given two orbitals as linear combinations of two atomic orbitals on carbon atom in ethene: where the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals are orthonormal. what is the value of the overlap integra
Answers
the overlap integral simplifies to:
S = c1c2 + d1d2d1d2.
To calculate the overlap integral between two linear combinations of atomic orbitals on a carbon atom in ethene, we first need to express the orbitals in terms of the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. Let's assume that the two orbitals are denoted as ψ1 and ψ2, and can be expressed as linear combinations of the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals ϕ1 and ϕ2 as follows:
ψ1 = c1ϕ1 + d1ϕ2
ψ2 = c2ϕ1 + d2ϕ2
where c1, d1, c2, and d2 are constants.
The overlap integral between these two orbitals can be calculated using the following formula:
S = ∫ψ1ψ2*dτ
where dτ represents the infinitesimal volume element.
Substituting for ψ1 and ψ2, we get:
S = ∫(c1ϕ1 + d1ϕ2)(c2ϕ1 + d2ϕ2)*dτ
Expanding the product, we get:
S = c1c2∫ϕ1ϕ1*dτ + c1d2∫ϕ1ϕ2*dτ + d1c2∫ϕ2ϕ1*dτ + d1d2∫ϕ2ϕ2*dτ
Since the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals are orthonormal, the integral of ϕ1ϕ2 and ϕ2ϕ1 will be zero. Therefore, we can simplify the expression as follows:
S = c1c2∫ϕ1ϕ1*dτ + d1d2∫ϕ2ϕ2*dτ
Using the orthonormality of the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals, we know that the integral of ϕ1ϕ1 and ϕ2ϕ2 will both be equal to 1. Therefore, the overlap integral simplifies to:
S = c1c2 + d1d2d1d2.
In order to calculate the value of S, we need to know the values of the constants c1, d1, c2, and d2. These constants will depend on the specific linear combinations of atomic orbitals that we are considering. Without this information, we cannot calculate the value of the overlap integral.
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If two orbitals as linear combinations of two atomic orbitals on carbon atom in ethene, then value of the overlap integral \(S_{12} = \int{\phi_{1}}^{*}\phi_{2}d \tau\), is equals to zero. So, option(b) is correct.
Orthonormal atomic orbitals are follow the following property:
\(\int{ m _i }* n_i d\tau = 1\)\(\int m_i^{*} n_j d\tau = 0\)Now, we have provide that two orbitals are as a linear combinations of two atomic orbitals on carbon atom in ethene. \(\phi_{1 } = \frac{1}{ \sqrt{2} } ( {\psi_{2s }} + {\psi_{2p }}_{2})\)
\(\phi_{2 } = \frac{1}{ \sqrt{2} } ( \psi_{2 s} - {\psi_{2p} }_{2})\)
In the ethylene molecule, consists each carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Therefore, for the C-H, σ bond (sp²(C) - 1s(H)) in ethylene, the two sp² hybrid orbitals overlap with the 1s orbitals of the two hydrogen atoms. Let the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals, \(\psi_{2 s} and {\psi_{2p} }_{2}\) are orthonormal to each other. So, the overlap integral \(S_{12} = \int{ \phi_{1}}^{*}\phi_{2}d \tau\)
\( = \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}( \psi_{2s} + {\psi_{2p} }_{2}) \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}( \psi_{2s} - {\psi_{2p} }_{2})d \tau\\ \)
\( = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}( \int \psi_{2s}\psi_{2s} d \tau + \int {\psi_{2p} }_{2}\psi_{2s} d \tau - \int \psi_{2s} {\psi_{2p}}_{2} d \tau - \int {\psi_{2p} }_{2} {\psi_{2p} }_{2} d \tau) \\ \).
Using above formula, \(\psi_{2 s} \) and \({\psi_{2p} }_{2}\) are orthonormal so, \(\int \psi_{2 s} {\psi_{2p} }_{2} d\tau = 0\). Also \(\psi_{2 s} \) and \(\psi_{2 s}\) are normalised so \(\int \psi_{2 s} \psi_{2 s} d\tau = 1\). Similarly \(\int {\psi_{2p} }_{2} {\psi_{2p} }_{2} d\tau = 1 \).
Substitute all integral values in equation (1),
= 1 + 0 - 0 - 1
= 0
Hence, the required integral value is 0.
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Complete question:
given two orbitals as linear combinations of two atomic orbitals on carbon atom in ethene:
\(\phi_{1 } = \frac{1}{ \sqrt{2} } ( {\psi_{2s }} + {\psi_{2p }}_{2})\)
\(\phi_{2 } = \frac{1}{ \sqrt{2} } ( \psi_{2 s} - {\psi_{2p} }_{2})\)
where the hydrogen-like atomic orbitals are orthonormal. what is the value of the overlap integral,
\( S_{12} = \int \phi_{1} \times \phi_{2}dr\)
a) 1
b) 0
c) 1.5
d) 2
Related Questions
You will synthesize Nylon-6,10, using interfacial polymerization. Draw a representa- tion of what your experiment will look like. Clearly label the contents and identity of each layer.
Answers
The contents of each layer are clearly labeled, with the reaction mixture containing the Nylon-6,10 monomers, the water layer containing the water-soluble initiator, and the oil layer containing the nonpolar solvent and the polymerized Nylon-6,10.
The identity of each layer is indicated by the labeling of the solutions. The reaction mixture is labeled as layer 1, the water layer is labeled as layer 2, and the oil layer is labeled as layer 3.
An interfacial polymerization experiment to synthesize Nylon-6,10 typically involves the following steps:
Preparation of the reaction mixture: A solution of Nylon-6,10 monomers in a solvent is prepared. The monomers can be mixed in equal proportions or in different proportions to control the molecular weight and properties of the resulting polymer.
Preparation of the water layer: A separate solution of a water-soluble initiator is prepared. The initiator is added to the water, which is then stirred to create a homogeneous solution.
In this experiment, the contents and identity of each layer can be represented as follows:
The reaction mixture: A solution of Nylon-6,10 monomers in a solvent (layer 1)
The water layer: A solution of a water-soluble initiator (layer 2)
The oil layer: A solution of a nonpolar solvent, such as hexane (layer 3)
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1. After clamping a buret to a ring stand, you notice that the set-up is tippy and unstable. What should you do to stabilize the set-up?
A. Move the buret clamp to a ring stand with a larger base.
B. Hold the buret in place by hand during the titration.
C. Use a different size buret that is more stable in the set-up
D. Clamp another buret to the ring stand to balance out the set-up.
Answers
Answer:
A. Move the buret clamp to a ring stand with a larger base.
Explanation:
The ring stands are used to hold burettes, light in weight to avoid loss of stability, that is why it is necessary to change the size of the ring stand so that it can support the buret that we are going to use. It is not recommended to balance it with the hand since it would give us an inaccurate result in the titration.
In order to stabilize the set-up, one has to move the buret clamp to a ring stand with a larger base.
The ring stand or the retort stand simply means an equipment that is used in supporting other equipment and glassware such as test tubes, flasks and burettes.In this case, since the the set-up is tippy and unstable, then it's possible that the ring size doesn't fit and one will need to move the buret clamp to a ring stand that has a larger base.In conclusion, the correct option is A.
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Having energy in the reactant lead to an exothermic reaction.
true
false
Answers
Answer:
false
Explanation:
first of all;-energy lead to an indotermic reaction.
indotermic is a reaction that absorbs energy \
*it has positive enthalpy of reaction
*Heat content of product is greater than that of reactant
*Heat is added to reactant side
example;- CO^2+2H^2+891kj --------- CH4 +2O2
What comes right before the "analyzing the data" step of the scientific
method?
O A. Predicting a theory
O B. Testing the hypothesis
O C. Conducting an experiment
O D. Collecting the data
I need someone to answer this quickly please!!
Answers
Answer: d collect the data
Explanation:
Collecting the data and making observations comes right before the "analyzing the data" step of the scientific method. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What is a scientific theory?The scientific method can be described as an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has developed in science since at least the 17th century.
The scientific theory includes careful observation, applying what is observed, given that assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. . A scientific hypothesis is possible to identify a possible outcome of an experiment that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis.
The scientific theory involves hypotheses, through induction, based on such observations, the testability of hypotheses, experimental and measurement-based statistical, and elimination of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
The process in the scientific method includes making hypothetical explanations, and predictions from the hypotheses as logical consequences and then conducting experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions.
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write an ionic equation of hydrogen peroxide reacting with sodium sulphite
Answers
Answer:
Na2SO3 + H2O2 = Na2SO4 + H2O
The ionic equation of hydrogen peroxide reacting with sodium sulphide is Na₂SO₃ + H₂O₂ = Na₂SO₄⁻ + H₂O⁺.
What is an ionic equation?A chemical equation known as an ionic equation expresses the constituents in an aqueous solution as dissociated ions. The ionic equation is written by using charge in them.
An example is "NaCl" is "Na⁺ + Cl⁻".
To write an ionic equation, we should write by dissolving all soluble ionic chemicals into their corresponding ions. To demonstrate that an ion is present in the solution, it should be displayed with its charge and an (aq). There is also a use of coefficient.
The reaction should be written as:
HS₂O₄ → 2H+ + (SO₄)²⁻
NaOH → Na+ + (OH)-
Na₂SO₄ → 2Na+ + (SO₄)²⁻
H2O exists in the molecular form
So we get 2H+ + (SO₄)²⁻ + 2Na+ + 2(OH)- →2Na+ + (SO₄)²⁻ + 2H₂O
Thus, the ionic equation is Na₂SO₃ + H₂O₂ = Na₂SO₄ + H₂O.
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Describe two carbon sequestering methods that could reduce the impact of deforestation
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The two carbon-sequestering methods that could reduce the impact of deforestation are afforestation and agriculture.
Carbon sequestering
It is a process of capturing and storing the carbon dioxide gas of an atmosphere on a large scale.This is done to prevent adverse global climatic conditionsThe methods which can reduce the impact of deforestation are afforestation, wetlands, fertilizing ocean surfaces, agriculture, etc.Afforestation
Planting trees in the nonforest region or planting trees in the deforested region.By this more and more carbon dioxide gas will be absorbed by the tress from the atmosphere via photosynthesis and that will get involve in the carbon cycle.Help in re-establishing an ecosystem in the region and prevent soil erosion.Agriculture
Growing and planting crops which maintain carbon level of the soil, And along with absorbs carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere. Will increase the concentration of oxygen gas in the atmosphere leading to prevent air pollution.Learn more about carbon sequestering here:
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Please help (: What are the sources and stages of a river ?
Answers
Water, ALSO if you cant figure out the answer looking up on g00gl3e
3 Stages of a River
YOUTHFUL STAGE (UPPER COURSE) – V- Shaped Valley > Erosion. ...
MATURE STAGE (MIDDLE COURSE) – Meanders > Erosion and Deposition.
OLD AGE STAGE (LOWER COURSE) – Floodplains > Deposition. ...
Advantages. Scenic Attraction. ...
Dangers. Flooding – Damage to property, land, animals and homes. ...
if you have two substances of equal mass that have their temperature increased by 10 degrees c each, but one of the substances requires twice as much heat as the other to have this temperature change, what can you claim about the two objects?
Answers
The two substances have different physical properties and compositions, despite having equal masses.
Heat capacity, also known as thermal capacity, is a measure of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object or substance by a certain amount. It is denoted by the symbol "C" and is expressed in units of energy per degree Celsius or Kelvin (J/°C or J/K).
The heat capacity of an object depends on its mass and the specific heat capacity of the material it is composed of. The specific heat capacity (or simply specific heat) is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius or one Kelvin. It is denoted by the symbol "c" and is expressed in units of energy per unit mass per degree Celsius or Kelvin (J/(kg·°C) or J/(kg·K)).
Based on the given information, we can claim that the two substances have different specific heat capacities. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius. The substance that requires twice as much heat as the other to have the same temperature change has a lower specific heat capacity, meaning it takes less energy to raise its temperature compared to the substance with a higher specific heat capacity. Therefore, we can conclude that the two substances have different physical properties and compositions, despite having equal masses.
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Calculate the volume of an object, if the object has a mass of 31 grams and the density is 12 g/ml.
Answers
Answer:
2.58 mLExplanation:
The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula
\(volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\\)
From the question we have
mass = 31 g
density = 12 g/mL
\(volume = \frac{31}{12} \\ = 2.58333\)
We have the final answer as
2.58 mLHope this helps you
PLEASE HURRY! Chemicals used in hot packs do not produce fire, so what makes the hot packs feel hot?
Answers
Answer:
Metal.
Explanation:
I think its the metal because when you cut it, it had metal in it.
which noble gas has an atom with the same number of electrons as a chloride ion in table salt?
Answers
Answer:
Argon (Ar)
Explanation:
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. That means that it has 17 protons and 17 electrons, thus being electrically neutral. When it gains 1 electron to form the chloride ion, the total number of electrons is 17 + 1 = 18.
Argon is a noble gas with an atomic number of 18, which means it has 18 electrons.
Question 5 (Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)
A student wants to know which part of his local beach contains the most turtle nests during nesting season. He researches turtle nesting, makes a prediction to investigate based on his research and observations, and plans his experiment. He performs the experiment, and he writes down his data and ends his study.
What part of the scientific method is he missing from this investigation?
Analyze data and conclusion.
Construct a hypothesis.
Do background research.
Test with an experiment.
(I know its not Construct a hypothesis. I chose that and got it wrong)
Answers
In this investigation, the student is missing the step of analyzing the data and drawing a conclusion.
Although the student has conducted an experiment and collected data, it is crucial to analyze the data and draw meaningful conclusions based on the results.
After conducting the experiment and collecting data on turtle nests at different parts of the local beach, the student should carefully examine the collected information.
This involves organizing and interpreting the data to identify any patterns, trends, or relationships. The student should compare the number of turtle nests in different parts of the beach, evaluate the statistical significance of the findings, and consider any potential confounding factors or limitations of the study.
Based on the analysis of the data, the student can then draw a conclusion about which part of the beach contains the most turtle nests during nesting season. This conclusion should be supported by the data and any relevant scientific knowledge or theories.
By including the step of analyzing data and drawing a conclusion, the student will have completed all the essential components of the scientific method, which includes background research, hypothesis construction, experiment testing, data analysis, and conclusion drawing.
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The volume and pressure of a gas are 6.50 m3 and 2.10 atm, respectively. (a) If this gas expands to four times its initial volume while the pressure is constant, determine the work done on the gas. J (b) On the other hand, if this gas is compressed to two-thirds its initial volume while the pressure is constant, determine the work done on the gas. J
Answers
When a gas expands to four times its initial volume at a constant pressure of 2.10 atm, the work done on the gas is 3,870.68 J. When the gas is compressed to two-thirds its initial volume at the same pressure, the work done on the gas is -467.49 J.
To determine the work done on the gas, we can use the equation:
Work = Pressure × Change in Volume
(a) Given that the gas expands to four times its initial volume while the pressure is constant, the change in volume is:
Change in Volume = 4 × Initial Volume - Initial Volume
Change in Volume = 4 × 6.50 m³ - 6.50 m³
Change in Volume = 25.00 m³ - 6.50 m³
Change in Volume = 18.50 m³
Using the equation for work, and considering that the pressure is constant at 2.10 atm:
Work = Pressure × Change in Volume
Work = 2.10 atm × 18.50 m³
Converting atm to joules using the conversion factor 1 atm = 101.325 J:
Work = 2.10 atm × 18.50 m³ × 101.325 J/atm
Work = 3,870.68 J
Therefore, the work done on the gas when it expands to four times its initial volume is 3,870.68 J.
(b) Similarly, if the gas is compressed to two-thirds its initial volume while the pressure is constant, the change in volume is:
Change in Volume = (2/3) × Initial Volume - Initial Volume
Change in Volume = (2/3) × 6.50 m³ - 6.50 m³
Change in Volume = 4.33 m³ - 6.50 m³
Change in Volume = -2.17 m³
Using the equation for work, and considering that the pressure is constant at 2.10 atm:
Work = Pressure × Change in Volume
Work = 2.10 atm × (-2.17 m³)
Converting atm to joules using the conversion factor 1 atm = 101.325 J:
Work = 2.10 atm × (-2.17 m³) × 101.325 J/atm
Work = -467.49 J
Therefore, the work done on the gas when it is compressed to two-thirds its initial volume is -467.49 J.
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what is the molecular formula of a compound that contains 38% c, 45% n and 16% h if 0.157 g of the compound occupies 125 ml with a pressure
Answers
The molecular formula of the given compound is CH₅N.
What is the ideal gas equation?The ideal gas law has defined the product of the volume and pressure as equal to the product of the gas constant (R) and absolute temperature of the gas.
The mathematical equation of the ideal gas law is as follows:
PV = nRT
The temperature of the compound, T = 22° C = 295 K
The pressure of the compound, P = 99.5 KPa = 0.982 atm
The volume of the compound, V = 125 ml = 0.125 L
0.125 × 0.982 = (0.157 g/M) × 0.082 ×295
M = 31 g/mol
A number of moles of C = 0.157 ×0.37/12 = 0.00484
A number of moles of N = 0.157 ×0.45/14 = 0.00504
A number of moles of H = 0.157 ×0.16/1 = 0.0251
The simplest ratio of C: N: H is 1 : 1 : 5
The empirical formula of the given compound is CH₅N.
The molecular formula of the compound is CH₅N as the molecular mass is equal to 31 g/mol.
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What would happen to the pressure of a gas inside is sealed bottle if the bottle was cooled to half its original temperature?
Answers
The pressure of a gas inside is sealed bottle if the bottle was cooled to half its original temperature then the pressure would also decrease by half of its original value and the volume remains constant.
What is pressure ?The term pressure is defined as an expression of force exerted on a surface per unit area. If we applied force F on area A , then pressure
P = F / A.
The pressure of a gas inside is sealed bottle if the bottle was cooled to half its original temperature then the pressure would also decrease by half of its original value and the volume remains constant.
Thus, the pressure would also decrease by half of its original value and the volume remains constant.
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millikan's "oil drop" apparatus allowed for the determination of which property of the electron?
mass of the electron
mass of the neutron
mass of the proton
none of these
Answers
Millikan's "oil drop" apparatus allowed for the determination of the charge of the electron, not its mass. So, the correct answer is (D) none of these.
By carefully observing the motion of oil droplets in an electric field, Millikan was able to measure the magnitude of the charge carried by each droplet. This experiment provided valuable insight into the discrete nature of electric charge and led to the determination of the elementary charge.
With the knowledge of the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron, subsequent experiments, such as the Thomson experiment, were able to determine the mass of the electron.
Therefore, while Millikan's apparatus played a crucial role in understanding the charge properties of the electron, it did not directly determine its mass.
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A solid having a mass of 7.89 g was added to 87.4 g of water at 19.5 °C in a calorimeter. After the solid dissolved and thoroughly mixed with the water, the temperature of the aqueous mixture increased by 5.7 °C. What is the heat of the aqueous mixture (cm) in units of J? Assume the specific heat of the mixture is equal to that of water. 4.184 J/g. °C. a. 2100 jb. 2300 jc. -2300) d. 01.0x10 j
Answers
The heat of the aqueous mixture (cm) is 22559.2 J, which is closest to answer choice b, 2300 J.
To solve this problem, we need to use the equation Q = cmΔT, where Q is the heat absorbed or released, c is the specific heat of the mixture (assumed to be equal to that of water), m is the mass of the aqueous mixture, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the aqueous mixture.
First, we need to calculate the mass of the aqueous mixture. This is simply the mass of water plus the mass of the solid that dissolved in it:
m = 87.4 g + 7.89 g = 95.29 g
Next, we need to calculate the change in temperature of the aqueous mixture. This is simply the final temperature minus the initial temperature:
ΔT = 5.7 °C
Now we can use the equation Q = cmΔT to calculate the heat of the aqueous mixture:
Q = (95.29 g)(4.184 J/g. °C)(5.7 °C) = 22559.2 J
Therefore, the heat of the aqueous mixture (cm) is 22559.2 J, which is closest to answer choice b, 2300 J.
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What are effective nuclear charge, electron shielding, and coulumbic attraction?
Answers
Answer:
effective nuclear, electron shielding and coulumbic attraction
Explanation:
Effective nuclear charge is the attractive positive charge of nuclear proton acting on valence electron.
Electron shielding refers to the blocking of valence shell electron attraction by the nucleus due to the presence of inner-shell electrons
Coulombic Attraction is the electrostatic attraction between two charged particles. Often when discussing periodic trends the charged particles are the nucleus (specifically the total number of protons) and the electrons. Often we are referring to the outermost electrons, the valence electrons.
Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following two reactions
Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following two reactions:
(1) 2C(s) + 2H2(g)C2H4(g)...... ΔH° = 52.3 kJ
(2) 2C(s) + 3H2(g)C2H6(g)......ΔH° = -84.7 kJ
what is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction:
(3) C2H4(g) + H2(g)C2H6(g)......ΔH° = ?
Answers
The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) is 117.1 kJ.
The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) can be calculated by using the enthalpy changes of reactions (1) and (2) and applying Hess's Law.
To do this, we need to manipulate the given equations so that the desired reaction (3) can be obtained.
First, we reverse reaction (1) to get the formation of C2H4(g) from C2H6(g):
C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ
Next, we multiply reaction (2) by 2 and reverse it to obtain 2 moles of C2H6(g) reacting to form 3 moles of H2(g):
2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ
Now, we add the two modified equations together:
C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ
2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ
When adding these equations, the C2H6(g) on the left side cancels out with the C2H6(g) on the right side, leaving us with the desired reaction (3):
C2H4(g) + H2(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ + 169.4 kJ = 117.1 kJ
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what is the percent yield of sulfur dioxide if the burning of 25.0 g of carbon disulfide produces 40.5 g of sulfur dioxide?
Answers
Answer:
25-54-46-36 619-73 77-88-50
11. What specimen preparation is commonly used to perform the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination
Answers
The specimen preparation commonly used to perform the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination is electrophoresis.
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate and analyze charged molecules, such as proteins, based on their size and charge. In the case of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination, the electrophoresis method used is typically agarose gel electrophoresis.
During this process, the serum or other bodily fluid sample is loaded onto an agarose gel matrix and an electric current is applied. The charged molecules, including the different isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase, move through the gel at different rates depending on their size and charge. The gel is then stained to visualize the different isoenzyme bands and their relative concentrations.
This method is useful in diagnosing certain medical conditions, such as liver and bone diseases, as the different isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase are produced in different tissues and organs of the body.
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The replacement of ribonucleotide hydroxyl group at C2 with hydrogen is catalyzed by enzyme Ribonucleotide reductase Ribonucleotide transcarboxylase Ribonucleotide oxidase Ribonucleotide decarboxylase
Answers
Ribonucleotide reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the substitution of hydrogen for the ribonucleotide hydroxyl group at position C2.
The best choice is A.
What does catalyze mean?Usually, catalyzed reactions are employed to quicken the rate at which a certain chemistry develops. The catalyst's main function is to give the reaction a another, lower-energy pathway. The catalyst reacts with a reactant to create an intermediate product, which causes this to happen.
What kinds of reactions are catalytic?Homogeneous catalysis is one of three forms of catalysis, which are classified according to the nature and physical condition of the substances used in the chemical reaction. Differential catalysis Autocatalysis.
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I understand the question you are looking for is :
The replacement of ribonucleotide hydroxyl group at C2 with hydrogen is catalyzed by enzyme ________.
A) Ribonucleotide reductase
B) Ribonucleotide oxidase
C) Ribonucleotide transcarboxylase
D) Ribonucleotide decarboxylase
Describe how the aquaporin channel prevents the leakage of protons in the form of H3O ions and selectively allows the passage of only H2O molecules.
Answers
Aquaporin channel is a water channel protein that allows the movement of water across the cell membrane. It prevents the leakage of protons in the form of H3O ions and selectively allows the passage of only H2O molecules.
The aquaporin channel is made up of four monomers that are arranged in a tetramer. Each monomer has an hourglass shape, with a narrow opening at the center. The narrow opening prevents the leakage of protons in the form of H3O ions as the positively charged ions are too large to fit through the opening, and only water molecules can pass through.
The aquaporin channel is highly selective, allowing only the passage of water molecules. The selectivity of the channel is due to the presence of specific amino acid residues within the channel that interact with the water molecules. The amino acid residues in the channel form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules, stabilizing them as they pass through the channel.Aquaporin channels prevent the leakage of protons and allow only the passage of water molecules, thereby regulating the movement of water across the cell membrane. The presence of aquaporin channels is essential for maintaining the water balance in cells and tissues.
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How nephthalene can be purified by sublimation
Answers
Answer:
sublimation. During this process, naphthalene being sublime changes into vapours leaving behind impurities. Vapour can be cooled by condensation. This process is very helpful in separating a volatile solid from a non-volatile solid.
you can increase thermal energy of a substance by heating it. hen you apply heat, you are ________ energy from the _____ source to the ________
Answers
You can increase the thermal energy of a substance by heating it. When you apply heat, you are transferring energy from one source to another.
The state of matter of a substance is an extrinsic property, which means that its surroundings can alter it. The state of matter is influenced by physical factors like pressure and temperature. A substance’s temperature rises when thermal energy is applied, changing the substance’s state from solid to liquid (melting), liquid to gas (vaporization), or solid to gas (sublimation).
Sublimation is defined as the property of a substance when it directly converts to a gaseous state from a solid state. Condensation can occur when a substance is subjected to increasing pressure. It may evaporate as a result of a decrease in pressure. Decreased pressure can also cause some forms of rock to melt.
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materials generally become warmer when light is reflected by them. absorbed by them. transmitted by them. all of these none of these
Answers
Materials generally become warmer when they are "absorbed" by light, this statement is more detailed. So, the correct answer is "absorbed by them."
Explanation: When a material absorbs light, it receives energy from the light, which leads to an increase in temperature. When light is absorbed by a material, the energy of the light is transformed into internal energy in the material. The temperature of a material can increase as a result of this energy absorption.
This is due to the fact that the increased internal energy of the molecules in the material causes them to vibrate more quickly and hence results in a temperature rise.
The light reflects or transmits when it passes through the material. When light reflects off a surface, it bounces back in the opposite direction. Transmitted light travels through a material without being absorbed by it.
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which is not true for combustion reactions?
a. they always occur in the presence of oxygen
b. they produce carbon dioxide and water
c. they usually require a lot of energy to form products
d. a candle burning is an example of one
Answers
Answer:
They usually require a lot of energy to form products
Explanation:
Energy may not be reasonable source.Oxygen and hydrocarbon is enough to produce the products .Petroleum products, Carbon and hydrocarbons are also necessary
A thermometer is taken from a room where the temperature is 24
∘
C to the outdoors, where the temperature is −11
∘
C. After one minute the thermometer reads 7
∘
C. (a) What will the reading on the thermometer be after 4 more minutes? (b) When will the thermometer read −10
∘
C ? minutes after it was taken to the outdoors.
Answers
The thermometer will read -10°C after about 2.43 minutes.
(a) After four more minutes, the thermometer will read -1°C.
This is because the temperature difference between the room and outdoors is (24 - (-11)) = 35°C.
The thermometer then rises 7°C in one minute, so the thermometer is heated at 7°C/minute, i.e. 35°C in five minutes.
So the temperature of the thermometer after 4 more minutes is 7°C + 7°C + 7°C + 7°C = 28°C, 28°C - 35°C = -7°C, -7°C - 3°C = -10°C.
Thus the reading on the thermometer will be -1°C after four more minutes.
(b) To find out when the thermometer will read -10°C, use the formula:
time = (temperature difference ÷ heating rate) + time to start
= (-10°C - 7°C) ÷ 7°C/minute + 1 minute
= -17°C ÷ 7°C/minute + 1 minute≈ -2.43 minutes
Thus, the thermometer will read -10°C after about 2.43 minutes.
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Which statement is true of a mechanical wave? a It must have a medium.
b It can travel in a vacuum.
c It must travel in empty space.
d Both sound and light are examples.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is A. It must have a medium
Explanation:
With out a medium the wave will not travel at all.
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-Justin:)
it needs a medium to travel
chemicals (and humans) are all about what
Answers
Answer:
Atoms, and chemical make up
Explanation:
Our bodies and any other terrestrial body are formed with atoms, those same atoms from a chemical make-up that creates items, such as water with 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom is formed. In essence, we all are about atoms and chemical makeup is the instruction on how to build us