for the reaction shown, draw the major organic product and select the correct iupac name for the organic reactant. the starting material is a 4 carbon chain with a double bond between carbons 1 and 2. there is a methyl substituent on carbon 2. the alkene reacts with h c l to give the product.

A) The pH of the buffer solution after addition of NaOH is:

9.66 B) The pH of 1.0 Lf the original buffer upon addition of 30.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl is 8.53.

For the given buffer solution, the dissociation reaction of NH3 in water can be written as:

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

And the relation between Kb and pKb is:

pKb = 14 - pKb

Therefore, pKb = 14 - 4.75 = 9.25

Upon addition of 0.010 mol of solid NaOH to the original buffer solution:

The NaOH will react with NH4+ in the buffer to form NH3 and water:

NaOH + NH4+ → NH3 + H2O + Na+

The moles of NH4+ in 1.0 L of the buffer solution can be calculated as:

moles of NH4+ = 0.20 mol/L x 1.0 L = 0.20 mol

Since the amount of NaOH added is much less than the amount of NH4+ in the buffer, we can assume that all the NH4+ will be consumed and converted to NH3.

The new concentration of NH3 can be calculated as:

moles of NH3 = moles of NH4+ = 0.20 mol

new volume of the solution = 1.0 L

new concentration of NH3 = moles of NH3/new volume of the solution = 0.20 M

The concentration of OH- can be calculated from the reaction:

NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

Since the concentration of NH3 is much larger than that of NH4+ and OH-, we can assume that the concentration of NH3 has not changed significantly, and therefore:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3] ≈ [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]0

where [NH3]0 is the initial concentration of NH3 in the buffer solution.

Rearranging the equation gives:

[OH-] = Kb[NH3]/[NH4+]

[OH-] = 1.8 x 10^-5 x 0.50/0.20 = 4.5 x 10^-5 M

The concentration of H+ can be calculated from the equation:

Kw = [H+][OH-]

where Kw is the ion product constant of water, Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C.

[H+] = Kw/[OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14/4.5 x 10^-5 = 2.2 x 10^-10 M

Therefore, the pH of the buffer solution after addition of NaOH is:

pH = -log[H+] = -log(2.2 x 10^-10) ≈ 9.66                                                                                                                                               For the addition of 0.010 mol of solid NaOH:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and NH4Cl is:

NaOH + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 + H2O

Since NH3 is a weak base, it reacts with the strong base NaOH to form the conjugate base NH2- and water. The NH2- reacts with H+ from the NH4+ ion to form NH3 again. Therefore, the buffer capacity will neutralize the added OH- ions.

The initial amount of NH3 in 1.0 L of the buffer solution is:

0.50 M NH3 x 1.0 L = 0.50 mol NH3

Since NH4Cl is a salt of a weak base (NH3) and a strong acid (HCl), it completely dissociates in water to form NH4+ and Cl- ions. Therefore, the initial amount of NH4+ in 1.0 L of the buffer solution is:

0.20 M NH4Cl x 1.0 L = 0.20 mol NH4+

When 0.010 mol of NaOH is added, it reacts completely with NH4+ to form NH3 and water, according to the balanced equation above. Therefore, the final amount of NH4+ in 1.0 L of the buffer solution is:

0.20 mol NH4+ - 0.010 mol NaOH = 0.190 mol NH4+

Since NH3 is a weak base, it reacts with the remaining H+ ions to form NH4+ ions. Therefore, the final amount of NH3 in 1.0 L of the buffer solution is:

0.50 mol NH3 + 0.010 mol NaOH = 0.510 mol NH3

The concentration of NH3 in the final solution is:

0.510 mol NH3 / 1.0 L = 0.510 M NH3

The concentration of NH4+ in the final solution is:

0.190 mol NH4+ / 1.0 L = 0.190 M NH4+

To calculate the pH of the final solution, we need to calculate the concentration of OH- ions:

Kb = Kw / Ka

Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C

Ka = 10^-pKa = 10^-4.75

Kb = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 10^-4.75 = 1.77 x 10^-10

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-

Initial concentration: 0.510 M NH3 and 0.190 M NH4+

Change: -x M for NH3 and +x M for NH4+

Equilibrium concentration: (0.510 - x) M NH3 and (0.190 + x) M NH4+

Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]

1.77 x 10^-10 = (0.190 + x)(x) / (0.510 - x)

Since x is much smaller than 0.510, we can assume that 0.510 - x ≈ 0.510

1.77 x 10^-10 = (0.190 + x)(x) / 0.510

x = 3.38 x 10^-6

[OH-] = 3.38 x 10^-6 M

pOH = -log([OH-]) = 5.47

pH = 14.00 - pOH = 8.53

Click the below link, to learn more about Buffer solution:

https://brainly.com/question/10643807

#SPJ11

Copper has the highest conductivity of any metal used in electronics. The statement is false.

Silver is the element that conducts electricity the best, followed by copper and gold.

The earth's most conductive metal is by far silver. Silver only has one valence electron, which explains this. This one electron can also go about freely and encounter little opposition. As a result, some of the metals with this particular property are silver and copper.

Silver is the metal with the highest thermal and electrical conductivity because of its distinctive crystal structure and lone valence electron.

Since copper is the non-precious metal with the highest conductivity, it has a higher electrical current carrying capacity than other non-precious metals. The strength of the metal rises when tin, magnesium, chromium, iron, or zirconium are added to copper to create alloys, but its conductivity decreases.

To know about electrical conductivity

https://brainly.com/question/13322537

#SPJ4

Answer:

FALSE!!

Explanation:

Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does NOT change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical change in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combines or break up to form new substances.

Bases that are useful for deprotonating compounds are:

NaHCO₃ or NaOH.

metal alkoxide

Sodium hydroxide

Benzene rings with carboxylic acids that are weak acids can be prepared using NaOH or NaHCO 3 due to the weakness of the carboxylic acid. deprotonated.

Metal alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide can be used to deprotonate benzene rings with three carbon chains attached to one carbon. Also, metal alkoxides are used because the benzene ring containing the hydroxyl group is a very weak acid.

A benzene ring with a hydroxyl group is a weak acid like a benzene ring with a carboxyl group, so it can be deprotonated with NaOH.

learn more about deprotonation here: https://brainly.com/question/28525778

#SPJ4

The balanced symbol equation for the Haber process, which is the industrial method for producing ammonia, is N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

A. The Haber process is the industrial method for producing ammonia, and the balanced equation for the reaction is:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

The atom economy for a product is the percentage of the total mass of reactants that becomes the desired product. For ammonia, the atom economy can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of NH3 = 14.01 + 3(1.01) = 17.04 g/mol

Atom economy of NH3 = (2 mol NH3 x 17.04 g/mol) / [(1 mol N2 x 28.02 g/mol) + (3 mol H2 x 2.02 g/mol)] x 100% = 34.0%

B. To calculate the theoretical yield of ammonia, we need to use the given mass of nitrogen and the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. The molar mass of nitrogen is 28.02 g/mol, so 27.3 g of nitrogen is equal to:

27.3 g / 28.02 g/mol = 0.974 mol N2

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of N2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. Therefore, the theoretical yield of ammonia is:

Theoretical yield of NH3 = (0.974 mol N2) x (2 mol NH3 / 1 mol N2) x (17.04 g/mol NH3) = 33.1 g NH3

C. The percentage yield of the reaction can be calculated by dividing the actual yield of ammonia by the theoretical yield, and then multiplying by 100%. The actual yield of ammonia is given as 29.9 g:

Percentage yield of NH3 = (29.9 g NH3 / 33.1 g NH3) x 100% = 90.4%

D. The percentage conversion of hydrogen can be calculated by dividing the mass of hydrogen used in the reaction by the mass of hydrogen that would have been used if all of it had been consumed in the reaction. The mass of hydrogen used is 10.4 g, and the mass of hydrogen that would have been used if all of it had been consumed in the reaction is:

1( mol H2 x 2.02 g/mol) x (0.974 mol N2 / 1 mol N2) = 1.98 g H2

Therefore, the percentage conversion of hydrogen is:

Percentage conversion of H2 = (10.4 g H2 / 1.98 g H2) x 100% = 525% (This result is not possible, as the percentage conversion cannot be greater than 100%. It is likely that there was an error in the calculation or in the data provided.)

For more question on balanced symbol equation

https://brainly.com/question/11904811

#SPJ11

Answer:

3.00 × 10²³ atoms H

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the number of atoms of hydrogen

According to the chemical formula of water, the atom ratio of H to O is 2:1.

1.50 × 10²³ atoms O × 2 atoms H/1 atom O = 3.00 × 10²³ atoms H

The pulse duration of periodic pulse train with a duty cycle of 15% and a period of 115 nanoseconds is 17.25 nanoseconds.

Duty cycle  = 15% or 0.15

Time period = 115 nanoseconds

The ratio of the amount of time the signal spends in the "on" state to its overall duration is known as the duty cycle. The signal is on for 15% of the entire period when the duty cycle is given as 15% in this instance. Duty cycles are a term used to represent the percentage of time that an electrical signal is active in a device, such as the power switch in a switching power supply, or when an organism, like a neuron, fires an action potential.

Calculating the duty cycle and the period of the pulse train -

Pulse duration = Duty cycle x Period

= 0.15 x 115

= 17.25

Read more about pulse train on:

https://brainly.com/question/30548054

#SPJ4

Answer

Based on the previous we can say that: The law of conservation of the mass states that the total mass will always stay the same during a chemical reaction. After the reaction, the vessel will have a mass equal to the initial 245 g.

Explanation

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. This means the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.

Based on the previous we can say that: The law of conservation of the mass states that the total mass will always stay the same during a chemical reaction.

After the reaction, the vessel will have a mass equal to the initial 245 g.

Sodium chloride dissolves well in water because it has charges that allow it to interact with water.

Ionic compounds include sodium chloride. The ions in the solute are attracted to water because it is a polar molecule. The sodium chloride crystal dissolves when the surrounding water molecules draw the sodium and chlorine ions one at a time into the solution.

The partial negative charge on the O atom of water attracts the Na+ ions because opposite charges are drawn to one another.

The ionic link that held sodium and chloride ions together is broken when water molecules force the ions apart. As seen in this picture, the sodium and chloride atoms are encircled by water molecules after the salt compounds are separated. After that, the salt dissolves and forms a homogenous solution.

To know more about sodium chloride

https://brainly.com/question/9811771

#SPJ4

The acid mostly dissociates when dissolves in water.

option C.

A strong acid is an acid that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution such as water when it is dissolved in it.  Strong acid is a chemical species with a high capacity to lose a proton, H+.

In other words, a strong acid is one which is virtually 100% ionized in solution.

Thus, when a compound is described as a strong acid it means that: the acid mostly dissociates when dissolves in water.

So option C is the correct answer as it explains the meaning of a strong acid.

Learn more about strong acid here: https://brainly.com/question/24586675

#SPJ1

Answer:

Chemical changes cannot be reversed, their molecules are bonded together. Most Physical changes can be reversed, and their molecules are not bonded

Explanation:

Answer: A. troposphere :)

hope this helps

Explanation:

<3

The chemical equation for O2 binding to haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin can be written as follows:

Hb + 4O2 ⇌ Hb(O2)4

In this equation, Hb represents hemoglobin, which is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for binding to oxygen and transporting it throughout the body. O2 represents oxygen molecules that are present in the surrounding environment. When these oxygen molecules come into contact with haemoglobin, they bind to it to form oxyhaemoglobin, which is a bright red-colored compound.

The reaction is reversible, meaning that oxyhemoglobin can release the oxygen molecules when it reaches the tissues in the body that require oxygen. This process is facilitated by changes in the shape of the haemoglobin molecule, which are triggered by factors such as changes in pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels.

Overall, the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is a critical process that ensures that oxygen is efficiently transported to the tissues in the body where it is needed for cellular respiration and energy production.

Learn more about haemoglobin here,https://brainly.com/question/24172325

#SPJ11

Answer:

C. the amount of drug x given to mice

The volume of dry carbon dioxide is 55mL measured at 25 degrees Celsius and 785 mm hg, will result from the combustion of 2.50 g of pentane.

Carbon dioxide may be found in solid form as dry ice. Since CO2 does not have a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure and instead sublimates directly from the solid state to the gas state, it is frequently used for short-term refrigeration. In addition to being utilised in fog machines in theatres for dramatic effects, it is largely employed as a cooling agent.

Its benefits include being colder than water ice and leaving no traces behind (apart from accidental frost from atmospheric moisture). It is helpful for keeping frozen items (like ice cream) from spoiling in situations when mechanical chilling is not possible.

At Earth's atmospheric pressure, dry ice sublimates at 194.7 K (78.5 °C; 109.2 °F). The solid is hazardous to handle without protection against frostbite injuries because to the intense cold. While typically not very toxic, the buildup in confined spaces can make the outgassing from it hypercapnic (abnormally elevated blood carbon dioxide levels).

Learn more about Dry carbon dioxide:

https://brainly.com/question/12062493

#SPJ4

Answer:

Tree and Grass?

Explanation:

hope it helps pleass mark me as brainliest answer

Answer:

C. 17

Explanation:

The question above is related to the "Periodic Table of Elements." The Halogen group is located on the right side of the table. It consists of six elements: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine and Tennessine.

The "atomic number" of an element refers to the number of protons that can be found in the element's nucleus. Among the halogens, "Chlorine" is the only one with an atomic number of 17. Halogens do not have an atomic number of 10, 136 and 13.

Phenolphthalein indicator turns blue in basic solutions. The given statement is false because it is commonly used to determine the pH of a solution

Phenolphthalein indicator is a chemical compound commonly used to determine the pH of a solution. It is colorless in acidic solutions (pH below 7) and turns pink or magenta in basic or alkaline solutions (pH above 7). It does not turn blue in basic solutions. Phenolphthalein's color change occurs over a narrow pH range, typically between pH 8.2 and 10.0, making it an effective indicator for titrations involving weak acids and strong bases.

There are other indicators, such as bromothymol blue or litmus paper, that change color at different pH levels, and they can be blue under specific pH conditions. However, phenolphthalein remains one of the most widely used indicators for acid-base titrations due to its distinct color change and suitability for various applications. In summary, phenolphthalein indicator turns blue in basic solutions. The given statement is false because it is commonly used to determine the pH of a solution

Learn more about phenolphthalein at :

https://brainly.com/question/30890652

#SPJ11

The initial and final states of the hydrogen atom would be 4 and 2.27 respectively.

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula: E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.

The energy released when a hydrogen atom transitions from an excited state to a lower energy state can be calculated using the formula: ΔE = Efinal - Einitial, where Efinal is the energy of the final state and Einitial is the energy of the initial state.

We know that the hydrogen atom emits a photon of wavelength 410 nm, so we can calculate its energy:

E = hc/λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / (410 x 10^-9 m) = 4.84 x 10^-19 J

This energy corresponds to the energy difference between the initial and final states of the hydrogen atom.

We can use the Rydberg equation to calculate the energy levels of hydrogen:

1/λ = R (1/ninitial^2 - 1/nfinal^2)

Rearranging the equation gives:

1/nfinal^2 = R/λ + 1/ninitial^2

Substituting the values we know:

1/nfinal^2 = (1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/ninitial^2

Solving for nfinal:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/ninitial^2))

To find the initial state, we need to try different values of ninitial and see which one gives us the correct energy difference. We know that the energy difference is:

ΔE = Efinal - Einitial = 4.84 x 10^-19 J

Using ninitial = 3, we get:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/3^2)) ≈ 2.75

ΔE = (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / nfinal^2) - (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / 3^2) ≈ 4.76 x 10^-19 J

This is close to the energy difference we calculated earlier, but not exact. We need to try a different value of ninitial.

Using ninitial = 4, we get:

nfinal = sqrt(1 / ((1.097 x 10^7 m^-1) / (410 x 10^-9 m) + 1/4^2)) ≈ 2.27

ΔE = (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / nfinal^2) - (-(2.18 x 10^-18 J) / 4^2) ≈ 4.84 x 10^-19 J

This is the correct energy difference, so the initial state of the hydrogen atom is ninitial = 4 and the final state is nfinal ≈ 2.27.

More on state of atoms can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/1968924

#SPJ1

The concentration of H+ at equilibrium is 1.06 x 10^-4 M.

To determine the concentration of H+ in the weak acid solution at equilibrium, we need to use the percent ionization and the initial concentration of the weak acid.

Let's assume that the weak acid is denoted by HA. Then, we can write the equilibrium equation for the dissociation of HA as:

HA ⇌ H+ + A-

The equilibrium constant expression for this dissociation reaction is:

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

Since the acid is weak, we can assume that the concentration of A- at equilibrium is approximately equal to the initial concentration of HA, since only a small fraction of HA is dissociated. Therefore, we can simplify the equilibrium constant expression to:

Ka = [H+]^2/[HA]

Rearranging this equation, we get:

[H+]^2 = Ka[HA]

Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

[H+] = sqrt(Ka[HA])

Now, we can plug in the values given in the problem:

Ka = unknown

[HA] = 0.00550 M

percent ionization = 8.20%

To find Ka, we can use the percent ionization:

percent ionization = [H+]/[HA] x 100%

8.20% = [H+]/0.00550 M x 100%

[H+] = 0.000451 M

Now, we can use the equation we derived earlier to find [H+] at equilibrium:

[H+] = sqrt(Ka[HA])

0.000451 M = sqrt(Ka x 0.00550 M)

Squaring both sides, we get:

Ka x 0.00550 M = (0.000451 M)^2

Solving for Ka, we get:

Ka = (0.000451 M)^2 / 0.00550 M

Ka = 3.70 x 10^-6 M

Finally, we can use the equation [H+] = sqrt(Ka[HA]) to find the concentration of H+ at equilibrium:

[H+] = sqrt(3.70 x 10^-6 M x 0.00550 M)

[H+] = 1.06 x 10^-4 M

Therefore, the concentration of H+ at equilibrium is 1.06 x 10^-4 M.

Learn more on concentration at equilibrium here https://brainly.com/question/13414142

#SPJ1

Answer: A.ionic

Explanation:

Got it right

Answer:

Ionic

Explanation:

Answer:

Manganese(II) sulfate and hydrogen gas.

Explanation:

Answer:

Eggs

Explanation:

Apple = fruit

Oils = fat

Potatoes = Carbs

And eggs are the only proteins

The formula for ionic compound always indicate empirical formula. Empirical formula is the lowest number of the condition of the element present in a compound..

Empirical formula is formula represent the minimum condition of the reaction to happen between element. Empirical formula is commonly use to calculate the important value of a compound such as:

Learn more about empirical formula here

https://brainly.com/question/1603500

#SPJ4

Let's determine the functional group formed from the condensation reaction of each pair of reactant functional groups:

1. Alcohol and carboxylic acid: The condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid forms an ester functional group (-COOR). This reaction is known as esterification.

2. Acid anhydride and alcohol: The condensation reaction between an acid anhydride and an alcohol also forms an ester functional group (-COOR). This is another type of esterification reaction.

3. Amine and carboxylic acid: The condensation reaction between an amine and a carboxylic acid forms an amide functional group (-CONR2). This reaction is called amide formation or amidation.

4. Acyl chloride and amine: The condensation reaction between an acyl chloride and an amine forms an amide functional group (-CONR2) as well. This is another example of amide formation or amidation.

To know more about different functional group : https://brainly.com/question/10058230

#SPJ11

Answer:

3 × 10¯¹⁰

Explanation:

9×10² ÷ 3×10¹²

The above expression can be simplified as follow:

9×10² ÷ 3×10¹²

Recall:

9 = 3²

9×10² ÷ 3×10¹² = 3²×10² ÷ 3×10¹²

Recall:

a^m ÷ a^n = a^(m – n)

3²×10² ÷ 3×10¹² = 3^(2 – 1) × 10^(2 – 12)

= 3¹ × 10¯¹⁰

Recall:

a¹ = a

3¹ × 10¯¹⁰ = 3 × 10¯¹⁰

True. It would take more energy to boil water( which is polar) than to boil a liquid made of non-polar molecules.

Thus we can conclude that it takes more energy to boil water than to boil a liquid made of non-polar molecules.

Learn more about intermolecular forces at https://brainly.com/question/13588164

#SPJ4