explain the complex process by which the basilar membrane responds to various frequencies and describe the primary theory thought to correctly represent this process.

Answers

Answer 1

The basilar membrane is located in the cochlea. It forms the basis of the organ of Corti, which contains sensory receptors for hearing. Movement of the basilar membrane in response to sound waves causes  depolarization of hair cells in the organ of Corti. The hair cells transduce auditory signals into electrical impulses. These impulses are transmitted to the brain where they are interpreted as sound.

The entire basilar membrane from the base to the apex of the cochlea responds to intense low-frequency sounds, but when threshold is approached, it is  most effectively driven by sounds of progressively higher frequencies as one moves from the apex to the base of the cochlea.

Place Theory is a principle of listening to that affirms that, the regions of the basilar membrane are enormously specialized, with every region responding to a specific frequency. Our attention of sound relies upon  where every specific frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane.

By this principle, the pitch of a sound, including a human voice or a musical tone, is detected through the locations where the membrane vibrates, primarily based totally on frequencies similar to the tonotopic arrangement of the auditory neurons.

 

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Related Questions

Which is true about scientific Knowledge??

A. It is never reliable.
B. It is open to change.
C. It is rarely proven wrong.
D. It always becomes a fact.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The digestive system includes groups of tissues that absorb nutrients from food. What is the BEST way to classify this group of tissues?​

Answers

The best way to classify the group of tissues that absorb nutrients from food is as part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The tissues in the GI tract work together to break down food into its component parts and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. Other organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder also play important roles in digestion and nutrient absorption. Overall, the digestive system is a complex and highly coordinated system that is essential for maintaining good health.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

Those with favorable traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on genetic information for favorable traits to future generations.
Variation is normal in all populations.
Evolution can happen over the course of several days.
Natural selection causes evolution.

Answers

Natural selection will not occur unless genetic variation has an effect on organism survival and reproduction.

What determines if a trait is a beneficial adaptation or not?

The trait must first be advantageous, or improve the likelihood that the organism will survive and reproduce. In order for a trait to be passed on to an organism's progeny, it must also be heritable.

What is the mechanism by which organisms with advantageous features have a higher likelihood of surviving and procreating?

An evolutionary mechanism is natural selection. Environment-adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and dispersing the genes that contributed to their success. Over time, this mechanism leads to the evolution and divergence of species.

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The process of fermentation takes place

Answers

Answer:

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.

Explanation:

Fermentation occurs in yeast cells, and a form of fermentation takes place in bacteria and in the muscle cells of animals.

In which organizational level of life does natural selection occur?
A. Tissues
B. Ecosystems
C. Populations
D. Organisms

In which organizational level of life does natural selection occur?A. TissuesB. EcosystemsC. PopulationsD.

Answers

The answer I believe is B

Answer:

it is B.)

Explanation:

It happens in populations

Assignment debate on rainy season is better than dry season

Answers

This is an example of a debate on rainy season is better than dry season with the pros and cons of both seasons.

How to write a debate?

Pro: Rainy Season is Better Than Dry Season

Rainy season is better than dry season because it provides much-needed water for plants and animals. It also helps to cool the air and reduce the risk of wildfires. Additionally, rainy season is a time for many plants to bloom, which can be a beautiful sight to behold.

Some of the benefits of rainy season:

Increased water supply: Rainy season provides much-needed water for plants and animals. This is especially important in areas that are prone to drought.

Cooler air: Rainy season helps to cool the air, which can be a relief from the heat of the summer.

Reduced risk of wildfires: Rainy season helps to reduce the risk of wildfires by keeping the ground moist.

Increased plant growth: Rainy season is a time for many plants to bloom. This can be a beautiful sight to behold and can also provide food for animals.

Con: Dry Season is Better Than Rainy Season

Dry season is better than rainy season because it is less likely to cause flooding and mudslides. It is also a time for many plants to go dormant, which helps to conserve water. Additionally, dry season is a good time for farmers to harvest crops.

Some of the benefits of dry season:

Less flooding and mudslides: Dry season is less likely to cause flooding and mudslides because there is less water in the ground.

Plants go dormant: Many plants go dormant during dry season, which helps to conserve water.

Good time for farming: Dry season is a good time for farmers to harvest crops because the ground is dry and hard.

Conclusion

Rainy season and dry season both have their own benefits and drawbacks. Ultimately, the best season depends on the individual's needs and preferences. If you are looking for a season with plenty of water and cooler temperatures, then rainy season is the better choice.

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A rock can be defined by its texture and composition true or false

Answers

Answer:true

Explanation:im good with rocks

A yellow powder called make a flower?

Answers

Answer:

pollen

That yellow powder is called pollen, and the stick that holds it is called a stamen. Flowers reproduce when bees or other pollinators carry pollen between flowers.

The thingy is called pillen

Why is art a fun class to take.

Answers

Art class provides a creative outlet for self-expression and allows students to develop their imagination, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in a fun and engaging way.

What is an art class?

Art class provides a creative outlet for students to express themselves and unleash their imagination. It allows them to explore different mediums, techniques, and styles, and to experiment with color, form, and texture. In art class, there is no right or wrong answer, and students are free to experiment and make mistakes.

The class also encourages critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills, as students learn to discuss and analyze works of art. Art class is a place where students can forget about their other classes and just have fun making art.

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HELPPPPP Which of the following pieces of evidence supports that species change due to certain genetic variations? Darwin's theory of evolution was incorrect, as it did not account for variation in a species. Natural selection causes variation but cannot cause the evolution of a new species. Mutation and natural selection both cause changes in a population. Changes in a population abruptly occur as a direct response to the environment.

Answers

Answer:

D. Mutation and natural selection both cause changes in a population

Explanation:

I just took the test. Good luck! :)

The two evidences that supports the fact that species change due to certain genetic variations are that mutation and natural selection both cause changes in a population.

What is natural selection?

Natural selection is the postulation by Charles Darwin that organisms that are more adapted to their environment live longer and reproduce hence pass on their favorable traits to their offspring.

The two evidences that supports the fact that species change due to certain genetic variations are that mutation and natural selection both cause changes in a population.

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A mineral is described as "metallic." This description refers to its:



color

streak

hardness

luster

Answers

Answer:

Hardness

Explanation:

Physiology is the study of the structure of the body.

Answers

Answer:

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, Physiology is not.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

What is the crude mortality rate in this population in deaths per 10,000 per day?
(A) 303
(B) 7.6
(C) 3.7
(D) 7.7
(E) 1.9
(F) You can't tell from the information given

Answers

Answer:

you cant tell from the information given because we need the number of deaths

Explanation:

Describe two similarities in the structure of the organic molecules shown.

Describe two similarities in the structure of the organic molecules shown.

Answers

1 . They all contain carbon. Most of them are flammable.

2 . They are all soluble in non-polar solvents. They are mostly, are covalently bonded molecules.

Amino acids and nucleic acids are two examples of biomolecules found inside cells. C, H, O, as well as N make up amino acids and nucleic acids alike.

The basic building elements of the body, amino acid residues, are strung together to form peptides, which are then joined together by acids linked by peptide bonds proteins. The fundamental distinction is that peptides are composed of shorter molecules called amino acids versus proteins.

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1. Name four important biogeochemical processes that cycle matter.

Answers

Explanation:

water cycle

carbon cycle

nitrogen cycle

phosphorous cycle 

The area around a charge in which the electric force is experienced by other charged objects is the ______________

Answers

The area around a charge in which the electric force is experienced by other charged objects is the electric field.

The electric field is a property of the space around a charged object and is created by the presence of that charge. Any other charged object placed within the electric field will experience a force exerted on it due to the interactions between the electric charges.

The electric field can be thought of as a field of influence that extends throughout space, representing the force that would be experienced by a positive test charge placed at any given point within the field. The strength and direction of the electric field depend on the magnitude and sign of the charge creating the field. Electric field lines, which are used to visualize the electric field, point away from positive charges and towards negative charges.

The electric field plays a crucial role in understanding and describing the behavior of charged particles and the interactions between them. It is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism and has applications in various fields, including electronics, electrical engineering, and physics.

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explain how the bark of a tree is found how does it act as protective tissue​

Answers

Bark is formed as a result of the secondary growth in the plants. Phallogen cut the cell inside as phelloderm or secondary cortex and outer side as phellem of cork. The bark is a water proof protective layer (bark) present on the trees to prevent loss of water through evaporation.

what direction does energy transfer when it stops

Answers

Answer:

The direction of energy transfer is ALWAYS from hot --> cold.

Explanation:

hope it helps

1. How many out of 16 have black hair and long ears ?

2. How many out of 16 have black hair and floppy ears?

3. How many out of 16 have brown hair and long ears?

4. How many out of 16 have brown hair and floppy ears ? ​

Answers

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

Given

See attachment 1 for complete question

Solving (a): The completed square

To complete the square, we simply write out the column header and the row header in to the cell.

For instance:

Column header Be and Row header be will form cell Bbee

See attachment 2 for complete squares

Solving (b):

\((1)\ Black\ hair\ and\ long\ ears.\)

This is represented as: BBEE, BBEe, BbEE and BbEe

From the complete cells,

\(BBEE = 0\)

\(BBEe = 0\)

\(BbEE =0\)

\(BbEe = 8\)

So:

\(Total = 0 + 0 + 0 + 8\)

\(Total = 8\)

\((2)\ Black\ hair\ and\ floppy\ ears.\)

This is represented as: BBee and Bbee

From the complete cells,

\(BBee = 0\)

\(Bbee = 8\)

\(Total = 0 + 8\)

\(Total = 8\)

\((3)\ Brown\ hair\ and\ long\ ears.\)

This is represented as: bbEe and bbEE

From the complete cells,

\(bbEe = 0\)

\(bbEE = 0\)

\(Total = 0+0\)

\(Total = 0\)

\((4)\ Brown\ hair\ and\ floppy\ ears.\)

This is represented as: bbee

From the complete cells,

\(bbee = 0\)

\(Total = 0\)

1. How many out of 16 have black hair and long ears ? 2. How many out of 16 have black hair and floppy
1. How many out of 16 have black hair and long ears ? 2. How many out of 16 have black hair and floppy

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What are diseases caused by protozoa called?
a. cutaneous
b. infectious
c. contagious
d. fungal

Answers

Answer:

B. infectious

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

The answer is B

what term describe Movement of gases across the respiratory membrane in the pulmonary capillaries or into the alveoli?

Answers

Answer:

At the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls meet, gases move across the membranes, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting. It is through this mechanism that blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration, is removed from the body.

HELP!!!
Which of the following statements is not true with regards to the Calvin Cycle?

a. Ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated by the end of one cycle.

b. Carbon fixation occurs when carbon dioxide is added into the ribulose bisphosphate molecule.

c. The reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle culminates with the production of glucose or sucrose.

d. NADPH and ATP produced by the light reactions are only used during the reduction and regeneration
phases of the Calvin Cycle.

Answers

All of the given statements are true about Calvin cycle:

Ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated by the end of one cycle.Carbon fixation occurs when carbon dioxide is added into the ribulose bisphosphate molecule.The reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle culminates with the production of glucose or sucrose.NADPH and ATP produced by the light reactions are only used during the reduction and regeneration phases of the Calvin Cycle.

Calvin cycle is the first process of light-independent reactions where the inorganic carbon dioxide is trapped from environment to convert it into a stable organic molecule. There are three steps of Calvin cycle: carbon fixation, reduction and regeneration.

Reduction phase of the Calvin cycle is where the first stable organic product of the Calvin cycle undergoes reduction to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

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Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the figure above?
autocrine
long-distance
hormonal
synaptic
paracrine

Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the figure above?autocrinelong-distancehormonalsynapticparacrine

Answers

The following types of signaling which is represented in the figure above is referred to as synaptic and is therefore denoted as option D.

What is Synaptic signaling?

This type of signaling occurs between cells with the synapse such as between a neuron and the muscle that is controlled by neural activity in the nervous system of the individual in this type of scenario.

The diagram which was given below denotes a neuron and a synapse and the flow of signals are also denoted which makes it a synaptic signaling and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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Which of the following statements regarding the relationship of genes and enzymes is most accurate A) Enzymes and genes function cooperatively in the cell B) genes code for enzyme production C) Enzymes manufacture genes D) Enzymes and genes are chemically similar

Answers

Answer:

A. Enzymes and genes function cooperatively in the cell B) genes code for enzyme production.

Explanation:

Answer:

B) Genes code for enzyme production

Explanation:

I took the test!

Select the organ system which is best described in each sentence.
Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and hormones through the body?
Which organ system helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body?
Which organ system includes the brain?
The kidneys and the urethra are part of which body system?

Select the organ system which is best described in each sentence.Which organ system is responsible for

Answers

1. In the organ system, The circulatory system is responsible for providing gases, nutrients, and hormones around the body.

2. The organ system that helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body is the respiratory system.

3. The organ system that includes the brain is the nervous system.

4. The kidneys and the urethra are part of the urinary system.

1.The circulatory system is the organ system in charge of delivering nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues, delivering nutrients and oxygen, while the blood vessels act as a network of highways to distribute these substances to cells and organs.

2. The respiratory system is the organ system that assists waste gases such as carbon dioxide in leaving the body. The lungs, airways, and respiratory muscle are all part of it. During respiration, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed from the body. The lungs exchange gases by inhaling oxygen-rich air and exhaling carbon dioxide.

3. The nervous system is the organ system that contains the brain, as well as the spinal cord and nerves. The brain is the body's command and control Centre, coordinating and regulating many physical activities and processes.

4. The kidneys and the urethra are part of the urinary system. The urinary system is responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood, producing urine, and eliminating it from the body. The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and excess substances, while the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination.

These organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis and ensure the proper functioning of the human body.

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Answer:

Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and hormones through the body?

✔ cardiovascular system

Which organ system helps waste gases such as carbon dioxide leave the body?

✔ respiratory system

Which organ system includes the brain?

✔ nervous system

The kidneys and the urethra are part of which body system?

✔ urinary system


what would happen if the hydrogen ion pumps in the tigers mitochondiar stopped functioning

Answers

If the hydrogen ion pumps in the tiger's mitochondria stopped functioning, it would have severe consequences on the process of oxidative phosphorylation and the overall production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of cells.

The hydrogen ion pumps, also known as the electron transport chain complexes, play a crucial role in oxidative phosphorylation. They are responsible for creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane by pumping hydrogen ions (protons) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This proton gradient is essential for the functioning of ATP synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes ATP.

Without functioning hydrogen ion pumps, the proton gradient would not be established. As a result, ATP synthase would not be able to generate ATP efficiently. This would lead to a significant reduction in ATP production, which is essential for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, biosynthesis of molecules, active transport, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

The lack of ATP production would cause a rapid depletion of cellular energy reserves. Cells would struggle to carry out their normal functions, and the tiger would experience a loss of energy and overall decline in physical performance. Vital processes such as muscle movement, digestion, and even basic metabolic functions would be compromised.

Additionally, the accumulation of hydrogen ions within the mitochondrial matrix would disrupt the pH balance, affecting the efficiency of other metabolic pathways and potentially leading to cellular damage or dysfunction.

In summary, the dysfunction of hydrogen ion pumps in the tiger's mitochondria would severely impair ATP production, resulting in a decline in energy levels and overall cellular function. It would have significant implications for the tiger's survival and well-being.

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As sediment is transported by erosion it can become sorted by grain size. True or false

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation: As sediment is transported by erosion, it can become sorted by grain size. The reason for this is because gravity forces the heavier particles to settle out first, while the lighter and smaller particles are carried further. This process is called sorting; sorting can render the separation of particles by grain size as it is transported by erosion.

The diagram below represents a stack of rock layers. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.

What do these layers and their fossils suggest about Earth's history?
A.
There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.
B.
Lifeforms on Earth have been the same over time.
C.
No lifeforms were present when these layers formed.
D.
Only one kind of lifeform lived where these layers formed.

The diagram below represents a stack of rock layers. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that

Answers

Fossils are animals and vegetable remains that get deposited or printed in sedimentary layers. Option A is correct: There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.

What is a fossil?

Fossils are animal and vegetable rests found in different strata of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary layers deposit chronologically, so they are used to reflect history. They keep in each layer some of the forms of life that inhabited that area in the past.

Fossils are very useful while dating ages. Index fossils are the fossilized organizms that only used to exist in a given era or geological period during evolution.

Fossil registers show that similar or different structured have been inhabiting the same area in the same period of time.

According to this framework, we can assume option A is correct: There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.

In the image, from the bottom (oldest layers) to the upper part (most recent layers), we can see how the organisms inhabiting this area changed with the pass of time.

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6. What kind of waste can compost be made from-biodegradable
or non-biodegradable?

Answers

Answer:

Composting is possible with the wastes which can decay by itself, like fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, flowers etc. Non biodegradable wastes will not decay by itself. Hence, compost cannot be made from non biodegradable wastes.

Composting is possible with the wastes which can decay by itself, like fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, flowers etc. Non biodegradable wastes will not decay by itself. Hence, compost cannot be made from non biodegradable wastes.

Hope it helps...

I need to know the hypothesized enzyme

I need to know the hypothesized enzyme

Answers

Answer:

Hypotheis:

If high amounts of product in the samples, '+++' , correlates with optimal temperatures and pH for enzyme activity, then...

A- PepsinB- Amylase C- thermophilic enzyme

Explanation:

Enzymes are specialized proteins that function as biological catalysts- they speed up chemical reactions. As proteins, these are susceptible to changes in temperature and pH- they function best at optimal values for both conditions, but can be denatured, rendering them inactive at relative extremes.

Each enzyme provided has its own optimal temperature and pH values.

Thermophilic enzymes are usually found in regions characterized by high temperatures. They show high thermostability, and do not become denatured at high temperatures- they thrive, and do not function well at lower temperatures.Amylase is a hydrolase digestive enzyme found in the mouth, that acts on polysaccharides like starch to break 1,4  glycosidic bonds between glucose molecules. It works best at a physiological (neutral) pH and temperatures (around 37°)Pepsin, another digestive enzyme, is a peptidase that breaks down proteins into peptide molecules. It is found in the stomach lining, where the pH  is typically low i.e. acidic due to the hydrochloric acid in digestive juices.

Thus from the table A- pepsin, B- Amylase and C- thermophilic enzyme can be hypothesized.

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