Explain the terms phenotypic polymorphism and genetic polymorphism in common terms and give an example of each

Answer: Stop codon is reached

Explanation:

Termination of translation occurs when a stop codon is reached during protein synthesis. Stop codons do not code for amino acids but signal the end of translation. So the correct answer is option B.

During translation, the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is converted into a protein, termination occurs when a stop codon is encountered by the ribosome. Stop codons (specifically, UAA, UAG, and UGA) do not code for any amino acids but instead signal the end of protein synthesis.

When a stop codon is recognized by the ribosome, it does not correspond to any tRNA carrying an amino acid. Instead, it is recognized by release factors, which are proteins that promote the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain from the ribosome. This leads to the termination of translation.

After termination, the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA, and the newly synthesized protein is released into the cellular environment to carry out its specific functions.

The other options listed in the question (a, c, and d) do not accurately describe the termination of translation process. The end of the mRNA molecule, the 5' cap, and the poly-A tail are not directly involved in signaling the termination of translation.

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Answer:

Deserts can form even on tropical coasts beside cold ocean currents, such as the west coast of South America. The currents cool the air, which then rises and warms as it moves over land, drawing up moisture that is later precipitated as the air moves farther inland.

Answer:

Hi, there the answer is BB and Bb

Explanation:

By looking at the Punnett square, the alleles of the parents are BB and Bb. So, the correct option is B.

Alleles may be defined as the ultimate combination of one or two or more alternative forms of genes.

The Punnett square which is described below clearly demonstrates the allele BB on the horizontal side, while the alleles Bb on the vertical side.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.

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If the woman is homozygous then no offspring will be colorblind and if the woman is heterozygous then there are 50% chance of their male offspring being colorblind.

If the woman is not colorblind, it is unlikely that any of their male offspring will be colorblind because colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, and the woman must inherit two recessive genes (one from each parent) to be colorblind.

If the woman is heterozygous for colorblindness, there is a 50% chance that their male offspring will be colorblind as she can pass on one dominant gene which might result in colorblindness in the offspring.

Therefore, if a man and a woman who are not colorblind meet and have children, it is unlikely that any of their male offspring will be colorblind if the woman’s mother is colorblind. If the woman is heterozygous for colorblindness, there is a 50% chance that their male offspring will be colorblind.

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A chemical that blocks the voltage-gated sodium channels in the plasma membrane of a neuron would have a significant effect on its ability to depolarize.

During the process of depolarization, the voltage-gated sodium channels play a crucial role by allowing the influx of sodium ions into the neuron. This influx of positively charged sodium ions depolarizes the neuron, leading to the generation of an action potential.

If the voltage-gated sodium channels are blocked, the neuron's ability to depolarize would be impaired. The blockage of these channels would prevent the entry of sodium ions, thus inhibiting the rapid change in membrane potential necessary for depolarization. As a result, the neuron would have difficulty generating an action potential, affecting its ability to transmit electrical signals effectively.

Overall, blocking voltage-gated sodium channels would hinder depolarization and disrupt normal neuronal function.

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Complete question :

What effect would a chemical that blocks the voltage-gated sodium channels in the plasma membrane of a neuron have on its ability to depolarize?

The correct description of chemical equilibrium is: There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue.

In a chemical equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, meaning there is no net change in the concentrations of the reactants and products over time. At equilibrium, the system is dynamic, with both reactions still occurring but at the same rate.

The equal concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium arise from the balance between the forward and reverse reactions. Initially, as the reactants are converted into products, the concentrations of the products increase.

However, as the products accumulate, the reverse reaction also gains momentum and starts converting the products back into reactants. Eventually, a point is reached where the concentrations of the reactants and products become constant, indicating the establishment of equilibrium.

It's important to note that the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium can vary and are not necessarily equal to each other. The specific equilibrium concentrations depend on the reaction's stoichiometry and the initial concentrations of the reactants.

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Chemical equilibrium is achieved when forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, maintaining constant concentrations of reactants and products. This concept is often mistaken to mean equal concentrations of reactants and products, which is not necessarily true.

The correct description for a chemical equilibrium is that forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. This happens when the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, but that doesn't mean the concentrations of products and reactants are equal. Instead, equilibrium is characterized by constant amounts of reactant and product species.

To help visualize this, consider two chemicals A and B reacting to form C and D. At the beginning of the reaction, A and B are consumed causing their concentrations to decrease while C and D are produced, causing their concentrations to increase. As the concentration of A and B decreases, the forward reaction slows down but as the concentration of C and D increases, the reverse reaction speeds up. This process continues until the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and the concentrations of A, B, C and D remain constant over time, indicating that the chemical equilibrium has been reached.

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The energetic cost of converting lactate back to glucose per molecule of glucose generated is 6 ATPs.

Lactate is produced by anaerobic respiration in muscles when oxygen demand exceeds supply, causing fatigue. The liver converts the lactate back to glucose, which muscles can utilize for further energy production. There are two main pathways that produce ATP in human cells: aerobic respiration (requiring oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (not requiring oxygen).

During anaerobic respiration, energy is obtained from glucose without the use of oxygen. As a result of anaerobic metabolism, red blood cells generate lactate. Red blood cells are the only mammalian cells that lack mitochondria and consequently depend solely on anaerobic metabolism for energy production. This reliance on anaerobic metabolism has significant consequences, with lactate being continually produced as a byproduct.

The liver is responsible for converting lactate back to glucose in a process known as gluconeogenesis. It is an ATP-intensive process that consumes 6 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose generated, according to research.

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1) The Punnett square would show that if both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance (1:4) that their child will inherit two copies of the recessive allele and have cystic fibrosis.

2) In this case, the red and white alleles blend to produce a pink phenotype. Therefore, the answer is (b) incomplete dominance.

1) Cystic fibrosis, the chances of two normal individuals having a child with cystic fibrosis can be determined using a Punnett square. Since cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, both parents must carry a recessive allele for the disease in order for their child to inherit it.

The Punnett square would show that if both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance (1:4) that their child will inherit two copies of the recessive allele and have cystic fibrosis. Therefore, the answer is (a) 1:4 chance.

2) The occurrence of pink flowers resulting from crossing a red flower with a white flower indicates incomplete dominance. In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous genotype results in an intermediate phenotype. In this case, the red and white alleles blend to produce a pink phenotype. Therefore, the answer is (b) incomplete dominance.

Regarding blood types, the letters represent different markers on the surface of blood cells. The blood type system is based on specific antigens (proteins or sugars) present on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens determine the blood type classification (A, B, AB, or O). Therefore, the answer is (b) markers on the surface of blood cells.

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Answer:

Codominance means that neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele, in humans the eye colors of both alleles would be mixed. Like a brown-black. Incomplete dominance is if a parent had blue eyes and the child has brown eyes.

Explanation:

Thesis: Direct evidence, including kill sites and butchery sites, along with additional supporting factors, strongly support the involvement of Homo sapiens in the mass extinction of Holocene megafauna, aligning with the overkill hypothesis.

Kill sites as direct evidence

Kill sites such as Warratyi rock shelter and La Brea Tar Pits reveal concentrated deposits of megafauna remains alongside stone tools, directly linking Homo sapiens to their extinction.

Butchery sites as direct evidence

Butchery sites like Mammoth Site and Kostenki-Borshevo exhibit clear signs of human butchery on megafauna remains, such as cut marks and bone breakage patterns, providing direct evidence of human hunting and processing.

The correlation between the arrival of Homo sapiens and the decline of megafauna, coupled with population expansion and advanced hunting technologies, supports the overkill hypothesis. Climate change alone cannot explain the magnitude and timing of extinctions.

Direct evidence from kill and butchery sites, along with supporting factors, strongly indicate Homo sapiens' role in the mass extinction of Holocene megafauna. The association of stone tools with megafauna remains, presence of butchery signs, and the correlation between human arrival and extinctions provide compelling evidence for human-driven overhunting as a primary cause.

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Answer:

Answer is C

Explanation:

Although ions and most polar molecules cannot diffuse across a lipid bilayer, many such molecules (such as glucose) are able to cross cell membranes. These molecules pass across membranes via the action of specific transmembrane proteins, which act as transporters.

Neutrophils may demonstrate a markedly low presence in the infected tissue.

The presentation of delayed sloughing of the umbilical cord and edematous tissue suggests an infection in the umbilical stump, which is a common occurrence in neonates. Elevated levels of leukocytes in the peripheral blood also indicate an immune response to an infection.

In bacterial infections, neutrophils are the first immune cells to respond to the site of infection and play a crucial role in fighting off the invading pathogens. However, in some cases, certain bacterial infections may evade neutrophil response and replicate inside the host's body. This evasion mechanism could lead to a marked decrease in the number of neutrophils in the infected tissue.

Therefore, the presence of elevated leukocytes in peripheral blood and low numbers of neutrophils in the infected tissue could indicate a bacterial infection that is resisting neutrophil response.

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Answer: D. An attraction between atoms that allows them to form larger structures

Explanation:

took the lesson and it’s correct

Answer:

1) Temperate

2) Taiga

3) Temperate

4) Taiga

5)Temperate

6)Temperate

Explanation:

If this e-stuary is converted to a place used to build a hostel, there will be loss of breeding grounds for marine species.

An es-tuary is a point where salt water and fresh water meet. The es-tuaries are characterized by changes in salt concentration.

Now, if this estuary is converted to a place used to build a hostel, there will be loss of breeding grounds for marine species.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Because televisions are powered by electricity.

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No, radioactive uranium-235 cannot be used to directly date dinosaur fossils because its half-life is much longer than the age of the dinosaurs.

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 704 million years, which means it takes that amount of time for half of the uranium-235 in a sample to decay into other elements. Since the age of the dinosaurs is around 65.5 million years, the decay of uranium-235 would not provide a reliable method for dating dinosaur fossils. By the time 65.5 million years have passed, most of the uranium-235 would have decayed into other elements, making it difficult to accurately measure the remaining amount and determine the age of the fossils. Carbon-14 dating, on the other hand, is suitable for dating fossils up to 75,000 years old because carbon-14 has a shorter half-life of approximately 5,730 years, allowing for more precise dating within that time frame.

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Answer:

Yes. Because the flower blooms for only a short time, it needs to attract pollinators quickly so that it can reproduce. If it didn’t have this adaptation, the plant might not be able to produce offspring.

Explanation:

plato

Answer:

osteoblasts

Explanation:

Answer:

The respiratory system is a network of organisms and tissues that help you breathe. This system helps your body to absorb oxygen from the air so your organs work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood

hope i helped

Answer:

B. Invasive Species

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During middle childhood, the bones of the body lengthen and broaden.

The bones of the body lengthen and broaden during childhood. The ligaments are not yet firmly attached to bones. This non-attachment with increasing muscle strength, gives children unusual flexibility of movement.

So we can conclude that during middle childhood, the bones of the body lengthen and broaden.

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We can see here that Cook County, Georgia, will be affected in the future if the trend continues and aquifers are eventually depleted in the following way: C. Farmers would have less or no water for irrigation

A trend refers to a general direction or pattern of change in a particular field, domain, or society over a period of time. It represents the prevailing tendency or inclination towards a certain style, behavior, concept, or phenomenon that gains popularity or widespread acceptance.

Trends can emerge in various areas, including fashion, technology, culture, business, social media, entertainment, and more.

The graph shows that the water level in the aquifer is decreasing over time. This means that there will be less water available for irrigation in the future.

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The complete question is:

Based on the graph, how would Cook County, Georgia, affected in the future if the trend continues and aquifers are eventually depleted?

USGS well 18H016, Cook County, Georgia

160

165

170

175

180-

185

1967

1974

1981

Year

1988

1995

2002

A. Land may rise because the weight of the water no longer compacts it.

B. It would become easier to cultivate crops.

C. Farmers would have less or no water for irrigation

D. Vegetation fed by groundwater would flourish.

The signaling communication method in model I between cells at close range is by using paracrine signals.

Communication between cells is a mechanism for one cell influencing the properties of other cells to maintain homeostasis. Communication between cells is mediated by extracellular molecules that signal to cells that are far away or to cells that are in close proximity.

The short-range cell communication method is to use paracrine signaling sites for synthesizing molecules that operate with target cells. Examples of paracrine signals are the transmission of signals across the synaptic cleft and the electrical pulses released by neurons to other nerve cells.

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Answer: While active transport requires energy and work, passive transport does not. There are several different types of this easy movement of molecules.

Explanation:

Answer:

Passive transport.

Explanation:

Osmosis and diffusion because a single substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. Osmosis is a passive transport process during which water moves from areas where solutes are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

Answer:

The organism's genotype encodes their phenotype because the genotype corresponds to the characteristic that is determined by genes —formed by fragments of DNA— which are transcribed into mRNA to be translated into amino acid sequences in the synthesis of proteins, determining the morphological and functional characteristics of an organism, that is, its phenotype.

Explanation:

Genotype corresponds to the genetic information contained in the DNA, according to the sequence of nucleotides in its molecular structure. This genotype includes characteristics or polymorphisms that define the appearance and function of living beings.

Each DNA molecule constitutes a chromosome, formed by genes —DNA fragments— each of which determines specific characteristics.

When DNA is transcribed into mRNA, information is being sent that is necessary for the incorporation of amino acids into a protein that is being synthesized. The proteins, in turn, determine morphological and functional characteristics that constitute the phenotype of an individual.