The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the imposition of excessive bail or fines and Cruel and Unusual Punishment.
This Amendment is an important part of the Bill of Rights and guarantees individuals protection from excessive punishment. This amendment actually serves two distinct purposes. First, it prohibits excessive bail or fines from being levied on citizens, and second, it prohibits cruel and unusual punishments from being inflicted on citizens.
In particular, this Amendment has been used to protect individuals from cruel and unusual punishments in criminal cases, excessive fines in civil cases, and against high bail requirements. This Amendment ensures that punishments are not disproportionate to the severity of a crime and also prevents excessively high bail amounts which restrict the accused’s right to freedom.
This Amendment is an important check against the potential tyranny of government and ensures that all persons, no matter how wealthy, are subject to the same laws and have equal protection of rights.
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what is the most powerful way to create change in a democratic society?
Answer:
Explanation:
better call saul!
Answer: Voting
Explanation:
In a democratic society, the most influential things you can do are to vote and to peaceful protest. But if that doesn't work, you can just take after our stupid country (US) and riot, burning down cities, looting, and when that doesn't work, undermine the democracy and maybe start WW3 in the meantime.
8 Why are class characteristics important in a criminal trial? O A. They directly link a suspect to a crime with a high amount of certainty. OB. They are not left open to subjective interpretation by jury members. O C. They are used to identify physical and chemical properties of other evidence. OD. They help to corroborate the specific events and aspects of the crime.
Class characteristics are important in a criminal trial because They are used to identify the physical and chemical properties of other evidence. Thus the correct option is C.
What is Evidence?Evidence is referred to as proof based on factual information which helps to validate the occurrence of the event. It helps to determine whether the action took place or not by providing credentials.
The observable features of a sample that point to limited group sources refer to Class characteristics. These are characteristics of physical evidence that can only be attributed to a group and never to a single source.
Class evidence connects a category of individual citizens to a specific accused at a crime scene. When a suspect group doesn't meet the requirements set forth by the evidence, they can be eliminated.
Therefore, option C is appropriate.
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Which of the following employees is most likely eligible for unemployment insurance? A. Joe is fired for continually refusing to wear a hard hat in a restricted area in violation of company policy
B. Kathy quits her job because of a pervasive and continuing hostile environment
C. Mike quits his job as an English professor because he’s insulted that a new hire in management is getting a higher salary than he does
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
What parts of our lives are controlled by laws, rules and customs?
Answer:
political
Explanation:
because they controlled our laws rules and customs
Laws, Rules, and Customs control our political, social and economical parts of our lives.
Laws, Rules, and CustomsIn a develop society, where the classification and division of work and class is prominent, the need for rules and regulations become important. To maintain the class structure and to maintain "Civilized State" laws are necessary.
These laws, rules or customs affects almost every part of an individual's life. It affects their economical rights, their political rights and their social rights. Hence, Laws, Rules, and Customs controll our political, social and economical parts of our lives.
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Under the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act, if a lease does not state a clear expiration date, the lease is regarded as
Answer:
Hello. Under Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act, if the lease does not specify or make clear an expiration date, the lease will be regarded as: A tenancy from period-to-period.
Explanation:
Question does not ask for an explanation, so one will not be given. Have a nice day user.
To what extent should the US be involved in stabilizing and supporting democracies abroad?
By encouraging a sense of shared values and interests, understanding between Americans and people in other nations enhances U.S. national interests.
What can you say briefly about democracy?The English word democracy has its roots in the Greek words "demos" and "kratos," which mean "people" and "power," respectively. Democracy can be thought of as "power of the people" since it is a system of government that is founded on the will of the people.
What is the core principle of democracy?However, it is generally agreed that the fundamental idea of democracy originated at Athens in the fifth century B.C. The Webster New Encyclopaedic Dictionary defines democracy as a type of government in which the people themselves directly or indirectly wield absolute power through representation (1995).
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orange zest or star frost? PLEASE HELP I NEED IT
Answer:
Starfrost
Explanation:
<3
Answer:
Orange Zest
Explanation:
<3 ( ' o ')
Were prosecutors influenced in their decision by Mayweather's wealth and fame? Did Mayweather benefit from hiring expensive, prominent attorneys to defend him?
What is the name of the legal principle that "ensures that the judicial system is the same for every defendant?"
Answer:
Precedent is incorporated into the doctrine of stare decisis and requires courts to apply the law in the same manner to cases with the same facts. Some judges have stated that precedent ensures that individuals in similar situations are treated alike instead of based on a particular judge's personal views.
Explanation:
For an offender which option is an example of a formal sanction? A prison sentence declared by law authorities, suspicion coming from neighbors and friends, lack of trust shown by parent , or sarcastic remarks made by teacher
Answer: A prison sentence
Explanation: a formal sanction is any sanction by law and is enforced by an authoritative source.
The others would all be informal sanctions
Answer this question in at least 4 sentences.
14. Explain how a supreme court's ruling and precedents can change over
time. Be sure to identify who has the authority to establish a new
precedent, and provide an example of a precedent that changed.
Answer this question in at least 4 sentences.
A Supreme Court's ruling and precedents can change over time as the court reassesses and reinterprets the law in light of new social and legal developments. The Supreme Court has the authority to establish new precedents, through their decisions and rulings that set legal principles that must be followed by lower courts. A precedent can change when a new case is brought before the court, and the court reconsiders its previous ruling, or when the court's composition changes and new justices bring new perspectives to the court.
An example of a precedent that changed over time is the "separate but equal" doctrine. This doctrine, established in the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation as long as the separate facilities were equal in quality. However, in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, the court reversed this precedent and ruled that segregation in public schools was inherently unequal, and therefore unconstitutional.
What is the minimum age for anyone to be on the premises of a class ag (bar) permit at any time?
The minimum age for anyone to be on the premises of a Class A or Class G (bar) permit at any time is 21 years.
In many countries, the legal drinking age is 21, and this age restriction applies to entering the premises of establishments with Class A or Class G permits, commonly referred to as bars.
The legal drinking age varies by country, and in some cases, even within different regions of a country. However, for the purpose of this explanation, I will provide information based on the legal drinking age in the United States, as it is one of the most well-known examples.
In the United States, the legal drinking age is 21 years old. This means that individuals must be at least 21 years old to purchase, possess, or consume alcoholic beverages. Additionally, this age restriction also applies to entering the premises of establishments with Class A or Class G permits, which are typically bars or establishments where alcohol is served.
Class A permits are typically issued to establishments that primarily serve alcoholic beverages, while Class G permits are issued to businesses that serve alcohol, but it is not their primary focus. Regardless of the class of the permit, the minimum age requirement remains the same.
It is important to note that the legal drinking age and age restrictions for entering bars or establishments serving alcohol may vary in different countries or regions. Therefore, it is always advisable to consult the specific laws and regulations of the particular jurisdiction in question to obtain accurate and up-to-date information on age restrictions for entering bar premises.
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What is the difference between declaration and statement?
Answer:
A statement can be a clear expression of something in speech or writing.
Declaration formal or explicit statement or announcement.
The difference between a declaration and a statement is that a declaration is a written or oral indication of a fact, opinion, or belief while a statement is a declaration or remark.
What do you mean by Declaration?A declaration is a written statement, affirmed to be true under penalty of perjury by any person who has a thorough knowledge of the affairs of the court case.
A statement can be a clear expression of something in speech or writing.A declaration is an official or explicit statement or declaration.Thus, The difference between a declaration and a statement is that a declaration is a written or oral indication of a fact, on the other hand a statement is a declaration or remark.
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What change caused agencies like the pinkerton detective agency to reduce private policing efforts?
Reduced crime led tofewer criminals to apprehend
some states began requiring security licences
criminals began to attack the private force officers
decreases in pay made private policing less lucrative.
There were several changes that caused agencies like the Pinkerton Detective Agency to reduce private policing efforts
What change caused agencies like the pinkerton detective agency to reduce private policing efforts?Some states began requiring security licenses, which made it harder for private policing agencies to operate without meeting certain requirements and regulations.
Criminals began to attack private force officers, which made the job more dangerous and less appealing for potential hires.
Decreases in pay made private policing less lucrative, which led to fewer individuals being interested in pursuing a career in the industry.
The growth of public police forces also played a role, as they began to take on more responsibility for maintaining law and order, which reduced the demand for private policing services.
Overall, these factors contributed to a decline in the popularity and effectiveness of private policing agencies, leading many to reduce their efforts or go out of business entirely.
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which supreme court case incorporated the constitutional provision of the right to bear arms?
Which of the following is the lowest category for an offense resulting in the death of another person?
- Manslaughter
- Murder
- Capital murder
- Criminally negligent homicide
Answer:
Criminally negligent Homicide
Hope this helps
Explanation:
What did the system of the amendments do for the Constitution? Choose all that apply.
It gave states the opportunities to show disagreement with federal law.
It gave the states the right to apply or not apply the Bill of Rights.
It allows for updating with time and issues, but it does not change the original document.
It allowed for civil rights to be applied through the Bill of Rights.
Answer:
The answer is b and c
Explanation:
Just took the test
What is the first thing a forensic scientist should do when they see this evidence?
A.
Make a plaster mold of it.
B.
Scrape soil samples from it.
C.
Take a photograph of it.
D.
Draw a sketch of it.
The first thing a forensic scientist should do is take a photograph of the evidence for documentation and preservation. The correct option is c.
When a forensic scientist comes across evidence, the first thing they should do is take a picture of it. Photographs provide a visual record that can be referred to later in the investigation or during court proceedings, serving as essential documentation of the original condition and location of the evidence.
It guards against tampering with the evidence and maintains its integrity. Depending on the nature of the evidence and the investigation, forensic scientists can continue with other necessary procedures after the evidence has been properly photographed such as collecting samples, creating molds or making sketches.
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You are the legal advisor of a big advertising company, Clooney Ideas. They have a lot of clients and every month you get various Television Commercials (TVCs) ideas from the art director and concept writers to analyze and give legal clearance. This month the following concepts / idea were presented to you:
Idea # 1 (Japan Chai)
The TVC will show a skinny (thin) person fighting a wrestling match (kushti) at a village in interior Punjab. He is foiled miserably by his opponent (a big pahalwan). The skinny person is then approached by his friend who says “Japan cha sumo wrestler ki pehchan!” The skinny person has the tea and then immediately becomes a big fat sumo wrestler (like Yokozuna). In the next round he thrashes his opponent and wins. He is hailed by everyone in the village. In the last scene the skinny person says “Tussi bhi piyo! Sumo wrestler na banay to Rs. 1000 inam!”
Idea # 2 (Awami insect killer)
A person (famous cricketer Zameer Akram) is shown being bitten by mosquitos. He goes to a doctor and tells him that for some reason mosquitos love him. The doctor (who is the famous hero Fahad Khan wearing a lab coat) says, “Hum nay Awami insect spray, dus (10) patients per kiya, or 100% positive result raha!” In the next scene Zameer Akram is shown playing a night cricket match and all mosquitoes near him are falling dead immediately, a batsman who is about to face him also runs for his life like a mosquito. In the end Zameer Akram is shown holding Awami insect killer and saying “Awami mein hai Awam ki power!”
You are separately told by the makers of Awami insect killer that the 100% success rate is based on lab conditions i.e. the patients were exposed to rare breed of mosquitos found in Africa only. The spray will have very little effect on mosquitos found in Pakistan.
Idea # 3 (Dosti chewing gum)
A group of 6 friends will be shown in the first scene who are sitting idle and getting bored in a university. All of a sudden one of the friends pops out a box of dosti chewing gum and gives it to all of them. After eating the chewing gum, all of them get energized, start to run around, three friends are shown flying in the sky with wings. One of them is riding a flying horse. Two of the friends are shown getting on a rocket and flying to space. In the last scene all friends shout collectively “Dosti chewing gum is so friendly!”
Idea 4 (Afridi whitening cream)
In the first scene, three African Americans are shown trying to give trials for the Chinese basketball team. However, due to their skin tone they are rejected despite having exceptional skills. They go home depressed.
In the next scene their Pakistani friend comes to their place and says “You can be as fair as me, apply Afridi whitening cream for 30 days, if you don’t become fair, you three can win a ticket to Hawaii”
The three basket players are then shown using the Afridi whitening cream and growing fairer each day. Eventually all three of them turn into famous, Pakistani actors. They appear for basketball trials again and are selected for the Chinese team.
At the end of the TVC a voice over says, “Afridi whitening cream, world’s number 1 whitening cream”
Q-1 Discuss the legal implication for each of the above ideas. In particular, which ideas (from a legal perspective) are the best and the worst?
Q-2 Please elaborate how will you change the ideas to cover the legal risks involved.
Answer:
You are the legal advisor of a big advertising company, Clooney Ideas. They have a lot of clients and every month you get various Television Commercials (TVCs) ideas from the art director and concept writers to analyze and give legal clearance. This month the following concepts / idea were presented to you:
Idea # 1 (Japan Chai)
The TVC will show a skinny (thin) person fighting a wrestling match (kushti) at a village in interior Punjab. He is foiled miserably by his opponent (a big pahalwan). The skinny person is then approached by his friend who says “Japan cha sumo wrestler ki pehchan!” The skinny person has the tea and then immediately becomes a big fat sumo wrestler (like Yokozuna). In the next round he thrashes his opponent and wins. He is hailed by everyone in the village. In the last scene the skinny person says “Tussi bhi piyo! Sumo wrestler na banay to Rs. 1000 inam!”
Idea # 2 (Awami insect killer)
A person (famous cricketer Zameer Akram) is shown being bitten by mosquitos. He goes to a doctor and tells him that for some reason mosquitos love him. The doctor (who is the famous hero Fahad Khan wearing a lab coat) says, “Hum nay Awami insect spray, dus (10) patients per kiya, or 100% positive result raha!” In the next scene Zameer Akram is shown playing a night cricket match and all mosquitoes near him are falling dead immediately, a batsman who is about to face him also runs for his life like a mosquito. In the end Zameer Akram is shown holding Awami insect killer and saying “Awami mein hai Awam ki power!”
You are separately told by the makers of Awami insect killer that the 100% success rate is based on lab conditions i.e. the patients were exposed to rare breed of mosquitos found in Africa only. The spray will have very little effect on mosquitos found in Pakistan.
Idea # 3 (Dosti chewing gum)
A group of 6 friends will be shown in the first scene who are sitting idle and getting bored in a university. All of a sudden one of the friends pops out a box of dosti chewing gum and gives it to all of them. After eating the chewing gum, all of them get energized, start to run around, three friends are shown flying in the sky with wings. One of them is riding a flying horse. Two of the friends are shown getting on a rocket and flying to space. In the last scene all friends shout collectively “Dosti chewing gum is so friendly!”
Idea 4 (Afridi whitening cream)
In the first scene, three African Americans are shown trying to give trials for the Chinese basketball team. However, due to their skin tone they are rejected despite having exceptional skills. They go home depressed.
In the next scene their Pakistani friend comes to their place and says “You can be as fair as me, apply Afridi whitening cream for 30 days, if you don’t become fair, you three can win a ticket to Hawaii”
The three basket players are then shown using the Afridi whitening cream and growing fairer each day. Eventually all three of them turn into famous, Pakistani actors. They appear for basketball trials again and are selected for the Chinese team.
At the end of the TVC a voice over says, “Afridi whitening cream, world’s number 1 whitening cream”
Q-1 Discuss the legal implication for each of the above ideas. In particular, which ideas (from a legal perspective) are the best and the worst?
Q-2 Please elaborate how will you change the ideas to cover the legal risks involved.
Carlos agrees to transport a valuable painting from London to Liverpool for Danesh, for a fee of £500. The painting is required urgently, for an upcoming exhibition. The day before the painting is to be transported, the only airline flying from London has a problem with its jets, and all flights will be grounded for a week. This is the first time such a serious problem has ever happened with this airline. The only alternative for Carlos is to pay for a private chartered flight for the painting, or transport it by road. Both of these options will cost more than £1000. Danesh claims that the extra costs are Carlos’ problem, and that he will sue Carlos for breach of contract if the painting is not delivered on time. Carlos says that the contract has now been frustrated, and a new contract must be negotiated. Who is right?
Carlos is right as the contract was frustrated, not by Carlos or Danesh, but by the failure of the Airline to fly.
What is contract frustration?Contract frustration refers to the breach of contract for non-performance without the fault of either party to the contract.
This implies that the obliging party cannot perform and fulfill the contractual obligations because of the occurrence of a fundamental event, making it impracticable or impossible.
Thus, Carlos is right as the contract was frustrated, not by Carlos or Danesh, but by the failure of the Airline to fly, thereby necessitating the formation of a new contract.
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What is meant by gateway substances? What is one example of a gateway substance? What is wrong with assuming that using a gateway substance causes an increased use of other substances?
A gateway substance is an innocuous substance (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana) that leads to cocaine/meth use/dependence.
Most individuals who take "gateway" drugs don't get hooked to cocaine/heroin/meth. Instead than "gateway drugs" causing subsequent drug use, they should be seen as an early signal of deviant behavior caused by other risk factors.
This is further explained below.
What is meant by gateway substances?Generally, A gateway substance is a substance that, on its own, is relatively safe (such as alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana), but that will ultimately lead to the use of stronger drugs, such as cocaine or methamphetamine, and even reliance on those harder substances.
The assumption that the use of gateway substances causes increased use in other substances is problematic for a number of reasons, the most significant of which is that the vast majority of people who do use these so-called "gateway substances" do not go on to become addicted to cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine.
In conclusion, Instead of seeing "gateway drugs" as the causes of eventual drug use, we should view them as early indicators of fundamentally antisocial conduct that is the outcome of other risk factors.
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What are your thoughts on this interview? Does Richard Clarke have a point when discussing breaking the Department of Homeland Security into multiple departments? If you had to make the decision to split the Department of Homeland Security or keep it the same, which would you choose?
1. Richard Clarke does not have a point when he discussed breaking the Department of Homeland Security into multiple departments because what this achieves is increased departmentalization.
2. I would not split the Department of Homeland Security into multiple departments. Rather, I would split the department into operational units to manage the various threats that the United States faces while keeping the department as one.
What are the goals of the Department of Homeland Security?The Department of Homeland Security, created after the 9/11 attacks, to strengthen the security architecture of the nation at home, has the responsibility to pursue the following security goals:
Prevent terrorismEnhance securitySecure and manage U.S. bordersEnforce and administer U.S. immigration laws.Under these broad goals, the Department of Homeland Security oversees the national security of the United States from numerous threats.
Some of the direct responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security include:
Border securityAviation securityCountering terrorismEmergency responseChemical facility inspectionIT and cybersecurity securityNatural disaster planning and response.Thus, instead of discussing splitting the Department of Homeland Security into multiple departments, Richard Clarke should look at ways to strengthen and empower the department to achieve its goals.
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With which statement would Howard Becker be MOST likely to agree?
A.
Deviant behavior is a requirement for society to function.
B.
Most people will practice conformity or rebellion at one time in their lives.
C.
Biology is the biggest factor in determining someone’s likelihood of performing deviant acts.
D.
Deviant behavior exists only because people have decided to define it as deviant.
Howard Becker be most likely to agree that A. Deviant behavior is a requirement for society to function.
What is Deviant behavior according to Howard Becker?Howard Becker serves as a social creation whereby social groups give room for deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance.
This rules are been applied to particular people and they will be labeled as outsiders.
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a courts decision establishes what type of law?
Answer:
The law that has been evolved from the decisions made in appellate courts and judicial precedent, is known as common law or sometimes as case law. The common law system gives pre-eminence to the common law, as it considers unfair to treat the same facts in a different manner in different situations.
Examine the role of collective bargaining in achieving the fair Collective Labour Agreement (CLA) which benefits both the employer and employees/ worker in Sultanate of Oman. Justify your answer with a suitable case study pertaining to International Labour organization.
Collective bargaining plays a crucial role in achieving fair Collective Labour Agreements (CLAs) that benefit both employers and workers in the Sultanate of Oman.
Collective bargaining aids in establishing fair wages, working conditions and benefits by enabling employees to bargain with employers. The work done in Oman by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the General Federation of Bahrain Trade Unions (GFBTU) is a noteworthy case study illustrating the value of collective bargaining.
The GFBTU successfully negotiated for better pay, more favorable working conditions and increased job security for employees across a range of industries through collective bargaining. This situation serves as an example of how collective bargaining can encourage an equitable and cooperative relationship between employers and employees ensuring fair results and fostering a positive work environment in Oman.
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which of the following reasons best supports the conclusion of the courts in leichtman v. wlw jacor communications, inc. that smoke can be offensive contact under battery
The best reason that supports the conclusion of the courts in Leichtman v. WLW Jacor Communications, Inc. that smoke can be offensive contact under battery was based on two main factors intent and offensiveness.
Leichtman v. WLW Jacor Communications, Inc. is a court case that took place in Ohio in 1996.
The case involved a woman, Leichtman, who was exposed to secondhand smoke while working at a radio station owned by WLW Jacor Communications. Leichtman suffered from asthma and claimed that the smoke aggravated her condition, causing her physical harm.
She sued the radio station for battery, among other claims. In this case, the court found that the smoke could be considered offensive contact under the tort of battery. The court based its decision on:
1. The intent to cause harmful or offensive contact. The court determined that the radio station knew or should have known that the smoke would cause harm or offense to Leichtman.
2. The court found that the smoke was highly offensive or objectionable to a reasonable person in Leichtman's position. The court determined that the smoke interfered with Leichtman's use and enjoyment of her workplace and was a substantial and unreasonable interference with her personal space.
Based on these factors, the court concluded that the smoke could be considered offensive contact under battery. This decision was significant because it recognized that secondhand smoke could be considered a form of harmful or offensive contact in certain circumstances, even if there was no physical contact between the parties.
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according to the virginia slave code of 1680, what punishment was allowed against escaped african slave who was committing injuries to the inhabitants and resisting lawfull authority?
As per the Viirginia Slave Code of 1680, it is to be ascertained that the African slaves who were caught after running away were punished through the acts of physical punishment, such as whipping.
The slaves were heavily punished in the American society, especially during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The African slaves often tried to run away from their work for seeking better life opportunities. However, if slaves were caught running, they had to undergo physical punishments from their owners or the masters, under the provisions of the Slave Code of 1680.
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If a proposed amendment violates the Constitution, should the Supreme Court be able to block its ratification? Provide 2 main points
Answer:
no
Explanation:
The Supreme Court would be violating their constitutional separation of powers if they tried to block a new amendment to the Constitution.
Please answer all of theses Will give brainly if correct
Answer:
one's dysfunctional(D) and the other is functional(F). just kidding!
D is an "out of hand" fight where both members are yelling. F is a controlled fight that both members of the conflict are both calm and are both calmly discussing solutions to the conflict.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a major predictor of future incarceration?
Childhood trauma
Personal deficiency
Motivation
None of the above
Answer:
It's C, Motivation