Electrons are:
A) dispersed throughout the open space in a atom
B) are fixed with in a electron orbitals
C)not moving in a planar motion
D) all of the above

Answer:

B. a covalent bond.

The statement that is true of a Lewis base is that a Lewis base donates electron pairs (option A).

A Lewis base is any nucleophylic compound that can donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.

On the other hand, a Lewis acid is any electrophylic compound that can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.

This means that a Lewis base can donate a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid to form a product containing a coordinate covalent bond. This product is also referred to as a Lewis adduct.

Therefore, option A is correct about Lewis base

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Answer:

Common combustion reactions break the bonds of hydrocarbon molecules,

Explanation:

the resulting water and carbon dioxide bonds always release more energy than was used to break the original hydrocarbon bonds. That's why burning materials mainly made up of hydrocarbons produces energy and is exothermic.

The number of molecules in 1.71  moles of magnesium oxide is 0.56.02310 23 =3.011510 23.

Avogadro's number (6.022140857 1023) states that all substances have exactly the same number of molecules in a mole.

Determine the substance's molecular weight for one mole in order to calculate the necessary number of molecules. Next, divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass, and multiply the result by the Avogadro constant.

17.4 mol Mn2(Cr2O7)3 to g

6.11 mol SF6 to L at STP

=1L -7.466L⟶

Avogadro calculated that a mole of magnesium oxide comprises 6.023 x 6.11 molecules.

The number of molecules in 1.71  moles of magnesium oxide is 0.56.02310 23 =3.011510 23.

The complete question is Calculate the number of molecules6.11 mol SF6 to L at STP

2. 16 mol bromine monochloride to L at STP

3. 30.3 g magnesium oxide to mol

4. 17.4 mol Mn2(Cr2O7)3 to g

5. 1.71 mol Cr2(SO4)3

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Answer:

Some materials let electricity pass through them easily. These materials are known as electrical conductors. Many metals, such as copper, iron and steel, are good electrical conductors.

I hope it's helpful!

The Atomic Number, Mass Number, Number of protons, Number of neutrons, Number of electrons, Element, and Symbol is shown below:

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom of the element.

The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom of the element.

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The final temperature : T₂=209.86 K = -63.1 °C

Given

V₁=568 cm³

T₁=25° C+ 273 = 298 K

V₂=400 cm³

Required

Final temperature(T2)

Solution

Charles's Law

When the gas pressure is kept constant, the gas volume is proportional to the temperature  

\(\tt \dfrac{V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{V_2}{T_2}\)

T₂=(V₂.T₁)/V₁

T₂=(400.298)/568

T₂=209.86 K = -63.1 °C

Approximately 70.57 mL of 1.00 M NaOH should be added to 250 mL of 0.50 M CH3CO₂H to produce a buffer with a pH of 4.50.

To determine the volume of 1.00 M NaOH required to produce a buffer with a pH of 4.50 when added to 250 mL of 0.50 M CH3CO₂H, we need to consider the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the stoichiometry of the reaction.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a buffer solution is given as:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

In this case, CH3CO₂H (acetic acid) acts as the weak acid (HA) and CH3COO- (acetate ion) acts as its conjugate base (A-). We are given that the desired pH is 4.50, and we can determine the pKa value for acetic acid from reference sources, which is approximately 4.75.

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can rearrange it to solve for the ratio [A-]/[HA]:

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa)

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(4.50 - 4.75) = 10^(-0.25) = 0.5623

This means that the ratio of the acetate ion to acetic acid in the buffer solution should be approximately 0.5623.

To calculate the required volume of NaOH, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction. Acetic acid reacts with hydroxide ions (OH-) to form acetate ions and water:

CH3CO₂H + OH- → CH3COO- + H2O

The stoichiometric ratio between acetic acid and hydroxide ions is 1:1. Therefore, the volume of 1.00 M NaOH needed can be calculated using the equation:

Volume (NaOH) × 1.00 M = Volume (CH3CO₂H) × 0.50 M × 0.5623

Volume (NaOH) = (Volume (CH3CO₂H) × 0.50 M × 0.5623) / 1.00 M

Volume (NaOH) = (250 mL × 0.50 M × 0.5623) / 1.00 M

Volume (NaOH) ≈ 70.57 mL

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When drawing an electron dot diagram, you need to check the exact number of electrons that an atom has in its shell, only the valence electrons must be drawn

Answer:

Electrolysis is a process in which an electric current is used to drive a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur.

When an electric current is passed through the cell, the ions in the electrolyte solution are attracted to the electrodes and undergo a chemical reaction at the surface of the electrodes.

hope this helps :)

the mass of boron present in 30 g of borax is ​1.991×10²⁴

Chemical element boron has the atomic number 5 and the letter B in its symbol. It is an amorphous brown powder and a brittle, black, glossy metalloid in its crystalline form. There may be antioxidant effects of boron. Boron is frequently used to treat vaginal yeast infections and boron insufficiency. Additionally, it is used to treat menstrual cramps, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and numerous other ailments, but many of these applications lack strong scientific backing.

Molar mass of B = 10.81g/mol

So, 1 mole of B = 10.81g

and 1 mole = NA= 6.023×10²³

By combining,

10.81g of B = 6.023×10²³ atoms of B thus,

35.76g of B = 6.023×10²³

10.81×35.76

35.76g of B

= 1.991*10²⁴

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Answer:

oxygen = 4.7 * 10^-6

Nitrogen = = 9.7 * 10^6

Explanation:

partial pressure of oxygen = 0.20 atm

partial pressure of Nitrogen = 0.80 atm

calculate the mole fractions of oxygen and Nitrogen in water

Temp = 298k

applying henry's law

molar conc of oxygen in water ( Coxygen )

= Kp = 1.3 * 10^-3 Mol/L.atm * 0.20 atm = 2.6 * 10^-4 Mol

molar conc of Nitrogen in water ( Cnitrogen )

= Kp = 6.8 * 10^-4 Mol/L.atm * 0.80 atm = 5.4 * 10^-4

next Given that the number of moles in 1 liter of water = 55.5 mol  

therefore the mole fraction of oxygen

= 2.6 * 10^-4 / 55.5

= 4.7 * 10^-6

mole fraction of Nitrogen

= 5.4 * 10^-4  / 55.5

= 9.7 * 10^6

Saturation concentration refers to the highest concentration of a substance that can exist in a solution in equilibrium with its solid or gaseous form. A saturation concentration less than 5 but greater than 2 is a relatively broad range, and many different chemicals could fall within this range depending on the conditions of the solution.

Examples of chemicals with saturation concentration less than 5 but greater than 2 include:

Calcium carbonate, which has a saturation concentration of around 3.5 g/L at room temperature and normal pressure

Iron(III) hydroxide, which has a saturation concentration of around 3.5 g/L at room temperature and normal pressure

Potassium chloride, which has a saturation concentration of around 3.5 g/L at room temperature and normal pressure

Ammonium chloride, which has a saturation concentration of around 2.5 g/L at room temperature and normal pressure

Sodium sulfate, which has a saturation concentration of around 3.5 g/L at room temperature and normal pressure

It's important to note that these are just examples, the saturation concentration of a chemical can vary depending on temperature, pressure, and other factors.

The least specific heat is possessed by substance A (0.90 J/g-C). Since equal masses of all the substances are heated to the same temperature, material A will therefore cool the fastest.

Also known as specific heat, this is the amount of energy required to increase a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gramme. The units of specific heat are typically calories or joules per gramme per degree Celsius. For instance, water has a specific heat of 1 calorie per gramme per degree Celsius.

According to its 4.186 J/g°C specific heat capacity, water needs 4.186 J of energy (or 1 calorie) to heat a gramme by 1 degree.

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Answer:

The molecular formula for Potassium Carbonate is K2CO3. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. 1 grams Potassium Carbonate is equal to 0.0072356020563581 mole. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results.

Explanation:

The molecular formula for Potassium Carbonate is K2CO3. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. 1 grams Potassium Carbonate is equal to 0.0072356020563581 mole.

Answer:

A strong acid will react with a weak base to form an acidic (pH < 7) solution. It depends of the products such as hydrochloric acid, HCl, with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solutions produces a solution of sodium chloride, NaCl, and some additional water molecules.

Explanation: hope this helps

When an acid and a base react, neutralisation occurs, producing water and salt as by products.

A salt and water are created when an acid and an alkali are balanced out. An example of this is a neutralisation reaction.

Solid acids, solid bases, solid salts, and water can all be included in net ionic equations for neutralisation reactions.

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The correct chemical structure that corresponds to 1,1,1-trifluoroethane is (a).

What is  1,1,1-trifluoroethane?

A chemical structure is a spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It determines the molecular geometry and when necessary the electronic chemistry as well .1,1,1-Trifluoroethane or simply known as trifluoroethane is Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) compound that is colourless and highly inflammable gas with ether like odour. One method of preparation of 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is by fluorination of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane in the presence of hydrofluoric acid.  The chemical formula for 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane is \(C__{2} } H_{3} F_{3}\). The high stability of it's chemical structure because of being heavier than air makes it a greenhouse gas with high infrared absorbent power. It can be used as a propellant or refrigerant and in cleaning of electrical equipments.

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In the electrical arrangement, the 6p subshell of the radon element contains 6 electrons.

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To identify the limiting reactant, excess reactant, and theoretical yield, we first need to determine the amount of each reactant in moles.

Using the molar masses of Ca and P:

Number of moles of Ca = 17.0 g / 40.08 g/mol = 0.424 mol

Number of moles of P = 18.0 g / 30.97 g/mol = 0.581 mol

Next, we need to determine the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants. From the balanced chemical equation, we see that the ratio of Ca to P is 3:2.

3 Ca + 2 P → Ca3P2

To use the stoichiometric ratio to determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the actual ratio of the reactants to the stoichiometric ratio.

Actual ratio of Ca to P = (0.424 mol Ca) / (0.581 mol P) ≈ 0.73

Stoichiometric ratio of Ca to P = 3/2 = 1.5

Since the actual ratio is greater than the stoichiometric ratio, Ca is the excess reactant and P is the limiting reactant.

To find the theoretical yield of Ca3P2, we need to use the stoichiometric ratio to determine how many moles of Ca3P2 can be produced from the limiting reactant (P).

From the balanced chemical equation, we see that 2 moles of P react with 3 moles of Ca to produce 1 mole of Ca3P2.

So, the number of moles of Ca3P2 that can be produced from 0.581 mol of P is:

(0.581 mol P) × (1 mol Ca3P2 / 2 mol P) = 0.2905 mol Ca3P2

Therefore, the theoretical yield of Ca3P2 is 0.2905 mol.

Answer:

D.ionic interaction is a strong interaction

When atoms come close enough to one another, an ionic connection is created. Atoms can interact with one another ionically, and this distance is greater than the bonding distance. Therefore, option D is correct.

The main interaction taking place in ionic compounds is ionic bonding, a form of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction between two atoms or ions with dramatically differing electronegativities.

Ions with opposing charges are drawn to one another through ion-ion interactions. They are also known as ionic bonds, because they are what keep ionic compounds together. opposing charges attract each other whereas like charges repel each other.

The whole transfer of valence electrons between atoms is referred to as an ionic bond. It is a kind of chemical connection that produces two ions with opposing charges. In ionic bonding, the nonmetal receives the electrons to become a negatively charged anion while the metal gives them up to become a positively charged cation.

Thus, option D is correct.

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Answer:

Did you figure out what it was?

Explanation:

Answer:

D) atom

Explanation:

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Elements are extremely particular compounds that serve as the foundation for all life and matter (well other than the stuff smaller than atoms). It can contain one atom or trillions of them for anything to be an element, however atoms of different types cannot be combined in. That is to say, every atom has a set number of protons, ranging from 1 to 118. You can be positive that the substance you have is hydrogen if there is just one proton present. Mercury is what you get if you have 80 protons. Atoms of pure hydrogen only contain one proton. As most people are aware, if you add oxygen to it, it turns into water, which is no longer an element but a compound. Nevertheless, the building blocks are the elements. Every single object you can see is composed of elements, whether there are many of them, as there are in the human body, or only a few, as there are in salt.

A compound is a substance with a definite composition (with some leeway there, there are 'non-stoichiometric' compounds), that is composed of 2 or more elements.

Further explanation:

A compound in chemistry is a material that is created by mixing two or more distinct chemical elements in such a way that the atoms of the various elements are kept together by strong chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electron s among the atoms. A molecule is the smallest, unbreakable unit of a substance.

A mixture is not a compound since there is no bonding between the atoms of the constituent substances in a mixture. In certain cases, mixing dissimilar elements causes chemical reactions that result in the formation of bonds between the atoms and the molecules of a compound. Other possibilities allow mixing distinct components without causing a reaction, preserving the separate identities of the elements. When elements are combined, reactions can happen quickly or slowly (for example, when iron is exposed to oxygen) (as when lithium is exposed to oxygen). There are times when an element is introduced to a chemical, a reaction takes place, creating new compounds (as when pure elemental sodium is immersed in liquid water).

A compound frequently looks and acts quite different from any of the constituent parts. Think about hydrogen (H) and oxygen, for instance (O). At standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature, both of these substances are gases. However, they combine to form the well-known material known as water, which is a liquid at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure and whose molecules each contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

Few elements' atoms readily combine with those of other elements to produce compounds. These gases—helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon—are referred to as noble or inert gases. Compounds made of certain elements can be formed easily with other elements. Examples include fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen.

2) The adjective compound refers to something that is made up of several different components. Examples of this usage include compound eyes, which are found in a variety of insects, compound microscopes, which are high-power magnifying devices made up of multiple lenses, compound sentences, which are organized collections of smaller sentences that form a single integrated perceptual environment, and compound documents.

Based on the specific heat of water, the final temperature of the liquid that is formed when 50 grams of ice and 500 g of water are mixed together is 23.3 °C.

The final temperature of the liquid that is formed when 50 grams of ice and 500 g of water are mixed together is determined as follows:

Heat change = mc(T_f - Ti)

The heat of fusion = mL

where;

Heat lost water = mc(T_f - Ti)

c for water = 4.19 J/J/(g°C)

Heat lost water = 500 * 4.18 * (T_f - 20)

Heat lost water = 2090T_f - 41800

Heat gained by ice = mc(T_f - Ti) + mL + mc(T_f - Ti)

c for ice = 2.03 J/J/(g°C)

Heat gained by ice = 50 * 2.03 * {0 - (-20)} + 50 * 0.334 + 50 * 4.18 * (T_f - 0)

Heat gained by ice = 2046.7 + 209T_f

From heat gained = heat lost;

2046.7 + 209T_f = 2090T_f - 41800

2090T_f - 209T_f = 2046.7 + 41800

1881T_f = 43846.7

T_f = 23.3 °C

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The elements in order from most electronegative to least  electronegative is represented as follows:

Electronegativity of an atom of elements is the tendency of the atom to attract electron(s) to itself.

Atomic number and the distance of the valency electron from the nuclei affects the electronegativity of an element.  

Generally, Non metals are more electronegative than metal. The halogen group are the most electronegative group in the periodic table.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element on earth.

Therefore,  the elements in order from most electronegative to least electronegative is represented as follows:

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As the solar nebula cooled METAL compounds are the first to condense from a gas to a solid. The solar nebula gave birth to the Solar system.

A solar nebula is a disc-shaped cloud of gases and grain dust, which gave birth to the Sun and planets of the Solar system, approximately 4.6 billion years ago.

The solar nebula is at the beginning a mixture of interstellar gases (hydrogen and helium) and dust grains.

As the solar nebula cools, heavy elements such as metals in the disk condensate into planetesimals.

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The mass of the ammonia that is required is  258 g.

The quantitative correlations between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are the focus of the chemistry subfield known as stoichiometry.

We have to know that;

1 mole of CO2 produces 1 mole of urea

2.2 moles of CO2 produces 2.2 urea

Given that the number of moles of urea = 455 g/60 g/mol

= 7.58 moles

Now;

2 moles of NH3 produces 1 mole of urea

x moles of NH3 produces 7.58 moles of urea

x = 7.58 * 2/1

= 15.16 moles

Mass of the ammonia =  15.16 moles * 17 g/mol

= 258 g

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the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.

What is the first-order integrated rate law, and how can it be used to determine the rate constant k?

ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]0

Where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration of A, k is the rate constant, and ln represents the natural logarithm.

We can rearrange the equation to solve for k:

k = (ln[A]0 - ln[A]t) / t

Plugging in the values given in the problem:

[A]0 = 0.165 M

[A]t = 0.111 M

t = 116 s

k = (ln[0.165] - ln[0.111]) / 116 s

Using a calculator, we get:

k = 0.00734 s^-1

Therefore, the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.

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