for the kinetic energy of a rigid body in general motion, we consider the translational and rotational components of the same point.T/F

Answers

Answer 1

True. For the kinetic energy of a rigid body in general motion, we consider the translational and rotational components of the same point.

For the kinetic energy of a rigid body in general motion, we consider both the translational and rotational components. The kinetic energy of a rigid body can be divided into two components: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy. The translational component represents the energy associated with the linear motion of the entire body, while the rotational component represents the energy associated with the body's rotation around its center of mass. Taking into account both components allows us to fully describe the kinetic energy of a rigid body in general motion.

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Related Questions

35. A daredevil is launched out of a
cannon with an initial horizontal
velocity of 30 m/s. If it took a total
of 13 s for the daredevil to land in
the safety net, how far was the fall
during the flight?

Answers

Answer:

845 m

Explanation:

Given in the y direction:

v₀ = 0 m/s

a = 10 m/s²

t = 13 s

Find: Δy

Δy = v₀ t + ½ at²

Δy = (0 m/s) (13 s) + ½ (10 m/s²) (13 s)²

Δy = 845 m

#2. If we have a 9V battery connected to a 100 resistor , what is the current ?

Answers

Answer:

90 mAmps

Explanation:

V=IR

V/R = I

9 v / 100 ohm = .09 amps = 90 mAmps

Answer the following questions. 3 A student runs 2 m/s. What does this mean?

Answers

Answer:

2ms-¹ means that the body under consideration moves 2m in a second, and may be it will continue to move 2m in every 1 second, if there's no external unbalanced force acting on that body (those forces do include frictional forces). mark its brainlist plz. Kaneppeleqw and 6 more users found this answer helpful. Thanks 3.

Answer:

that the student has travels 2 meters every 1 second that passes

what source of freshwater is in the atmosphere?

Answers

Answer:

Sources. The source of almost all fresh water is precipitation from the atmosphere, in the form of mist, rain and snow.

Explanation:

Sources.
Explanation have a great day

An element is an electric heating unit is applied to 232-volt power supply. The current flow through the element is 19 amperes. What is the resistance of the element?

8 ohms

10 ohms

12 ohms

14 ohms

Answers

The resistance of the electric heating element can be determined using Ohm's law, which states that resistance (R) is equal to voltage (V) divided by current (I). In this case, the voltage across the element is given as 232 volts and the current flowing through it is 19 amperes. The correct option is 12 ohms.

Applying Ohm's law, we calculate the resistance as:

R = V / I

R = 232 volts / 19 amperes

R ≈ 12 ohms

Therefore, the resistance of the element is approximately 12 ohms. This means that for every ampere of current flowing through the element, there is a voltage drop of 12 volts. The resistance value of 12 ohms indicates that the element has a moderate level of electrical resistance, which allows it to generate heat efficiently when current flows through it. Thus, the correct option is 12 ohms.

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Draw a ray diagram for an object placed 6.0 cm from the surface of a converging lens with a focal length of 12.0 cm. Where is the image? Is it real or virtual

Answers

The distance of the image from the converging lens is 4 cm. The image formed is real.

Distance of object from the converging lens, u = -6 cm

Focal length of the converging lens, f = 12 cm

A lens that generates a real image by converting parallel light beams to convergent light rays is known as the converging lens. The optical centre or axis of a converging lens serves as the focal point for light.

Applying lens formula,

1/u + 1/v = 1/f

1/v = 1/f - 1/u

1/v = (1/12) - (1/-6)

1/v = (1/12) + 1/6

1/v = 18/72

Therefore, the distance of the image from the converging lens is,

v = 72/18

v = 4 cm

The image is real and so long as the object is not in the center of the lens.

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Draw a ray diagram for an object placed 6.0 cm from the surface of a converging lens with a focal length

3. What exerts a greater force on the table of 2 kg book lying flat or a 2 kg book on its
side? Which applies greater pressure? If the book measures .3m x.2 m x.05m Calculate
the pressure applied in each situation.

Answers

Answer:

A book on its side exerts a greater force.

Explanation:

Pressure = Force / Area

Assuming that 1kg = 10N

2kg = 20N

Area of book lying flat = 0.3m × 0.2m

                                     = 0.6m²

Pressure of book lying flat = 20N / 0.6m²

                                            = 30Pa (1 s.f.)

Area of book on its side = 0.2m × 0.05m

                                        = 0.01m²

Pressure of book on its side = 20N / 0.01m²

                                               = 2000Pa (1 s.f.)

Since 2000Pa (1 s.f.) > 30Pa (1 s.f.), a book on its side applies greater pressure than lying flat.

A sound wave has a frequency of 669 hertz and a wavelength of 2.15 meters. What is the speed of this wave.

Answers

Answer:

Speed of the wave is 1438.35 m/s

Explanation:

\(v = frequency \times wavelength\)

\(v = 669 \times 2.15\)

\(v = 1438.35 \: ms ^{ -1} \)

the 3.0-m-long, 100 kg rigid beam of figure ex12.31 is supported at each end. an 80 kg student stands 2.0 m from support 1. how much upward force does each support exert on the beam?

Answers

The amount of upward force each support exert on the beam is  751.33 N and 1012.67 N.

What is force?

Force can be defined as the product of mass and acceleration of a body.

To calculate the upward force exerted by the beam, we apply the principle of moment.

From the diagram attached,

Taking our moment about N₂,

Mgd₁+mgd₂ = N₂L............ Equation 1

Where:

M = Mass of the beam d₁ = mid point of the beamm = Mass of the studentd₂ = Distance of the student from N₂N₂ = Supporrt 2L = Length of the beamg = Acceleration due to gravity.

From the question,

M = 100 kgm = 80 kgd₁ = 1.5 md₂ = 1 mL = 3 mg = 9.8 m/s²

Substitute these values into equation 1 and solve for N₂

N₂×3 = (100×9.8×1.5)+(80×1×9.8)3N₂ = 1470+7843N₂ = 2254N₂ =  2254/3 N₂ = 751.33 N

To calculate the First support N₁, we use the formula below.

N₁ + N₂ = mg+MgN₁ = mg+Mg-N₂N₁ = (80×9.8)+(100×9.8)-751.33N₁ = 1764-751.33N₁ = 1012.67 N

Hence, the upward force from each support is 751.33 N and 1012.67 N respectively.

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the 3.0-m-long, 100 kg rigid beam of figure ex12.31 is supported at each end. an 80 kg student stands

Explain the energy needed for a liquid to evaporate into gas

Answers

As the molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb heat, they begin to move around more quickly. This gives them the energy to break the bonds that connect them to other water molecules. When the molecules are moving fast enough, they are able to "escape." They leave the surface of the liquid as gas molecules

How did issac newton show that white light consist of all the colors of the rainbow

Answers

By using a prism to bend the light

What are the factors that change the pattern observed on a screen during Young’s double-slit experiment?

Answers

The factors that can change the pattern observed on a screen during Young's double-slit experiment are given below:1. Width of the slit. 2. Distance between slits. 3. Distance between slits and screen. 4. Wavelength of the incident light. 5. Refractive index of the medium.

The factors that can change the pattern observed on a screen during Young's double-slit experiment are given below:

1. Width of the slit. The width of the slit can influence the diffraction pattern that is observed on a screen. When the width of the slit decreases, the central maximum of the diffraction pattern becomes broader, and the intensity of the secondary maxima reduces.

2. Distance between slits. The distance between the slits in the double-slit experiment also affects the pattern on the screen. The distance between the slits is equal to the spacing between the maxima. If the spacing between the slits decreases, the distance between the maxima decreases, and vice versa.

3. Distance between slits and screen. The distance between the slits and the screen is also a factor that can affect the diffraction pattern. When the distance increases, the spacing between the maxima becomes wider, and the intensity of the maxima decreases.

4. Wavelength of the incident light. The wavelength of the incident light is another factor that affects the diffraction pattern on the screen. When the wavelength increases, the spacing between the maxima increases, and vice versa.

5. Refractive index of the medium. The refractive index of the medium in which the light travels can also influence the diffraction pattern observed on a screen.

When the refractive index of the medium changes, the position of the maxima changes as well. These are the factors that can change the pattern observed on a screen during Young's double-slit experiment.

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Decide which physical states are indicated in the following statement. Choose all that apply. Particles are in motion. a) solid. b) liquid. c) gas. d) none of these.

Answers

The given statement “Particles are in motion” is indicating that particles have kinetic energy and are moving. Hence, this statement is not indicating a specific state of matter. Hence, None of these. is the right option.

However, based on the states of matter, we can say that the motion of the particles depends on the physical state of matter. The three states of matter are:

Solid: In this state of matter, the particles have the least amount of kinetic energy and are held tightly in their positions by intermolecular forces. As a result, they are only capable of vibrating around their mean positions. The vibrations increase with an increase in temperature.

Liquid: In this state of matter, the particles have more kinetic energy than solids and are held together by relatively weaker intermolecular forces. The particles in the liquid are constantly in motion, which allows them to slide past one another and take the shape of the container that they are in. As temperature rises, the kinetic energy also increases.

Gas: In this state of matter, the particles have the highest amount of kinetic energy and are held together by the weakest intermolecular forces. The particles are in constant, random motion and are free to move in any direction. This gives them the ability to take up all the available space in a container.

The question should be:

Decide which physical states are indicated in the following statement. "Particles are in motion" Choose all that apply. Particles are in motion. a) solid. b) liquid. c) gas. d) none of these.

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Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:

Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:
Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:
Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:
Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:
Can someone help me with these five questions? With an explanation, please! Refer to these photos:

Answers

1) The body moved from 0 cm to 4 cm at a constant speed of 1 cm/s.

2) The object moved at a constant speed of 3 cm/s from 0 cm to 3cm

3) Two objects are speeding up and one object is slowing down.

4) The object moved from 4s to 8s at a constant speed of 4 cm/s

5) The horizontal line appears at 5 m/s is the second graph.

What is acceleration?

We know that acceleration has to do with the change of of velocity of an object with time.

1) We can see that the position changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals thus the body moved from 0 cm to 4 cm at a constant speed of 1 cm/s.

2) Looking at the shape of the second graph we can see that the object moved at a constant speed of 3 cm/s from 0 cm to 3cm

3) From the images of the ticker tapes, we can see that two objects are speeding up and one object is slowing down.

4) From the fourth graph, we can see that the object moved from 4s to 8s at a constant speed of 4 cm/s

5) The graph in which the horizontal line appears at 5 m/s is the second graph.

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what would be the biggest advantage of using the trigonometric parallax method at a telescope on pluto?

Answers

The biggest advantage of using the trigonometric parallax method at a telescope on Pluto would be the ability to accurately measure the distances to nearby stars.

The trigonometric parallax method involves measuring the apparent shift in position of a star against the background of more distant stars as the observer's position changes due to the Earth's motion around the Sun.

By measuring this apparent shift in position, astronomers can determine the angle between the direction of the star and the direction of the Sun, known as the parallax angle. Using basic trigonometry, the distance to the star can then be calculated.

The trigonometric parallax method is most effective for measuring distances to stars that are relatively close to the Sun, as the parallax angle decreases rapidly with distance.

Therefore, using this method from a telescope on Pluto, which is over 5 billion kilometers away from the Sun, would allow for extremely accurate measurements of the distances to nearby stars that are otherwise difficult to measure accurately.


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A student wants to study the effect of adding thermal energy to a system. Which of the following experiments should the student perform?

1 Heat water and record its change in temperature with time.

2 Freeze water and record its change in temperature with time.

3 Close a circuit by adding a paperclip and record if the bulb glows.

4 Close a circuit by adding a wooden piece and record if the bulb glows.

A good explanation would be nice! :)

Answers

The student should perform experiment 1: heat water and record its change in temperature with time.

To study the effect of adding thermal energy to a system, experiment 1 is the most suitable option.

By heating water and recording its change in temperature over time, the student can observe and analyze how the added thermal energy affects the system.

This will provide insight into the relationship between heat and temperature change.

Experiments 2, 3, and 4 are less relevant to the topic, as they involve freezing water (removing thermal energy) or closing circuits (which primarily relate to electrical energy rather than thermal energy).

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A material kept at high temperature is seen to emit photons with energies of 0.3 eV, 0.5eV, 0.8 eV, 2.0 eV, 2.5 eV, and 2.8 eV. These are the only photon energies observed. It is now cooled down to a very low temperature so that it is not emitting photons anymore. If a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from 0.01 eV to 10 eV shines on the material, what photon energies in this beam will correspond to dark absorption lines?



1. 0.3 eV, 0.5 eV, 2.8 eV


2. 0.3 eV, 0.5 eV, 0.8 eV


3. 0.3 eV, 0.8 eV, 2.8 eV


4. 0.8 eV, 2.0 eV, 2.8 eV


5. 0.5 eV, 0.8 eV, 2.8 eV


6. 0.3 eV, 2.5 eV, 2.8 eV

Answers

Answer:

the correct one is 2

Explanation:

The emission and arcion spectra are similar, in the emission spectra a heated material emits photons for the internal transitions of the electrons, in the absorption spectrum the continuous emission of a lamp is absorbed at the energies that the material has transitions.

In our case the material is low early, so all the electrons are in their base states.

As the light beam has all wavelengths, those corresponding to the first emission of the material will be observed.

When reviewing the answers, the correct one is 2

when eratosthenes was using the well at syene and the obelisk at alexandria to study the earth, what statistic was he trying to calculate?

Answers

Eratosthenes was trying to calculate the circumference of the Earth using the well at Syene and the obelisk at Alexandria. He knew that on the summer solstice, the sun would be directly overhead in Syene and there would be no shadows cast by vertical objects.

However, in Alexandria on the same day and time, the sun would cast a shadow of a known length. By measuring the length of the shadow and using simple geometry, Eratosthenes was able to calculate the angle of the sun's rays hitting the Earth at Alexandria. He then used this angle and the distance between Syene and Alexandria to calculate the circumference of the Earth. His estimate was impressively accurate, considering he made this calculation over 2,000 years ago.

Eratosthenes was trying to calculate the circumference of the Earth. He used the well at Syene and the obelisk at Alexandria to study the angle of the sun's rays at each location, which helped him determine the Earth's curvature and ultimately estimate its circumference.

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determine the force of gravitational attraction between a 78 kg boy sitting 2 meters away from a 65 kg girl. circle your answer and include units

Answers

Answer:

The force of gravitational attraction is 8.454 x 10⁻⁸ N.

Explanation:

Given;

mass of the boy, m₁ = 78 kg

mass of the girl, m₂ = 65 kg

distance between the boy and the girl, r = 2 meters

The force of gravitational attraction is given as;

\(F = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}\)

where;

G is gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²

r is the distance between two masses, m₁ and m₂

\(F = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2} \\\\F = \frac{(6.67 \times 10^{-11})(78 \times 65)}{2^2}\\\\F = 8.454 \times 10^{-8} \ N\)

Therefore, the force of gravitational attraction is 8.454 x 10⁻⁸ N.

What is the formula of the compound formed when Beryllium reacts with the sulfate ion?

A. Be(S)2
B. Bes
C. Bez(SO4)2
D. BeSO4

Answers

Answer:

the formula of the compound formed when Beryllium reacts with the sulfate ion is BeSO4

Explanation:

A lathe rotating at is used to reduce the diameter of a long section of stock metal rod from a diameter of to at a feed rate of . The force measured at the tool post was down and pulling the tool toward the workpart. What is the material removal rate (give answer to TWO decimal places)?

Answers

The material removal rate is 113.04 mm3/min (to two decimal places).

The question mentions a lathe with certain characteristics being used to reduce the diameter of a metal rod. The material removal rate is what is needed to be calculated. The given values are as follows: Diameter of stock metal rod before lathe operation = 40mmDiameter of stock metal rod after lathe operation = 25mmFeed rate = 0.3 mm/rev Force measured = 640 N (down)Material removal rate (MRR) can be calculated using the following formula:

MRR = πd r f

Where, d is the depth of cut, rf is the feed rate per revolution of the workpiece and r is the radius of the workpiece. MRR = π (r12 - r22) x f, where r1 = 20 mm and r2 = 12.5 mm MRR = 3.14 x (202 - 12.52) x 0.3MRR = 113.04 mm3/min Therefore, the material removal rate is 113.04 mm3/min (to two decimal places).

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find the total energy of oscillation at t = t 8 ; i.e., at one-eighth of the period. consider what happens to the total energy during oscillatory motion.

Answers

In an oscillatory system, the total energy is conserved throughout the motion. It transitions between potential energy and kinetic energy as the object oscillates back and forth. At any point in time, the total energy of oscillation can be calculated as the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy.

Assuming the system follows simple harmonic motion, where the displacement follows a sinusoidal pattern, the total energy can be expressed as:

Total Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy

At t = t8, which is one-eighth of the period, the displacement of the oscillating object is maximum, and the velocity is zero. At this point, all the energy is in the form of potential energy, and there is no kinetic energy.

Since kinetic energy is zero, the total energy at t = t8 is equal to the potential energy:

Total Energy at t8 = Potential Energy at t8

As the object continues to oscillate, the total energy remains constant. However, the energy continuously oscillates between potential and kinetic forms. At the extreme positions (maximum displacement), the total energy is entirely potential energy, while at the equilibrium position (zero displacement), the total energy is entirely kinetic energy. This exchange of energy allows the object to oscillate back and forth while maintaining a constant total energy throughout the motion.

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If one knew the luminosity of a star and measured its apparent brightness, which expression would one use to calculate the distance to the star

Answers

The expression which one would use to calculate the distance to the star is distance = sq. root. of (luminosity/4pi*apparent brightness)

What is Distance?

This is a scalar quantity and refers to how much ground a body has covered.

In a situation where parameters such as luminosity of a star and measured its apparent brightness are known then the distance to the star will be:

Distance= √(luminosity/4pi*apparent brightness)

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Select the correct locations on the periodic table.
Which two elements have similar characteristics?

Select the correct locations on the periodic table.Which two elements have similar characteristics?

Answers

In periodic table it is well understood that atoms with the same number of valence electrons will exhibit similar chemical properties.

What are the properties of periodic table?The periodic table, as well known as the periodic table of elements, is an arrangement of chemical elements in rows and columns. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is widely regarded as a chemistry icon.It is well understood in the periodic table that atoms with the same number of valence electrons will have similar chemical properties.As a result, as we move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons of each element increases. However, when we move down a group, the number of valence electrons remains constant.As a result, elements in the same group will have similar chemical properties.As a result, we can conclude that elements 2 and 3 will have chemical properties that are similar.

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Select the correct locations on the periodic table.Which two elements have similar characteristics?

The data table shows how the amplitude of a mechanical wave varies with
the energy it carries. Analyze the data to identify the mathematical
relationship between amplitude and energy. Use your equation to find the
energy if the amplitude is 6 units.
Amplitude
Energy
1 unit
2 units
2 units
8 units
3 units
18 units
4 units
32 units

Answers

Answer:

162

Explanation:

The data table shows how the amplitude of a mechanical wave varies withthe energy it carries. Analyze

When the amplitude of the wave is 8 units, the corresponding energy of the wave is 128 units. Therefore, option C is correct.

What do you mean by an amplitude ?

The term amplitude is defined as the maximum distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave calculated from its equilibrium position.

We have given,

first amplitude, A = 1, corresponding energy = 2

second amplitude, A = 2, corresponding energy = 8

The energy of a string at  a given amplitude is calculated as follows;

E ∝ A²

Energy varies as the square of the change in amplitude.

If amplitude of one has energy of two

Amplitude of 2 (double of 1)

= ( 2 x 2 ) = 4 x 2

= 8  4 times the energy at amplitude of 1.

Then for 8 units of amplitude change

8 x 8 = 64 x 2

= 128  

Thus, When the amplitude of the wave is 8 units, the corresponding energy of the wave is 128 units, option C is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was

The data table shows how the amplitude of a mechanical wave varies with the energy it carries. Analyze the data to identify the mathematical relationship between amplitude and energy. Use your equation to find the energy if the amplitude is 8 units.

Amplitude

1

2

3

4

energy

2

8

18

32

A.66 units

B. 108 units

C. 128 units

D. 88 units ​

Figure 5 shows a ray of light in an optical fibre.
Figure 5
Inside of optical fibre
What is the name given to the dotted line on Figure 5?
[1 mark]

Answers

         The technology that sends information as light pulses via a glass or plastic fiber is known as fiber optics, or optical fiber. These glass fibers can range in quantity from a few to several hundred in a fiber optic cable. The glass fiber core is encircled by yet another glass layer known as cladding.

What fiber optics does and how it works?

         In fiber optics, data is sent as pulses of light, or photons, that travel over a fiber optic cable. Incoming light is bent at a specific angle due to the differing refractive indices of the glass fiber core and cladding.

       Total internal reflection is the method by which light signals traveling through fiber optic cable bounce off the core and cladding in a series of zigzag motions. Due to the thick glass layers, the light signals move around 30% slower than the speed of light instead of at the speed of light.

     Fiber optic transmission sometimes needs repeaters at a distance to renew, or amplify, the signal throughout its path. By converting the optical signal to an electrical signal, processing that electrical signal, and then retransmitting the optical signal, these repeaters regenerate the optical signal.

      Up to 10 Gbps transmissions can currently be supported by fiber optic connections. A fiber optic cable often gets more expensive as its bandwidth capacity increases.

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Figure 5 shows a ray of light in an optical fibre.Figure 5Inside of optical fibreWhat is the name given

which scan examines the current security, in a passive method?

Answers

The scan that examines the current security in a passive method is called a Vulnerability Assessment (VA) scan.

A Vulnerability Assessment scan is a process of identifying and assessing vulnerabilities within a system, network, or application. It is typically performed using automated tools that scan the target environment for known vulnerabilities, configuration weaknesses, and security holes. Unlike active scanning techniques that actively probe the system and may generate network traffic, a VA scan operates in a passive manner, observing the system without actively interacting with it.

During a Vulnerability Assessment scan, the automated tool examines the target environment by analyzing network traffic, configurations, system logs, and other sources of information to identify potential vulnerabilities. It compares the collected data against a database of known vulnerabilities and security weaknesses to determine if any matches exist.

The passive nature of a VA scan makes it non-intrusive, as it does not generate additional traffic or perform active actions that could potentially impact the system's performance or stability. It allows organizations to assess their current security posture, identify vulnerabilities, and prioritize remediation efforts without disrupting the normal operation of the environment.

The results of a Vulnerability Assessment scan provide insights into the security weaknesses present in the system, enabling organizations to take appropriate measures to address and mitigate those vulnerabilities. This may include applying security patches, reconfiguring systems, updating software versions, or implementing additional security controls to protect against potential threats.

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For the velocity-time graph shown, which statement describes what happens to the velocity between approximately 24 s and 25 s?

A) The lander's velocity increases away from the reference.

B) The lander's velocity decreases toward the reference.

C) The lander's velocity decreases away from the reference.

D) The lander's velocity increases toward the reference.

For the velocity-time graph shown, which statement describes what happens to the velocity between approximately

Answers

The velocity–time graph of the Lunar Landing Powered Descent that has a domain of 10 ≤ t ≤ 25, and a range of -2 ≤ v ≤ -40, between the 24th and the 25th seconds gives;

C) The Lander's velocity decreases away from the reference

What is a velocity–time graph?

A velocity time graph is a graph that shows the variation of the velocity of an object with time.

The information with regards to the lunar landing powered descent graph are;

Coordinate points on the graph;

(10, -2); At time t = 10 seconds, the average velocity, v = 0

(10.5, -40); The velocity relative to the starting point changed and decreased from 0 m/s to -40 m/s

(15, -5); The velocity increased from -40 m/s to -5 m/s

(22, -3); The velocity increases from -5 m/s to -3 m/s

(24, -2); The velocity increases from -3 m/s to -2 m/s

(25, -15); The velocity decreases from -2 m/s to -15 m/s

Therefore, taking the reference point as the point where the velocity is zero, 0, we have that between approximately 24 seconds and 25 seconds, the Lander's velocity decreases away from the reference.

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In the context of understanding stellar lives, "high-mass" stars have masses
A) more than about 8 times the mass of our Sun.
B) more than about 3 times the mass of our Sun.
C) more than twice the mass of our Sun.
D) more than 20 times the mass of our Sun.

Answers

High-mass stars are generally considered to have masses greater than the mass of our Sun. These stars are significantly more massive than the average star like our Sun. High-mass stars undergo different evolutionary processes compared to lower-mass stars, and their lifetimes and fates are also different.

These massive stars burn their fuel at a much faster rate, leading to shorter lifetimes. They also exhibit more intense nuclear reactions and generate greater energy output. Additionally, high-mass stars are more likely to end their lives in a dramatic supernova explosion and can sometimes leave behind dense remnants such as neutron stars or black holes. Therefore a )more than about 8 times the mass of our Sun. High-mass stars are defined as having a mass greater than about 8 solar masses, and they have a much more dramatic and shorter life cycle compared to low-mass stars.

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By how much do the critical angles for red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm) light differ in flint glass surrounded by air? °Table 25. 2 Index of Refraction n in Selected Media at Various Wavelengths Medium Red (660 Orange (610 Yellow (580 Green (550 nm) nm nm) nm) Water 1. 331 1. 332 1. 333 1. 335 Diamond 2. 410 2. 415 2. 417 2. 426 Violet (410 nm Blue (470 nm) 1. 338 2. 444 1. 342 2. 458 Glass crown 1. 512 1. 514 1. 518 1. 519 1. 524 1. 530 1. 698 1. 665 1. 490 1. 667 1. 492 1. 674 1. 493 1. 684 1. 499 1. 506 Glass, flint 1. 662 Polystyrene 1. 488 Quartz, 1. 455 fused 1. 456 1. 458 1. 459 1. 462 1. 468

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The critical angles for red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm) light differ by approximately 0.064 degrees in flint glass surrounded by air.

The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which light traveling from a medium to a less optically dense medium is refracted along the interface. It can be determined using the equation:

θc = sin^(-1)(n2/n1)

Where θc is the critical angle, n1 is the refractive index of the first medium, and n2 is the refractive index of the second medium.

In the given table, the refractive index values for red and blue light in flint glass surrounded by air are approximately 1.662 and 1.674, respectively. By substituting these values into the equation, we can calculate the critical angles for each wavelength.

For red light:

θc (red) = sin^(-1)(1.674/1.662) ≈ 39.79 degrees

For blue light:

θc (blue) = sin^(-1)(1.674/1.662) ≈ 39.86 degrees

The difference between the critical angles for red and blue light is approximately 39.86 - 39.79 ≈ 0.064 degrees.

Therefore, the critical angles for red and blue light differ by approximately 0.064 degrees in flint glass surrounded by air.

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