Answer:
These internal membranes stack on top of each other, just like a stack of pancakes.
The structure of a chloroplast, specifically its membranes and thylakoids, makes its function, the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, more efficient because it provides a large surface area for the reactions to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction.
The membranes of a chloroplast are made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules, which form a lipid bilayer. This structure provides a large surface area for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis to occur on. The thylakoids, which are stacks of membrane-bound compartments, increase the surface area even further.
In addition, the structure of the thylakoids allows the reactions of photosynthesis to be organized in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana, which are interconnected by strands of thylakoid membrane called stroma lamellae. The thylakoid membranes within a granum are organized into discrete units called photosystems, which are the sites of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membranes within the stroma lamellae are the site of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. This organization allows the products of the light-dependent reactions, which are carried out in the thylakoid membranes of the grana, to be used immediately in the light-independent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes of the stroma lamellae.
Overall, the structure of a chloroplast, with its membranes and thylakoids, provides a large surface area for the reactions of photosynthesis to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. This makes the function of the chloroplast, photosynthesis, more efficient.
ayo ill give brainliest if u re-write this in a different wording!
I believe that the young Earth creationism make more sense. If this universe exists for million years, we might know more record of the history, our technology might be better. Phones, computers, and TVs will not be invented at 20th and 21th century, they shall be invent earlier. The Earth might be destroyed because all the time people are making environmental damage. If the world exists for million years, and people are destroyed the world every day, that our home Earth might already be destroy and disappear. Any way I think both theories are support with the evidence, and both have possibilities. Nevertheless, I believed the word of the Bible, that God created this world by his word. No matter when God created this world, it was perfect at the beginning, because Adam and Eve sinned so sin came to this world.
Answer:
in my opinion the young Earth creationism makes more sense. say if the world exists for many more years to come we will therefore know more about he history resulting to us having a better quality of technology since we have more information, more history. Because of this the technology we have today like phones computers ect would have been invented much earlier in history due to the amount of information we would have retained. I believe this would cause destruction upon our planet mainly because people are consistently creating environmental damage. imagine if the earth exists for a million more years, and people destroy the earth daily then our planet may be gone forever and we would be the cause of this incident. in conclusion I believe in what God says in what it says in the holy Bible as it says in the genesis how God created this world perfectly in 6 days and Adam and Eve ate the apple from the tree this was the reason for sin coming down on to earth otherwise we would all be in heaven.
what kind of semiconductor contains extra electrons? what kind of semiconductor has extra holes?
A semiconductor that contains extra electrons is called N type semiconductor.
A semiconductor that has extra holes is called P type semiconductor.
Semiconductors explained.
A semiconductor that contains extra electrons is called N type semiconductor. In N type semiconductors, additional electrons are introduced through a process called doping, where impurities with extra valence electrons are added to the semiconductor material.
On the other hand, a semiconductor that has extra holes is called P type semiconductor. In P type semiconductors, impurities with fewer valence electrons than the host material are introduced through doping. These impurities create holes or vacancies in the valence band, which act as mobile carriers of positive charge.
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2. Investigate the conditions required for seeds to germinate. Set up your apparatus as shown in figure. Keep the dishes at room temperature for a week. Explain your observations.
Below is the response:
What does seed germination mean?Germination is the first stage of a seed's development into a seedling. To germinate, seeds require the appropriate combination of temperature, oxygen, and water. In a state of suspended animation known as dormancy, seeds wait to germinate until the environment is favorable for their survival and growth.
The option missing in the query is:
Dry cotton wool
wet cotton wool
covered with water
The initial conditions needed for a seed to germinate are as follows:
warm temperatures are needed for effective enzyme operation.
water, where chemical reactions can occur.
oxygen, for breathing.
Observations:
Seeds planted here won't sprout because of the dry cotton wool. Since some of the prerequisites are not met, they won't exhibit any modifications. (Water isn't present.)
Seeds placed on wet cotton wool will germinate since all the circumstances are there for germinations to occur.
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what are 15 important events in the science of astronomy?
3114 BC
585 BC
467 BC
400 BC
387 BC
270 BC
240 BC
150 BC
6 BC
4 BC
140
400
499
628
773
777
830
Question 14 (2 points) The process of evolution that involves a change in the DNA sequence that leads to evolutionary change is called natural selection. O mutation. genetic drift. migration.
The process of evolution that involves a change in the DNA sequence that leads to evolutionary change is called a mutation.
A mutation is a sudden and lasting alteration in the DNA sequence that can influence genetic variation. Changes in the DNA sequence can influence phenotype, which may or may not have an effect on an organism's fitness. Mutations occur spontaneously, either from errors in DNA replication or from exposure to mutagenic agents. Mutations may happen in either coding or non-coding regions of the DNA, and they can be either silent or expressed.
Evolution is a natural process that results in the gradual change of inherited characteristics in populations over generations. It is the process of alteration in the inherited characteristics of species over successive generations. In other words, it is the process of gradual changes that happen to species over time as they adapt to their environments. It can be defined as a change in the gene frequency in a population over time.
Types of Evolution 1. Natural Selection 2. Genetic Drift 3. Gene Flow 4. Mutation 5. Non-Random Mating 6. Admixture 7. Mutation Pressure 8. Genetic Draft 9. Bottleneck and Founder Effect 10. Sexual Selection the process of evolution that involves a change in the DNA sequence that leads to evolutionary change is called a mutation.
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a scientist begins working by trying to explain a natural occurence that is...
1. consistent
2. observable
3. In a lab
4. undetectable
Answer:
Observable
Explanation:
An observable phenomenon leads to an hypothesis.
Answer:
2. observable
Explanation:
The scientific method relies on a scientist being able to study an occurrence and understand it. So, all the occurrences must be observable; otherwise, they cannot be studied. If the patterns are observable then one can follow the scientific method and experiment with the different variables. All science depends on the observable world and the people that study it.
Using indoor tanning bed before the age of 35 can increase your risk of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, by 59 percent. The risk increases with each use. Research demonstrates that even people who do not burn after indoor tanning or sun exposure are at an increased risk of melanoma if they tan indoors; therefore, exposure to the radiation emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a:
a) mutation in a protein
b) mutation in the genetic material
c) change in fat molecule
d) change in a starch molecule
Answer: mutation in the genetic material
Explanation: just took the test and got it right
This cancer is the direct result of a mutation in the genetic material.
What is Mutation?Genetic mutations, which occur as your cells divide and generate duplicates of themselves, are modifications to your DNA sequence. Your DNA teaches your body how to develop and work.
Genetic changes may result in diseases like cancer or, in the long run, may enable people to adapt to their environment more successfully.
A change in the DNA sequence is referred to as a genetic mutation. Your cells receive the information they require to carry out their functions from your DNA sequence.
Therefore, This cancer is the direct result of a mutation in the genetic material.
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if you have a pet that isnt getting nourishment from the food it eats, which organ might have a problem?
They become more vulnerable to infections, skin problems, and hair loss without a healthy diet.
What transpires when animals don't consume enough food?They become more vulnerable to infections, skin problems, and hair loss without a healthy diet. insufficient energy Lack of energy is another obvious indicator of malnutrition, particularly when it comes to carbs.Any condition that makes a dog feel unwell, including renal illness, pancreatitis, intestinal parasites, liver disease, cancer, infection, intestinal blockage, etc., can make a dog refuse food and drink. Dogs cannot go without water for more than a few days, much like people, thus this should be taken seriously.The most typical nutritional shortfall that affects grazing animals' performance is an energy shortage. Feed may not be sufficient because of overgrazing, dryness, low quality, difficulty in digesting, or cost.To learn more about healthy diet refer to:
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Question 3 of 25
Which sentence describes the energy changes that occur when a chemical
reaction happens?
OA. Energy is released to break bonds in the reactants and absorbed
when the bonds in the products form.
OB. Energy is absorbed to break bonds in the reactants and to form
bonds in the products.
OC. Energy is absorbed to break bonds in the reactants and released
when the bonds in the products form.
OD. Energy is released when bonds in the reactants break and when
bonds in the products form..
During a chemical reaction energy is absorbed whenever a bond breaks while during the formation of a bond, energy is released. Option C is correct.
The energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction are studied as a part of thermochemistry.
Energy changes are present in all chemical reactions. In some chemical reactions, these changes in energy can be seen as an increase or decrease in total system energy. In other chemical reactions, these changes are seen as changes in temperature. Changes in energy can be seen when a reaction begins to emit light. Or when a reaction only works when light is applied to it.
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Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit? a. Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. b. These plants lack the vascular tissues (.e.), structural support to stand erect in air. C. There were no available nutrients in the soil d. There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat.
Correct answer is B. Biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit because the ancestors of land plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air.
Around 470 million years ago, during the Ordovician epoch, when life was rapidly diversifying, the first terrestrial plants evolved. They were shallow-rooted non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts.
A major extinction occurred after around 35 million years, when ice sheets momentarily covered a large portion of the world. Nobody knew why carbon dioxide levels likely dropped significantly right before the ice came.
The liverworts and mosses, according to Tim Lenton of the University of Exeter in the UK and colleagues, are to blame.
It's not the first time that vegetation has been blamed for glacial. Researchers already believe that another cold age was brought on by the emergence of vascular plants in the Devonian epoch, some 100 million years later.
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Find out two types of water purification and name and describe them here.
Answer:
1. Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis works by forcing feedwater through a semi-permeable membrane.
A pump is used to apply pressure to reverse the normal osmotic flow across a membrane, meaning purified water molecules (permeate) are forced through the reverse osmosis membrane and recovered in preference to contaminants in the concentrated side which are left behind (reject concentrate).
2. Oxidisation
Oxidisation in the form of chlorination has been used as a means of water purification since the beginning of the last century. Hypochlorite is the key agent, achieving a disinfection of water by oxidising bacteria to eliminate waterborne diseases. Several different methods can be used to provide oxidation, including ozonation, chloramination, UV, bromination & chlorine dioxide. During the treatment, hydroxyl radicals are generated to destroy bacteria cells.
which parts of the nervous system performs integrative functions, sensory functions, and motor functions?
The central nervous system is responsible for performing integrative functions, sensory functions, and motor functions. The brain and the spinal cord are the two components of the central nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system includes sensory neurons that receive information and motor neurons that convey information away from the central nervous system. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and it is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the peripheral nervous system. The brain and spinal cord are involved in the processing of sensory information, as well as the initiation and regulation of motor functions.
The integration of sensory and motor information is also handled by the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, including sensory neurons that receive information and motor neurons that convey information away from the CNS. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting information between the central nervous system and the body's muscles and organs.
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Nitrogen bases pair with bases that are...
available
complementary
complementary and identical
identical
Nitrogenous bases basically pairs with bases that are complementary. The correct option is B.
What are nitrogenous bases?Nucleobases, also referred to as nitrogenous bases or purely bases, are nitrogen-containing biological molecules that form nucleosides, which are then constituents of nucleotides, all of which are the basic building boxes of nucleic acids.
A set of 5 nitrogenous bases is used to build nucleotides, which then in results nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
These bases are critical because their sequencing in DNA and RNA is how information is stored.
A base pair in DNA are complementary to each other. Under normal conditions, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair, whilst also cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair.
The structure of DNA is formed by the binding of these base pairs.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure outside. This process is called expiration, and it is a passive process that occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm and rib cage relax, causing the volume of the lungs to decrease.
When the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure outside, air moves out of the lungs. This process is known as expiration. Expiration, in general, refers to the process of exhaling or breathing out. It is a physiological process in which the diaphragm, muscles, and other structures in the thorax contract, resulting in the expulsion of air from the lungs.In a relaxed position, the pressure inside the lungs is equal to the pressure outside. However, during expiration, the pressure inside the lungs increases due to the contraction of the muscles in the thorax. As a result, air moves out of the lungs and into the environment where the atmospheric pressure is lower. Therefore, the pressure inside the lungs becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure outside, and air flows out of the lungs.
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Image transcription text1.: 11111 La L1U 1.1 ' 1. Genetic analyses are also used by scientists to determine if a hive has been "Hybridized."
What are the merits and limitations to this approach? Merit —
Limitation - ... Show more
The merits of the genetic analyses approach include:
Accuracy Relatively quickThe limitations include:
Expensive Limited in hybridization detection What are the merits and demerits of genetic analyses approach?Genetic analyses are very accurate. They can identify even small amounts of foreign DNA, which makes them ideal for detecting hybridization. Genetic analyses are relatively quick and easy to perform. This makes them a convenient and cost-effective way to test for hybridization.
Genetic analyses can be expensive. This may be a barrier for some beekeepers or researchers. Genetic analyses can only be used to detect hybridization if the foreign DNA is from a known species of honeybee. This means that genetic analyses cannot be used to detect hybridization between honeybees and other species of bees.
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1. What structures allow water vapor to escape the leaves of a plant?
a) Stomata
b) Leaf veins
c) Cell walls
d) Mesophyll cells
Water pressures in the guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata in leaves. So A. Stomata is the right answer.
Stomata are tiny pores that allow for gas exchange in plant tissue. While stomata can be found on some stems as well, they are more frequently found on plant leaves.
Guard cells are specialised cells that surround stomata and are used to open and close stomatal openings. The stomata of a plant allow it to take in carbon dioxide, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
They also helped to prevent water loss by closing during hot or dry conditions. To assist the body sweat, stomata resemble tiny mouths that open and close.
Therefore, the stomata on leaves open and close according to the water pressure in the guard cells.
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Does anyone understand this? Help!
Why don’t earthquakes count as severe weather? Explain your answer.
Answer:
There is no such thing as "earthquake weather". ... Very large low-pressure changes associated with major storm systems (typhoons, hurricanes, etc) are known to trigger episodes of fault slip (slow earthquakes) in the Earth's crust and may also play a role in triggering some .
. G0 is a non-dividing phase of the cell cycle where the cell is not preparing to replicate. Cells may enter G0 during G1 and remain for the rest of their life, or a signal may cause them to re-enter G1 and continue in the cell cycle.
Consider two cells: a stomach-lining epithelial cell dividing more than twice a day and a liver cell dividing every year or two. Which cell is likely to be in G0 phase and why?
Type your answer here.
A large circle shows the cell cycle model, with sections for the G 1 phase, S phase, G 2 phase, and cell division or M phase. Adjacent to the large circle at the G 1 phase is a small circular arrow, labeled G zero phase.
The liver cell is more likely to be in G₀ phase compared to the stomach-lining epithelial cell.
Why is a liver cell is capable of dividing?This is because the stomach-lining epithelial cell needs to divide more than twice a day to replace the cells that are lost due to wear and tear. Therefore, it needs to keep progressing through the cell cycle and cannot afford to remain in G₀ phase for a long time.
On the other hand, the liver cell divides very slowly, and may only divide once every year or two. Hence, it is more likely to enter G₀ phase during the cell cycle and remain there until it receives a signal to re-enter G₁ and continue with the cell cycle.
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delia uses a new cleaning solution in her washing machine that removes stains from clothing using enzymes. the cleaning solution label warns her not to use the product with detergents. why should she adhere to the warning? detergents can cause damage to her clothing. detergents raise ph levels, inhibiting the enzyme activity. cleaning enzymes damage clothing when mixed with detergents. detergents act as a catalyst to increase enzyme activity.
The correct option is B, She adheres to the warning detergents raise ph levels, inhibiting the enzyme activity.
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. In biology, pH levels are important because they can affect the function of biological molecules, enzymes, and cellular processes. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Solutions with a pH below 7 are considered acidic, while those with a pH above 7 are basic or alkaline.
In living organisms, maintaining a relatively constant pH is crucial for proper physiological functioning. For example, blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45, as even slight changes in pH can lead to serious health problems. Enzymes also have an optimal pH range in which they function best, and deviating from this range can lead to decreased activity or denaturation.
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Complete Question:
Delia uses a new cleaning solution in her washing machine that removes stains from clothing using enzymes. the cleaning solution label warns her not to use the product with detergents. why should she adhere to the warning?
A). detergents can cause damage to her clothing.
B). detergents raise ph levels, inhibiting the enzyme activity.
C). cleaning enzymes damage clothing when mixed with detergents.
D). detergents act as a catalyst to increase enzyme activity.
malthus' essay suggested to darwin that populations do not grow unchecked, and that not all offspring ____________ .
Malthus' essay suggested to Darwin that populations do not grow unchecked, and that not all offspring survive.
Thomas Malthus' "An Essay on the Principle of Population" taught Darwin that populations do not grow unchecked and that not all children survive. Malthus argued that since population growth will always outrun food production, which can only increase arithmetically at most, poverty and misery are inevitable.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution explains how natural selection propels the evolution of species over time. Natural selection is the process through which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. With time, this process may alter the characteristics of a population, leading to the eventual development of new species.
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Malthus' essay suggested to Darwin that populations do not grow unchecked, and that not all offspring survive to reproduce.
Thomas Malthus was a British economist who wrote an essay in 1798 entitled "An Essay on the Principle of Population." In this essay, Malthus argued that human populations tend to grow faster than their food supply, leading to a population "crisis" in which many individuals suffer from hunger and poverty. Malthus suggested that this crisis could be averted through moral restraint, such as delaying marriage and having fewer children.
Darwin read Malthus' essay in the early 1830s, and it influenced his thinking about the process of natural selection. Darwin recognized that populations tend to produce more offspring than can survive, and that the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This process of "survival of the fittest" leads to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time, as advantageous traits become more common and disadvantageous traits become less common.
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What is the purpose of heart model?
Answer:
The goal of the heart model activity is for students to gain a greater understanding of the physiology of the heart.
Explanation:
The heart model exercise is designed to help students comprehend the mechanics of the heart better. The pupils must collaborate in two-person groups. A cardiac model that depicts the main components of the heart as well as the blood circulation pathway should suffice as a minimal expectation.
What makes a heart model crucial?To aid with better detection and treatment of heart illnesses such arrhythmia, atrial, and irregular heartbeat, heart modeling can objectively examine the pathological and physiological mechanisms underlying these conditions.
The cardiac pump model stands for what?This cardiac model is a fantastic way to illustrate one heart chamber and valve. Two characteristics of the heart maintain proper blood flow. They are valves and chambers. Blood flows into chambers, which are subsequently squeezed to pump blood out.
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What does an author give texture, sound, and motivation to in order to bring it to life?
dialogue
setting
character
perspective
Pls help Environmental Science
Answer:
What is your chosen ecosystem?
Explanation:
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism how can they relate to a school
Answer:
same way a group of similar cells make a tissue, a group a students/ pupils make a class...
which ter,s descrobes each of these steps in the translation process
a.The ribosomeshifts down to the next codon on the mRNA elongation b.The large and smalt ribosomal subunits, a tRNA carrying methionine and the mRNA transcript combine =
c. A stop codon enters the A site on the ribosome - Termination d.The growing peptide carned by the RNA at the site on the ribosome is transfered to the amino acid carried by the tRNA at the A site- e.A MrNA codon is matched with the RNA with a complementary anti-codon
a. Elongation: Ribosome shifts to the next mRNA codon.
b. Initiation: Ribosomal subunits, tRNA, mRNA combine.
c. Termination: Stop codon enters A site.
d. Translocation: Peptide transferred from P to A site.
e. Codon-Anticodon Recognition: mRNA codon matches tRNA anticodon.
a. Elongation: During translation, after the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon, it shifts down to the next codon on the mRNA.
b. Initiation: Translation begins with the assembly of the translation initiation complex. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA, and the initiator tRNA carrying methionine binds to the start codon.
c. Termination: When a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) enters the A site of the ribosome, it does not have a corresponding tRNA.
d. Translocation: During elongation, the growing polypeptide chain is transferred from the tRNA in the P site to the amino acid carried by the tRNA in the A site.
e. Codon-Anticodon Recognition: Each mRNA codon is matched with a complementary anticodon on the tRNA. The anticodon of the tRNA recognizes and binds to the codon on the mRNA through base pairing rules.
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in the threat model stride, the s stands for ____ or pretending to be someone else.
In the threat model STRIDE, the "S" stands for Spoofing or pretending to be someone else.
STRIDE is a mnemonic that stands for the six primary threat categories that can affect computer security: Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, and Elevation of Privilege.
The STRIDE model helps developers and security professionals to identify and mitigate potential security threats by categorizing them into these six categories.
Spoofing refers to an attack where an attacker pretends to be someone else in order to gain unauthorized access to a system or network.
This can be done in a variety of ways, such as by using a fake email address or website that looks legitimate, or by using stolen credentials to log in as someone else.
Spoofing attacks can be particularly dangerous because they can be difficult to detect and can allow an attacker to access sensitive data or perform malicious actions without being detected.
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helppppppppppppppp
plsssssssssssssss
Answer:
The following is not a Eukaryotic cell actually. It is a prokaryotic cell mainly because it has a tail and no Eukaryotes have an attached tail. It is a unicellular organism with no nucleus. So, the image above is not a eukaryote. Hope this helps. :]
An earthquake occurs in which 'sphere?
Answer:it effects the biosphere and the hydroshere
Explanation: i learned this pls mark brainlist
Answer:
lithosphere
Explanation:
earthquakes are caused by shifts in the outer layers
hope that helps
Have a good day
please help answer this quickly
Answer:
wow l like question... l love fish thank u
Answer:
Your answer is D
Hope this helps!
please help i’ll give brainliest
Answer:
its the second answer
Explanation: