Has anyone done aqa a level biological molecules exampro exam paper

The planets in order of increasing overall density from lowest to highest are: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Mercury.

Overall, the ranking of planets in terms of increasing overall density is: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Mercury.

Learn more about Planets here:

https://brainly.com/question/29765555

#SPJ11

Answer:

politics,imigration

Explanation:

welcome

The following statements about the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are true:

1. It promotes the degradation of proteins that regulate M-phase.

2. It tags cyclin with ubiquitin, so it gets sent to the proteasome.

3. It promotes the breakdown of cohesins.

4. Its activity is stimulated by M-Cdk.

Thus, the correct options are A, B, E, and F.

The anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that orchestrates cell cycle progression by mediating the degradation of important cell cycle regulators. The statements above are accurate because the APC plays a crucial role in regulating the progression of the cell cycle, specifically during the M-phase (mitosis). It promotes the degradation of key proteins, helps break down cohesins to separate sister chromatids, and is regulated by the M-Cdk complex.

Thus, the correct options are A, B, E, and F.

Learn more about anaphase-promoting complex (APC): https://brainly.com/question/32190572

#SPJ11

Nervous system is in charge of transmitting signals to the body and operates basic functions like breathing and digestion.

The nervous system is an intricate web of nerves and cells that relays information between the brain and spinal cord and numerous body components. Each organ system, including the digestive, immunological, and cardiovascular systems, can effectively communicate with one another if these nerves are functioning properly.

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system make up the nervous system (PNS). The brain and spinal cord make up the CNS, whereas the somatic and autonomic nervous systems make up the PNS. The neuron, the fundamental building block of the nervous system, is a specialized conducting cell that relays electrochemical nerve impulses from the brain to the rest of the nervous system.

to know more about nervous system check the link given below:

brainly.com/question/3239081

#SPJ1

Basic bodily processes like breathing and digestion are controlled by the nervous system, which is also in charge of sending messages to the body.

Information is transmitted between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts via the nervous system, which is a complex network of nerves and cells. If these nerves are working normally, each organ system, including the digestive, immune, and cardiovascular systems, can efficiently communicate with one another.

The nervous system is made up of the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS and PNS) (PNS). The somatic and autonomic nerve systems make up the PNS, whereas the brain and spinal cord comprise the CNS. The basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, is a specialized conducting cell that carries electrochemical nerve impulses from the brain to the rest of the nervous system.

to know more about nervous system check the link given below:

brainly.com/question/3239081

#SPJ1

Smooth muscles are not capable of providing cardiac muscle function. This is due to the structural and functional differences between cardiac and smooth muscles. The heart muscle (cardiac muscle) is myogenic. This means that it can contract and relax on its own.

As a result, cardiac muscle can form electrical impulses, which are responsible for heart contractions, without outside stimulation. Calcium ions are also involved in cardiac muscle contractions, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle has a more complicated arrangement than that of smooth muscle. The rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles result from the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic neural and hormonal signals.

As a result, they do not have the ability to work independently in the same way that cardiac muscle does. Therefore, smooth muscles are incapable of providing cardiac muscle function because their functions and structures are vastly different.

You can learn more about cardiac muscle at: brainly.com/question/14855534

#SPJ11

Femininity and fertility are influenced by the three primary reproductive hormones, estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone.

The female reproductive system and secondary sex traits are developed and regulated by a class of gender hormones called oestrogens or oestrogens.

Menopause starts when a woman's ovaries are largely devoid of eggs. Menopause is a time when a woman's menstrual cycles stop, her ovaries stop producing hormones, and she loses her ability to get pregnant.

Oestrogen and testosterone are the two primary reproductive hormones. Once a female reaches puberty, oestrogen induces the eggs in her ovaries to develop.

These are then periodically secreted throughout the menstrual cycle. Males that take testosterone have increased sperm production.

Thus, the one hormone that directly influence the reproductivity of female is estrogen.

For more details regarding reproductive system, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14235396

#SPJ1

Answer:

false

Explanation:

aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.

Answer:

The answer is Actually True!

Explanation:

Sometimes, clusters of small earthquakes called foreshock sequences come in the days or weeks before a large earthquake. Less often, seismologists have observed a process called nucleation, where the rate of slip along a fault ramps up gradually before an earthquake. Hope this helps!!!

Answer:

The xylem

Explanation:

The xylem in the stem transports water and minerals from the ground up the plants, and into cells in the leaves so that photosynthesis can be carried out.

The organ of auditory transduction is called the cochlea. It is a fluid-filled tube located in the inner ear. It works by transforming auditory vibrations into neural activity.

The cochlea is a part of the inner ear that is a fluid-filled tube and has sensory receptors that respond to sound waves. The human cochlea is 3.5 cm long and coiled up like a snail shell.The cochlea has three fluid-filled compartments, including the scala vestibuli, the scala media, and the scala tympani. The cochlea is an organ that detects sound and sends signals to the brain through the auditory nerve. The cochlea's hair cells are responsible for transducing sound waves into neural signals, which are then sent to the brain for processing. The cochlea's hair cells are ciliated and react to different sound frequencies, allowing us to perceive various sounds of different frequencies.

The hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system located in the cochlea. The hair cells in the cochlea convert mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. They are responsible for transducing sound waves into neural signals. They are called hair cells because they have tiny hair-like projections on their surface.The cilia on the hair cells vibrate when sound waves strike them, which then releases a chemical neurotransmitter that excites the auditory nerve, generating electrical signals. The hair cells have a limited ability to regenerate and can be damaged by excessive noise, infections, aging, or certain medications.

More on cochlea: https://brainly.com/question/29236165

#SPJ11

Should you vent the mixing increases the evaporation of volatile organic solvents creating pressure in the closed space of a separatory funnel.

To learn more about separatory funnel.
brainly.com/question/14504717
#SPJ1

Answer:

Exponential

Explanation:

reference the shape of the graph

Answer:

IGCSE**

u can just go through the book

In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in step a, which is called "anaphase I," and four haploid nuclei are formed in step b, which is called "cytokinesis II."

During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes, which consist of one chromosome from each parent, separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each resulting cell receives only one copy of each chromosome pair.

Anaphase I is a crucial step in meiosis as it ensures the distribution of genetic material between the daughter cells is randomized and contributes to genetic diversity.

Following anaphase I, the cell enters cytokinesis II, the second stage of cell division in meiosis. Cytokinesis II involves the physical separation of the two cells formed after anaphase I, resulting in the formation of four haploid nuclei, each containing a single set of chromosomes.

These nuclei go on to further undergo a process called "telophase II" to form four distinct haploid cells, known as gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction.

To learn more about meiosis, click on:

brainly.com/question/7002092

#SPJ11

The correct answer is D. Phosphorylation and the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are two forms of synaptic plasticity that occur in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is an area of the brain associated with learning and memory.

During LTP, there is an increase in the strength of the synaptic connection between neurons. This process involves the activation of certain signaling pathways, including the phosphorylation of proteins, particularly those involved in the trafficking and insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. The increased number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors leads to enhanced synaptic transmission, resulting in stronger and more efficient communication between neurons.

To know more about postsynaptic:- https://brainly.com/question/7213012

#SPJ11

Answer:following a hierarchy

Explanation:

The order is as follows:

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is a crucial process for the growth, development, and repair of living organisms. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In multicellular organisms, cell division also plays a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration. Disruptions in the normal process of cell division can lead to the development of diseases such as cancer.

Learn more about cell division, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29773280

#SPJ1

The Climatic, Economic, Physical, and Traditional Factors other are the settlement in Western Europe.

In order to higher categorize which elements in the long run have an effect on agreement, geographers have usually typical 4 umbrella phrases to explain those elements: climatic, economic, physical, and traditionalThe 4 foremost sorts of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed.

Urban settlements are densely populated and are generally non-agricultural. They are referred to as towns or metropolises and are the maximum populated form of agreement. These settlements absorb the maximum land, resources, and services.The 3 foremost styles of agreement are linear, scattered, and clustered.

Read more about settlement;

https://brainly.com/question/20380597

#SPJ4

1. Open ocean ecosystems include hydrothermal vent communities in the deep ocean bottom. 2. Intertidal ecosystems are rocky shorelines that are home to sea stars, mussels, crabs, and anemones and experience fluctuating water levels.
3. Coral reef ecosystems are being affected by the process of ocean acidification, which threatens their long-term survival.
4. Kelp forest ecosystems are characterized by floating brown algae that provide food and shelter for a diversity of animals.
5. Estuary ecosystems occur where fresh water from rivers mixes with saltier marine waters to produce a highly productive ecosystem with varying salinity.
6. Salt marsh ecosystems are dominated by salt-tolerant grasses and shrubs and occur on the coast at temperate latitudes.

1. Ecosystems include hydrothermal vent communities in the deep ocean bottom - Open ocean.
2. Rocky shorelines that are home to sea stars, mussels, crabs, and anemones and experience fluctuating water levels are Intertidal ecosystems.
3. Coral reef ecosystems are being affected by the process of ocean acidification, which threatens their long-term stability.
4. Floating brown algae that provide food and shelter for a diversity of animals characterize Kelp forest ecosystems.
5. Estuary ecosystems occur where fresh water from rivers mixes with saltier marine waters to produce a highly productive ecosystem with varying salinity.
6. Salt-tolerant grasses and shrubs dominate Salt marsh ecosystems, which occur on the coast at temperate latitudes.

Learn more about cystic fibrosis here.

brainly.com/question/7618757

#SPJ11

Answer:

temperature and pressure

Explanation:

i had a quiz on it

Answer:

Temperature and Pressure

Explanation:

:)

Answer:neither

Explanation: Because none of the CJ bacteria were green the DNA was not sent.

Neither Salmonella nor E. Coli send genes to CJ bacteria.

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that causes the disease of food poisoning. This bacteria is present in the intestine of both humans and animals and often spread through the feces.

E.coli is another type of bacteria that normally grow in the human intestine. Usually this bacteria is harmless, but some strains is responsible of causing diarrhea and pneumonia.

Cj bacteria is another type of bacteria that is commonly present in the poultry. This bacteria grow in the digestive tract of many birds. According to the given data, the hypothesis is correct, it is neither salmonella nor E.coli sends gene to cj bacteria so we can conclude that salmonella nor E. Coli send genes to the cj bacteria.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/21058214

Answer:

S phase

Explanation:

Answer:

Endocytosis and exocytosis are cellular processes that play a role in the transfer of an action potential (electrical impulse) from one neuron to another.

Endocytosis is the process by which a neuron takes in molecules or particles from the extracellular environment by forming a vesicle around them. In the context of the transfer of an action potential, endocytosis is important for the reuptake of neurotransmitters, which are the chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. By reuptaking neurotransmitters, the neuron can regulate the amount of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between the neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Exocytosis is the process by which a neuron releases molecules or particles into the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicle with the plasma membrane. In the context of the transfer of an action potential, exocytosis is important for the release of neurotransmitters, which are the chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it triggers the exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitters, which then bind to receptors on the next neuron, generating a new action potential.

In summary, endocytosis and exocytosis play a role in the transfer of an action potential by regulating the amount of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, and releasing them in response to action potential respectively.

Directional selection shifts the population towards an extreme phenotype, while stabilizing selection keeps the average phenotype the same and disruptive selection causes oscillating patterns in the phenotype.

The kind of selection with its effect on population phenotypes are as follows :

Cluster the population around an intermediate phenotype: stabilizing selection

Shifts the average phenotype towards an extreme: directional selection

Causes oscillating patterns in the phenotype: disruptive selection

Keeps the average phenotype the same while pushing towards more extreme phenotypes: diversifying selection

Type of selection and its effect on population phenotypes:

Stabilizing selection: This is a type of natural selection that operates to maintain the status quo and keep the population around an intermediate phenotype. It selects against individuals with extreme phenotypes and favors those with average or intermediate phenotypes. Stabilizing selection results in a reduction of genetic diversity in the population over time, as the extreme phenotypes are eliminated from the gene pool.

Directional selection: In this type of natural selection, there is a shift in the average phenotype towards an extreme. This occurs when individuals with a particular phenotype are favored over others, causing their frequency in the population to increase. Over time, this can lead to a change in the genetic makeup of the population, as the favored phenotype becomes more common.

Disruptive selection: This type of natural selection favors extreme phenotypes at the expense of intermediate phenotypes. It can lead to the formation of distinct subgroups within a population, with each group exhibiting a different phenotype. Over time, disruptive selection can increase genetic diversity in the population, as the extreme phenotypes become more prevalent.

Diversifying selection: This type of natural selection maintains genetic diversity by selecting for multiple phenotypes within a population. It keeps the average phenotype the same while pushing towards more extreme phenotypes. Diversifying selection can occur when a population is exposed to different environmental conditions or when there are multiple selective pressures acting on the population. This can result in the formation of multiple subgroups within the population, each adapted to a specific environment or selective pressure.

To know more about the population phenotypes refer here :

https://brainly.com/question/28474179#

#SPJ11

DNA is 99.9% identical from person to person as individual although 0.1% difference doesn't sound like a lot it actually represents millions of different locations within the genome where variation can occur.

DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms the molecule inside cells that contain the genetic information responsible and function of an organism.

DNA is a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller chemical molecules called nucleotide bases such as:

Therefore DNA is 99.9% identical for individual its  a hereditary material in human and almost all other organisms.

Learn more about DNA here: brainly.com/question/2131506

#SPJ1

At the end of meiosis II and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. Meiosis II is the second division of meiosis and it follows meiosis I. During meiosis II, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other, resulting in the production of haploid daughter cells.

The process of meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, each consisting of different stages. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in a process called crossing over. The chromosomes are then separated, resulting in the production of two haploid daughter cells that each contain a mix of genetic material from both parents.

In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other. This results in the production of four haploid daughter cells, each containing a single set of chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. These haploid daughter cells can then go on to participate in sexual reproduction, combining with another haploid cell to form a new, genetically diverse individual.

To know more about cytokinesis click here:

https://brainly.com/question/10606931

#SPJ11

At the end of Telophase I and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. At the end of Telophase II and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each exist independently.

The question is asking about the specific stages in meiosis where haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. At the end of Telophase I and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. This happens because during Telophase I, chromosome pairs reach the poles of the cell, and the cytoplasm divides. Each resulting haploid cell, therefore, has the half number of chromosomes, and each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. On the other hand, at the end of Telophase II and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each exist independently, not as sister chromatids, because during Anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate.

https://brainly.com/question/32192580

#SPJ12

When using images and graphs to express the results of a research, both of them should express the same information to make their interpretation easier. Option A is the one that best models the waves in the four locations.

There are different ways in which a researcher can correctly express the results of an experiment or research. It can be done by using images, tables, graphs, diagrams, etcetera.

Usually, combinations of one or more are used to express the same results in order to make it easier to make interpretations (for instance, tables and charts). In these cases, the same data must be expressed in all of them, so the interpretation is coherent.

In any case, there must always be a reference to what is being shown, so the persons looking at the image, chart, or table, get to know what they are looking at.

For instance, in the exposed example we can see the satellite image of ocean surfaces on Earth at different locations.

To get to understand this image by itself, we need references. These are given below in the sea surface height anomaly gradient.

This gradient explains the change in height from the lowest height -the darkest color that reflects -50 cm-, to the highest height -white expresses 50 cm-.

Letters A, B, C, and D are references to the locations that were considered.

If we want to make a graph with this same information, we need to make a good interpretation of the image and then reflect it in the graph.

In the exposed example, graph A is the one that best reflects the information provided in the image but is not entirely correct.

Image

The graph must express the change in water surface height. This change is expressed in the Y ax of the chart.

Probably the X ax represents normal heights.

According to the information,

Graph A is the one that best represents this information.

You can learn more about different ways to expose results at

https://brainly.com/question/24503747

https://brainly.com/question/15148699

#SPJ1

Answer:

the secone option

Explanation:

i just need one more brainliest thanks<3

Answer: The third one

Explanation: It is the third one because scientist have been talking about how there are billions of galaxy's in our universe.    

The statement which is true regarding asexual reproduction is the last one, which says that the offspring are clones of the parents. This is because this process only takes part the genetic pool from one parent, not from two, as occurs in sexual reproduction. Here (in asexual reproduction), the process that occurs is mitosis, that is a replication of the parent information, and it's found in organisms like bacteria (by binary fission), and only in a few animals, as geckos, that reproduce themselves without a mate by parthenogenesis.