sugar to the 3' end of another sugar.

Explanation:

The absolute zero is the temperature at which molecular motion ceases i.e translational kinetic of molecules become zero, but the molecules possess the potential energy, according to the Kinetic theory of gases. Thus, the absolute zero is not the zero energy temperature.

The chi-square test is used to prove independence between variables. X² = 71.2. Degrees of freedom = 3.

The chi-square test is a mathematical procedure used to evaluate if there is a significant difference between expected and observed results in one or more categories.

It is a non-parametric test to analyze the differences between categorical variables in the same population.

The test compares real data with expected data if the null hypothesis was true. In this way, the test determines if the difference between observed and expected data are by chance or if this difference is due to a relationship between the involved variables.

This independence test searches for the association between two variables in the same population. It determines the existence or not of independence between two variables.

To complete the table, first we need to get the expected values. Since we expect these genes to express complete dominance and be independent from each other, the phenotypic ratio expected here is 9:3:3:1.  

Expected values:

16 ------------------------------ 125

9 P-B- ----------------------X = 70.31

3 pp B- --------------------X = 23.44

3 P- bb --------------------X = 23.44

1 pp bb -------------------- X = 7.81

                                  Observed     Expected     O-E        (O-E)²      (O-E)²/E

Brown, Pea comb            38               70.31       -32.31   1043.93       14.84

Brown, Single comb        57               23.44      33.56   1126.27         48.05

White, Pea comb             20               23.44     -3-44       11.83           0.5

White, Single comb           0                 7.81       -7.81        61               7.81

Total                                 125                125                                          71.2

H₀ = Genes assort independently

H₁ = Genes are not independent

Chi-square, X² = Σ (O-E)²/E = 71.2

Degrees of freedom = n - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3

significance level = 0.05

p-value = 7.81

X² > p-value

71.2 > 7.81

X² > p-value, so there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Genes are not independent from each other. Differences between the observed and expected values are not by chance.

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Complete question

In chickens, a pea comb (P) is dominant over a single comb (p), and brown feathers (8) are dominant over white feathers (b). A brown chicken with a pea comb is mated with a white chicken with a single comb, producing heterozygous F1 offspring. These F1 chickens are then mated to each other and produce the F2.

                                  Observed     Expected     O-E        (O-E)²      (O-E)²/E

Brown, Pea comb            38                

Brown, Single comb        57            

White, Pea comb             20            

White, Single comb           0              

Total                                 125  

a) On your own paper, calculate the Chi-square value for this data set. Round the to two decimal places along the way, and enter the Chi-square value

b) How many degrees of freedom are in this data set?

Formation of new species or speciation as a result of geographic isolation is an example of allopatric speciation.

Speciation is the process by which new species are formed.

There are several types of speciation;

Allopatric speciation occurs when species which are isolated from one another by physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway causes new species to form as a result of inability to interbreed.

Therefore, geographic isolation which leads to speciation is an example of allopatric speciation.

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solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust.

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The hypothesis is a claim or prediction. If in Petri plates, contaminated with Penicillium notatum, bacteria are dead, then the fungus must be inhibiting bacteria growth and killing the existing ones.

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A hypothesis is a conjecture. A researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur. The hypothesis is a claim of how it works a relation between two or more variables. Usually, it is written in the present time.

According to Fleming's experiment and his accident in the lab, we can postulate the following hypothesis.

IF in Petri plates, contaminated with Penicillium notatum, bacteria are dead, THEN the fungus must be inhibiting bacteria growth and killing the existing ones.

Fleming observed that in plates where the fungus was growing, there were no bacteria. He compared these plates with the other ones with no fungi and saw that on the other plates bacteria were still alive. So he assumed that Penicillium notatum was causing the death of bacteria and inhibiting their growth.

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