glioblastoma cells require glutamate dehydrogenase to survive impairments of glucose metabolism or akt signaling.
Answers
Glioblastoma is an aggressive type of brain cancer characterized by rapid growth and resistance to treatment. Glioblastoma cells are known to exhibit alterations in their metabolic pathways, including impaired glucose metabolism. In such conditions, glioblastoma cells may rely on alternative metabolic pathways to sustain their survival and growth.
One such pathway involves the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). GDH is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate, which is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle. The TCA cycle is a central pathway in cellular metabolism that generates energy and provides building blocks for various cellular processes. Impairments in glucose metabolism or Akt signaling, which is involved in cell growth and survival, can disrupt the normal energy production and metabolic processes in glioblastoma cells. In these circumstances, glioblastoma cells have been observed to upregulate GDH activity as an adaptive response to maintain their energy and biosynthetic requirements. By upregulating GDH, glioblastoma cells can utilize glutamate as an alternative fuel source to replenish the TCA cycle and generate energy.
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Related Questions
what molecule makes the trunk of a tree sturdy
Answers
Answer:
Cellulose
Explanation:
trunk is the main axis of a tree that supports the branches and is supported by roots. Cellulose makes it sturdy. Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping them to remain stiff and upright.
Answer:
Cellulose, that is the molecule that makes a tree sturdy.
Explanation:
Water will always move from ________ areas to ________ areas, if the membrane is permeable to water.
Answers
Water will always move from hypotonic areas to hypertonic areas, if the membrane is permeable to water.
Osmosis refers to the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. It is a physical process that aids in maintaining the appropriate water balance within cells.The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is critical for a variety of physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and homeostasis. Osmosis is also responsible for the turgidity and stability of plant cells, allowing them to stand upright.When water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration, it is known as osmosis. The term "osmotic pressure" refers to the pressure exerted by water molecules as they pass through a semipermeable membrane in response to osmotic gradients.
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A new microbe has been discovered in the rumen of sheep. Microscopy shows no evidence of a nuclear membrane and biochemical studies of the cell wall demonstrate the lack of peptidoglycan. Metabolic studies show that this microbe generates methane. This microbe would most likely be classified in ______.
Answers
Since it has no nucleus it's most likely a prokaryote
A new microbe discovered in the rumen of sheep that generates methane, shows no evidence of a nuclear membrane, and biochemical studies demonstrate the lack of peptidoglycan. Such type of microbes is likely to be classified in Archaea.
Archaea is a group of single-celled microorganisms that were first discovered in 1977. Archaea are similar to bacteria and eukaryotes, but they are unique in that they thrive in harsh environmental conditions like extreme heat, high salt levels, and acid environments.
Some archaea can also generate methane gas, similar to the microbe in the given description. Hence, the given microbe that generates methane, shows no evidence of a nuclear membrane, and biochemical studies demonstrate the lack of peptidoglycan would most likely be classified in Archaea.
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PLEASE HELP!!!!
Question: A marine biologist is testing the hypothesis that cold water promotes the growth of corals. Which of the following study designs may yield the most conclusive results?
A.) Two study sites with stable differing water temperatures, similar water nutrient profiles, and similar coral communities growing at different depths
B.) Two study sites with fluctuating water temperatures, similar coral communities growing at similar depths, with similar water nutrient profiles
C.) Two study sites with the same temperature profile, different coral communities growing at different depths, with different water nutrient profiles
D.) Two study sites with stable differing water temperatures, similar coral communities growing at similar depths, with similar water nutrient profiles
Answers
The statement that reveals the best study designs and may yield the most conclusive results is as follows:
Two study sites with stable differing water temperatures, similar water nutrient profiles, and similar coral communities growing at different depths.Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Hypothesis?In experimental biology, the hypothesis may be defined as a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables or a proposed explanation for some observed phenomenon. It is basically an assumption that is made based on some evidence.
According to the context of this question, the hypothesis that best demonstrates the most conclusive results for the above experiment is the stable differing water temperatures, similar water nutrient profiles, and similar coral communities growing at different depths. This is because the depths of the coral may vary with respect to the nutrients available in an aquatic ecosystem.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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list one part of the cell theory in your own words, explain what it means
Answers
One part of the cell theory is that pre-existing cells can form more cells
This means that cells that currently exist are capable of creating more cells, however it’s a slow process
which type of reaction has a high reaction rate
Answers
can u name off the diffrent reactions?
Science
Teacher View
Q3.What are the two products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and Water
Carbon dioxide and Water
Glucose and Water
Oxygen and Glucose
Answers
Answer:
oxygen and glucose
Explanation:
it is oxygen and glucose pog
in marine ecosystems, most photosynthesis takes place near the surface because __________.
Answers
Answer:
the sun
Explanation:
Answer: the light can get to the photosynthesizing organisms easier than it could if they were deeper in the water.
Which genotype is not possible in the offspring produced by the cross
Answers
Answer:
Aagg is not a possible for the outcome because there is only one g allele.
If 34 percent of the bases in a DNA molecule are adenines, then which of the
following is true?
O Thirty-four percent of the bases in the molecule will be thymines
Thirty-four percent of the bases n the molecule will be cytosines
Sixty-six percent of the molecule will be deoxyribose sugars.
Sixty-six percent of the molecule will be phosphate.
Answers
Answer:
34 percent will be thymine since the amount of thymine corresponds with the amount of adenine.
at which stage of the cell cycle could you see sister chromatids with a microscope?
Answers
Answer:
Metaphase
Explanation:
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the center axis of the cell, called the metaphase plate, and attach to the spindle fibers. Since the chromosomes have already duplicated, they are called sister chromatids.
there you go
Which statement accurately describes dark matter? It is the same as dark energy. It is well understood by scientists. It does not emit electromagnetic radiation. It can be observed by shifts in red and blue light.
Answers
Answer:
Dark matter does not emit electromagnetic radiation.
Explanation:
Dark matter comparative to dark energy, has various differences. You could say that dark energy is put into action on a larger scale than dark matter, which is also why dark energy makes up 74 percent of the universe. Thus, dark matter ≠ dark energy.
Scientists have a lot to learn about dark matter, so we can't claim that this subject has been well understood about scientists. In fact, it is one of the least understood parts of the universe!
_______________________________________________________
Now dark matter can be defined as particles that do not absorb, reflect, or emit light. Thus, it can't be observed by electromagnetic radiation - nor shifts in red and blue light. At the same time it does not emit electromagnetic radiation.
Answer:
dark matter does not emit electromagnetic radiation.
Explanation:
the primary symptom of hemispatial neglect is
Answers
The syndrome of hemispatial neglect is characterised by reduced awareness of stimuli on one side of space, even though there may be no sensory loss.
What are the symptoms of hemispatial neglect?Left Neglect Symptoms. Left neglect or hemispatial neglect generally manifests most clearly in difficulties with visually noticing items on the left side. For example, survivors with left neglect may bump into door frames on their left side or miss eating food on the left side of plates.
What do people with hemispatial neglect see?Hemispatial neglect is a neuropsychological condition in which, after damage to one hemisphere of the brain (e.g. after a stroke), a deficit in attention and awareness towards the side of space opposite brain damage (contralesional space) is observed.
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Match the term with its description.
Acid
Base
pH
Litmus paper
[Choose]
[Choose]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
Answers
The terms given are match of the followings such as acid is matched with option C, base is match of option D, pH is match of option A and litmus paper is match of option B.
Briefing :Acid is a compound that increases hydroxide ions (OH−) when it is dissolved in a solution.
Base is a compound that increases hydrogen ions (H+) when it is dissolved in a solution.
pH is a value from 0 to 14 that is used to specify how acidic or basic a compound is when it is dissolved in water.
Litmus paper is used to measure the pH of substances by determining their hydrogen ion concentration.
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I understand the question you are looking for :
Match the term with its description.
Acid
Base
pH
Litmus paper
Definition
A) A value from 0 to 14 that is used to specify how acidic or basic a compound is when it is dissolved in water
B) Used to measure the pH of substances by determining their hydrogen ion concentration
C) A compound that increases hydroxide ions (OH−) when it is dissolved in a solution
D) A compound that increases hydrogen ions (H+) when it is dissolved in a solution
Questions
What happens to an
organism if
an organ or
organ system does not
function properly?
Answers
Answer:
All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, there can be severe consequences ranging from a simple disease or death.
TRUE/FALSE. In the cytokinesis of animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms around the cell's midsection.
Answers
The statement "In the cytokinesis of animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms around the cell's midsection" is true. Which is formed by a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments that constricts the cell membrane and separates the two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, following the replication and segregation of its chromosomes during mitosis. In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished through the formation of a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments, which constricts the cell's equator and forms a cleavage furrow. The cleavage furrow gradually deepens, dividing the cytoplasm of the cell and separating the two daughter cells. The process is mediated by the contractile ring, which tightens and pulls the cell membrane inward, resembling a purse string being tightened.
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what would happen if type a blood were transfused into the bloodstream of someone with type b blood? what would happen if type a blood were transfused into the bloodstream of someone with type b blood? the anti-a antibodies from the donor will cause the agglutination of the type b blood. the two types of blood would combine, and the person would have type ab blood. the anti-a antibodies from the recipient would cause the agglutination of the type a blood. the antigens in the recipient would neutralize the antibodies from the donor.
Answers
If type A blood were transfused into the bloodstream of someone with type B blood, the anti-A antibodies from the recipient would cause the agglutination of the type A blood. The antigens in the recipient would neutralize the antibodies from the donor.
In this case, the anti-A antibodies present in the recipient's type B blood would recognize the A antigens on the type A blood cells as foreign and trigger an immune response.
This immune response would lead to the agglutination (clumping) of the transfused type A blood cells, which can obstruct blood vessels and result in various complications, including organ damage and potentially even death.
Conversely, if type A blood were transfused into the bloodstream of someone with type B blood, the anti-B antibodies present in the recipient's blood would not react with the A antigens on the donor blood cells.
Therefore, there would be no immediate agglutination of the transfused type A blood cells caused by the recipient's antibodies. However, it is important to note that blood type compatibility should be strictly adhered to in transfusions to avoid potential complications and adverse reactions.
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The monomer for carbohydrates is
Answers
Answer:
monosaccharides
Explanation:
Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates and are often referred to as “the simple sugars”.
Answer:
monosaccharides
Explanation: Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates and are often referred to as “the simple sugars”.
(a) The importance of studying international accounting has grown over the years. Briefly discuss the reasons for the growth of international accounting in recent years. (b) Culture encompasses the values and attitudes shared by a society. Analyse how the culture of a nation influences domestic and international accounting.
Answers
(a)The growth of international accounting in recent years can be attributed to several factors; Globalization, Stakeholder Demands, Regulatory Pressure. (b) Here are some ways in which culture impacts accounting; Accounting Principles and Practices, Regulatory Environment, Ethical Considerations.
Globalization: With the increasing interconnectedness of economies and the expansion of multinational companies, there is a growing need for a standardized accounting framework that can facilitate cross-border transactions and ensure consistency in financial reporting.
Investor and Stakeholder Demands: Investors and stakeholders have become more globally focused, seeking investment opportunities and partnerships in foreign markets. These stakeholders require reliable and transparent financial information to make informed decisions, leading to the need for international accounting standards.
Regulatory Pressure: Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are recognizing the importance of harmonized accounting standards to promote transparency, accountability, and comparability.
The culture of a nation significantly influences both domestic and international accounting practices. Here are some ways;
Accounting Principles and Practices: Culture shapes the underlying values, beliefs, and norms of a society, which in turn influence the development and application of accounting principles and practices. For example, cultures that prioritize individualism may have accounting systems that focus on individual financial performance, while collectivist cultures may emphasize the community or group's financial well-being.
Legal and Regulatory Environment: Culture influences the legal and regulatory framework within which accounting operates. Different cultures may have varying levels of acceptance for transparency, disclosure, and enforcement of accounting standards.
Ethical Considerations: Culture shapes ethical norms and values, which influence accounting decisions and practices. What may be considered acceptable ethical behavior in one culture may be viewed differently in another culture.
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Explain the processes involved in the transportation of absorbed
nutrients throughout the body.
Answers
Answer:
Absorption: The process of absorbing nutrients occurs primarily in the small intestine. Once the food is broken down into smaller molecules through digestion, these molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream. For example, carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Circulatory System: The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, plays a crucial role in transporting absorbed nutrients. The blood vessels form an extensive network that reaches all tissues and organs in the body.
Hepatic Portal System: After absorption, most of the nutrients are transported to the liver through a specialized system called the hepatic portal system. This system ensures that the liver, which performs various metabolic functions, receives a concentrated supply of nutrients before they are distributed throughout the body.
Bloodstream Transport: Once in the bloodstream, nutrients are carried by the plasma, the liquid component of blood. Different nutrients use specific mechanisms for transport:
Glucose: It is transported by facilitated diffusion or active transport, depending on the concentration gradient, with the help of insulin.
Amino Acids: They are transported through the bloodstream by specific carrier proteins.
Fats: Dietary fats are initially packaged into structures called chylomicrons and transported through the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, fats are carried by lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Distribution to Tissues: As the blood circulates, nutrients are distributed to various tissues and organs according to their specific needs. Nutrients are delivered to cells through the capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in the body, which have thin walls that allow for the efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products.
Cellular Uptake: Nutrients are taken up by cells through various mechanisms. For instance, glucose enters cells with the help of insulin, while amino acids are transported into cells through specific carrier proteins. Fats are taken up by cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis or by diffusion.
Metabolism: Once inside the cells, nutrients undergo metabolic processes to produce energy or build new molecules. Glucose, for example, can be metabolized through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, the cell's energy currency.
Waste Removal: Metabolic byproducts, such as carbon dioxide and urea, are generated during nutrient metabolism. These waste products are transported back into the bloodstream and eventually eliminated from the body through the lungs (carbon dioxide) or the kidneys (urea).
It's important to note that different nutrients may have different transport mechanisms and pathways. The body's ability to efficiently transport and utilize absorbed nutrients is vital for maintaining proper functioning and overall health.
a scientist isolates some mrna from one gene and compares its sequence to that of the gene from which it was copied. where will the mrna be found to end?
Answers
Answer:
The mRNA will be located in the cytosol of the cytoplasm.(specifically inside the ribosome of the cell to under go the process of translation)
Humans often selectively breed plants to create better more nutritious crops planted so not as difficult to selectively breed as animals because most parents have
Answers
Answer:
Answer: d. both male and female reproductive parts. Selective breeding is a process in which parents of plants and animals species are chosen by humans and they are bred t obtain desirable traits in organisms useful for human.
People
Explanation:
which event is mostly responsible for increasing the opportunity for animals to develop more complex traits?
A. increase in genetic material (DNA)
B. jaws
C. bilateral symmetry
D. spinal column
Answers
Increase in genetic material (DNA) event is mostly responsible for increasing the opportunity for animals to develop more complex traits. The correct answer is option A.
The evolution of life on earth is marked by an increase in the amount of genetic material in living organisms. This increase in genetic material has enabled animals to develop more complex traits and adapt to a wider range of environments.
The gradual accumulation of genetic changes over time, as well as the movement of organisms into new environments, has led to the emergence of new species with unique physical and behavioral characteristics.
In many cases, these new species have been able to survive and thrive in their new environments because of the complex traits they possess, which allow them to compete for resources and avoid predators more effectively.
The correct answer is option A.
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all amhibiana have limbs true or false
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Amphibian skin is permeable, meaning that it's not a solid barrier to the environment. They can absorb oxygen right through their skin. ... Amphibians have the amazing ability to re-grow not only tails but also toes and even legs to some extent!
What would happen to the production of the high energy sugars if water or carbon dioxide were not
available to plants?
ATD
Answers
Answer:
There would be no production of high energy sugars in the plant.
Explanation:
Plants produce their food (autotrophism) in a process unique to them called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants produce energy-storing sugars (glucose) in the presence of light from sun.
This photosynthetic process combines Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as reactants to form sugar (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) as products. The equation for photosynthesis is as follows:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
This means that water and carbon dioxide are strictly needed for the process of photosynthesis to occur in plants. Hence, if water or carbon dioxide were not available to plants, there would be no photosynthetic process and ultimately no production of high energy sugars.
your journal how can the six steps toward intentionality help as you make decisions about your future?
Answers
The six steps toward intentionality help as you make decisions about your future are:
1. Be deliberate with your day
2. Be clear on the result you want
3. Be purposeful with your time
4. Be considered with your focus
5. Become focused on your goals
6. Be mindful of your most important relationships
what is Intentional meaning?
The ability to see particular outcomes in the future that, if attained, would make things better and bigger for you, your business, and your life is what it means to be intentional.
Hence above given is a correct answer.
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Let 2.4×10-4 J of work is done to increase the area of a film of soap bubble from 50 cm2 to 100 cm2. Calculate the value of surface tension of soap solution.
*
2.4E-4 N/m
2.4E-6 N/m
2.4E-2 N/m
Answers
The surface tension of soap solution is 2.4E-2 N/m.
Work done in increasing the area of a soap bubble from 50 cm2 to 100 cm2 is 2.4×10-4 J. The formula for surface tension can be written as work done per unit area that is,T = W/AWhere,T is the surface tension,W is the work doneA is the area of the soap bubbleInitially, the area of the soap bubble was 50 cm² and then increased to 100 cm². Therefore, the change in area (dA) is given as:dA = (100 - 50) cm² = 50 cm² = 5 x 10^(-3) m²Also, the work done (W) is 2.4 x 10^(-4) J. Thus, the surface tension (T) of soap solution can be calculated as:T = W/dA= 2.4 x 10^(-4) J / 5 x 10^(-3) m²= 2.4 x 10^(-4) J x 2 x 10^2 m² / 5 J= 2.4 x 2 x 10^(-2) N/m= 4.8 x 10^(-2) N/m≈ 2.4 x 10^(-2) N/mTherefore, the surface tension of soap solution is 2.4E-2 N/m.
The phenomenon that occurs when the surface of a liquid comes into contact with another phase—which can also be a liquid—is referred to as surface tension, according to the definition of the term. Fluids will more often than not secure the most un-surface region conceivable. The outer layer of the fluid acts like a flexible sheet.
"Surface strain is the pressure of the surface film of a fluid brought about by the fascination of the particles in the surface layer by the heft of the fluid, which will in general limit surface region".
Surface tension is influenced not only by the forces of attraction between the liquid's particles but also by the forces of attraction between the liquid and any solid, liquid, or gas that comes into contact with it. The amount of work or energy required to remove a unit area's surface layer of molecules is roughly equivalent to the energy that causes the phenomenon of surface tension.
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since the dna molecule holds the genetic code, why can't the dna attach to the ribosome?
Answers
The DNA molecule cannot attach to the ribosome since it holds the genetic code because the process of protein synthesis happens in two steps.
The first step is transcription, in which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a molecule of RNA (mRNA) by the RNA polymerase enzyme. The mRNA carries the genetic information to the ribosome, which is located in the cytoplasm, for translation. The second step is translation, in which the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and assembles a chain of amino acids, which forms a protein.
Therefore, DNA is too large to pass through nuclear pores, which are the only points of entry or exit from the nucleus. In addition, DNA is too large to serve as a template for protein synthesis directly. The RNA intermediate, on the other hand, can leave the nucleus and serve as a template for protein synthesis. This is why DNA cannot attach to the ribosome.
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Help pls help pls question is above
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
A. Vitamins seem to cause an increase in ink production
Explanation:
Because the experimental group, the one given vitamins, produces more ink than the control group, no vitamins.
chromosomes are in pairs, what else comes in pairs
Answers
Answer:
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes--22 pairs of numbered chromosomes, called autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, X and Y. Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair so that offspring get half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father.
Explanation:
(Sorry, I'm not sure)