The reduction of carbonyl group using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a commonly employed reaction in organic chemistry. The reaction is fast, easy to perform, and highly selective.
The following is the curved arrow mechanism for the reduction of a biaryl carbonyl compound using NaBH4. Biaryl compounds are a class of organic compounds that contain two aromatic rings connected by a single bond. They are widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. The reaction of NaBH4 with a carbonyl group proceeds through a two-step mechanism: nucleophilic attack of hydride ion (H-) on the carbonyl carbon, and protonation of the resulting alkoxide intermediate.
The following is a stepwise mechanism for the reduction of a biaryl carbonyl compound using NaBH4:Step 1: Nucleophilic attack of H- on the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This step is the rate-determining step. Step 2: Protonation of the alkoxide intermediate to form the corresponding alcohol. This step is fast and reversible. The overall reaction is exothermic and releases energy. Therefore, it should be performed under controlled conditions to avoid any potential hazards. Overall reaction: Biaryl carbonyl compound + NaBH4 + H2O → corresponding alcohol + NaBO2 + 2H2O (balanced equation)
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Scott and his family recently moved to a large city, where the air sometimes looks hazy from smog. These four steps could result in the formation of this smog:
Ozone forms.
Polluting gases react with sunlight.
Temperature inversion traps pollution.
Cars emit hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Which answer shows the order in which these steps occur?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 4, 3
C. 4, 1, 2, 3,
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
Answer:
D. 4, 2, 1, 3 is the correct answer.\( \infty \infty \)
How many MOLES are in 45g of KNO3?
O 0.45 mol
O..0445 mol
O .045 mol
O 445 mol
Answer:
Its either B or D?
i think i would say just choose which one you think is right
How does the valence electron configuration (entire last energy level configuration) relate to the group number on the Periodic Table? Use the shorthand notation in your discussion.
Answer:
The valence electron configuration determines the group to which an element belongs to.
Explanation:
The valence electron configuration of an atom of an element refers to the number of electrons in that atoms outermost shell.
The valence electron configuration is related to the group number of an element in that the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom of an element determines the group to which an element belongs to. For example, all elements having one valence electron belong to group IA of the periodic table. Similarly, all elements having seven valence electrons belong to group VIIA of the periodic table.
This is because, since the reactivity of an element is related to its ability to either gain or lose a certain number of electrons in its valence shell, elements having same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.
HELP PLEASE!
Which below, are the smallest basic units of matter?
molecules
ozone
atoms
vitamin E
Answer:
atoms
Explanation:
what is the material used to make plaster of paris?
Answer:
gypsum
Explanation:
gypsum is used to make plaster of Paris
Answer:
Simple squamous epithelium
This type of epithelia lines the inner surface of all blood vessels (endothelium), forms the wall of alveolar sacs in the lung and lines the body cavities (mesothelium). The primary function of simple squamous epithelia is to facilitate diffusion of gases and small molecules.
Explanation:
isme talk kro
what is the measure of the amount of matter in a given amount of space
Answer:
volume
Explanation:
it is always measured in volume
The reported molar absorptivity value for [cocl4]2- complex is 577.2 m-1cm-1. what is the concentration of the complex with absorbance value of 0.55 (assume l = 1 cm)?
Therefore, the concentration of the [CoCl4]2- complex with an absorbance value of 0.55 (assuming a path length of 1 cm) is approximately 0.000953 M.
The molar absorptivity value, also known as the molar absorption coefficient, is a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a specific wavelength. In this case, the reported molar absorptivity value for the [CoCl4]2- complex is 577.2 M-1cm-1.
To find the concentration of the complex with an absorbance value of 0.55, we can use the Beer-Lambert Law, which states that absorbance (A) is equal to the molar absorptivity (ε) times the concentration (c) times the path length (l):
A = εcl
Given that the absorbance value (A) is 0.55 and the path length (l) is 1 cm, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the concentration (c):
c = A / (εl)
Plugging in the values, we have:
c = 0.55 / (577.2 M-1cm-1 * 1 cm)
Simplifying the calculation, we get:
c ≈ 0.000953 M
Therefore, the concentration of the [CoCl4]2- complex with an absorbance value of 0.55 (assuming a path length of 1 cm) is approximately 0.000953 M.
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The main goal of science is to
Answer:
The goal of science is to learn how nature works by observing the natural and physical world, and to understand this world through research and experimentation.
Explanation:
Carbon disulfide gas and oxygen gas react to form sulfur dioxide gas and carbon dioxide gas. What volume of carbon dioxide would be produced by this reactionif 1.1 L of carbon disulfide were consumed?Also, be sure your answer has a unit symbol, and is rounded to 2 significant digits.08 0 0.20.0X
Answer: Based on the stoichiometry 1 mole of carbon disulfide will produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide. Similarly we can apply the volume ratio, so 1.1L of carbon disulfide will produce 1.1L of carbon dioxide.
The air pressure in the inner tube of a tire on a typical racing bike is held at a pressure of about 112 psi. Convert this pressure to atm.
A)
0.147 atm
B)
7.62 atm
C)
0.112 atm
D)
0.131 atm
E)
112 atm
The air pressure of 112 psi in the inner tube of a racing bike tire is approximately 7.62 atm by using the conversion formula: 1 atm = 14.696 psi
To convert the pressure from psi (pounds per square inch) to atm (atmospheres), we can use the following conversion formula:
1 atm = 14.696 psi
To convert 112 psi to atm, we need to divide the given pressure (112 psi) by the conversion factor (14.696 psi/atm):
112 psi / 14.696 psi/atm = 7.62 atm (approximately)
So, the air pressure in the inner tube of a tire on a typical racing bike when held at a pressure of about 112 psi is approximately 7.62 atm. Therefore, the correct option is B) 7.62 atm.
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suppose you dissolve 132 g of lead(ii) acetate in 2.20 l of water. what is the molality of the solution? the molar mass of lead(ii) acetate is 325.29 g/mol, and the density of water is 1.000 g/ml.
Dissolve 132 g of lead(ii) acetate in 2.20 l of air. Then the molarity of the solution is 0.184 mol/L
Molarity in the concentration of a solution is known as molar concentration or molarity with its symbol M. Molarity is used to get the concentration of a solution quantitatively.
The mass of lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 = 132 g
We must first find the molarity of lead acetate:
n = mass/Mr
n = 132/325.29
n = 0.405 M
The moles of lead acetate is 0.405 mol
Then the molarity of the solution is
M = n/V
M = 0.405/2.20
M = 0.184 mol/L
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Please answer the following question using the data below: H2O vapor content: 13 grams H2O vapor capacity: 52 grams at 25 degrees Celsius 13 grams at 10 ∘
C 52 grams at 30 ∘
C What is the dew point for the conditions listed above? LCL 3π5 25C Relative Humidity =100%
Given data:H2O vapor content: 13 gramsH2O vapor capacity: 52 grams at 25 degrees Celsius 13 grams at 10∘C52 grams at 30∘CFormula used to find the dew point:$$\dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$\frac{1}{4}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$
Where A is the constantDew Point:It is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor when the temperature drops to a point where dew, frost or ice forms. To solve this question, substitute the given data into the formula.$$13/52=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$13(17.27-A)=3\pi A(ln100)$$By simplifying the above expression, we get$$A^2-17.27A+64.78=0$$Using the quadratic formula, we get$$A=9.9,7.4$$
The dew point is 7.4 since it is less than 10°C.More than 100:The term "More than 100" has not been used in the question provided.
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Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following two reactions
Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following two reactions:
(1) 2C(s) + 2H2(g)C2H4(g)...... ΔH° = 52.3 kJ
(2) 2C(s) + 3H2(g)C2H6(g)......ΔH° = -84.7 kJ
what is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction:
(3) C2H4(g) + H2(g)C2H6(g)......ΔH° = ?
The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) is 117.1 kJ.
The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) can be calculated by using the enthalpy changes of reactions (1) and (2) and applying Hess's Law.
To do this, we need to manipulate the given equations so that the desired reaction (3) can be obtained.
First, we reverse reaction (1) to get the formation of C2H4(g) from C2H6(g):
C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ
Next, we multiply reaction (2) by 2 and reverse it to obtain 2 moles of C2H6(g) reacting to form 3 moles of H2(g):
2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ
Now, we add the two modified equations together:
C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ
2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ
When adding these equations, the C2H6(g) on the left side cancels out with the C2H6(g) on the right side, leaving us with the desired reaction (3):
C2H4(g) + H2(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ + 169.4 kJ = 117.1 kJ
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Find the standard molar enthalpy for the reaction C(s) + ½ O2(g) → CO(g)
The standard molar enthalpy for the reaction C(s) + ½ O2(g) → CO(g) is -111KJ.
What exactly are molar enthalpy and enthalpy?Molar enthalpy is the amount of energy per mole. In light of this, the primary distinction between enthalpy and molar enthalpy is that the former refers to the total heat content of a thermodynamic system, whereas the latter refers to the total heat per mole of reactant in the system.
C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) ΔHO = -394 kJ ----(1)
CO₂(g) → CO(g) + 1/2O₂(g) ΔHO = +283 kJ -----(2)
Adding 1 & 2
C(s) + ½ O₂(g) → CO(g)
ΔHO = -394 kJ + 283 kJ
ΔHO = -111KJ.
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Complete question is " Find the standard molar enthalpy for the reaction C(s) + ½ 02(g) → CO(g)
Given that
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) AHO = -394 kJ
CO2(g) → CO(g) + ¹/2O2(g) AHO = +283 kJ ".
Mixtures:
(A) Have specific compositions
(B) do not have specific compositions
(C) are made from liquids
(D) are made from one substance
The true statement about mixtures is that they do not have specific compositions (option B).
What is a mixture?Mixture is a substance made up of two or more chemical components that are not chemically linked.
This further means that the constituents of a mixture maintain or keep their individual chemical identities because there is no breaking of bonds.
As opposed to mixtures, compounds are made up of constituents that are chemically bonded to one another, hence, possess a definite composition.
Examples of mixtures are as follows:
Sugar and waterSalt and waterAir (mixture of gases)Salt and sugarSand and waterOil and waterTherefore, the true statement about mixtures is that they do not have specific compositions.
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What is reduced and what is oxidized in the reaction between a monosaccharide and a ferric ion?
In the reaction between a monosaccharide and a ferric ion, The carbonyl carbon is oxidized to a carboxyl group, the cupric ion is reduced.
Chemical reactions often involve color changes, temperature changes, gas evolution, or precipitate formation. Simple examples of everyday reactions are digestion, combustion, and cooking. The definition of reaction is a reaction. An example of a reaction is someone stopping their car at a stop sign. noun. response to stimuli.
The five basic types of chemical reactions are combination, decomposition, single exchange, double exchange, and combustion. By analyzing the reactants and products of a particular reaction, we can classify them into one of these categories. Some responses fit into multiple categories. It is modeled after the old Italian reaction, the French response, derived from the medieval Latin response (nominative to react). It is a noun of action formed in Late Latin from the past participle stem of the Latin reader.
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what is an ion? what is a valence electron? how is an ion formed?
Answer:
Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons in order to fulfill the octet rule and have full outer valence electron shells. When they lose electrons, they become positively charged and are named cations. When they gain electrons, they are negatively charged and are named anions.
Explanation:
Ion is an atom or molecule which is formed by losing or gaining one or more electrons which give its positive or negative charge. Ions are formed by sharing or losing electron. Valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom which take part in the formation of chemical bond.
What are Ions?Ion is an atom or molecule which is formed by losing or gaining one or more electrons which give its positive or negative charge. Ions are formed by sharing or losing electron.
Ions are of two types. They are:
1.Cations
2.Anions
1. Positive charged ions are called Cations, which are formed by losing one or more electron. Due to which it gain a positive charge.
For example, \(Calcium (Ca^2^+), Potassium (K^+), hydrogen (H^+).\)
2. Negative charged ions are called Anions, which are formed by gaining one or more electron. Due to which it gain a negative charge.
For example, \(Iodide (I^-), chloride (Cl^-), hydroxide (OH^-)\)
Ions migrate under the influence of an electrical field. They are the conductors of electric current in electrolytic cells.
Thus, Ion is an atom or molecule which is formed by losing or gaining one or more electrons which give its positive or negative charge. Ions are formed by sharing or losing electron. Valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom which take part in the formation of chemical bond.
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The purpose of copper chloride and water. Please answer !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Will mark Brianliest !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
if the influent ammonium concentration is 21.8 mg/l, estimate the amount of alkalinity (in mg/l) that must be added to buffer the oxidation reaction assuming that a residual alkalinity of 80 mg/l as caco3 is required to keep the ph at approximately 7. assume the influent alkalinity is 250 mg/l as caco3.
To estimate the amount of alkalinity that must be added to buffer the oxidation reaction, we can use the concept of stoichiometry. Therefore, no additional alkalinity needs to be added.
The oxidation reaction of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) requires 7.14 mg/L of alkalinity (as CaCO3) per mg/L of ammonium.
First, calculate the difference between the influent ammonium concentration and the residual alkalinity required:
21.8 mg/L - 80 mg/L = -58.2 mg/L.
Then, multiply this difference by the stoichiometric ratio:
-58.2 mg/L * 7.14 mg/L of alkalinity = -415.788 mg/L.
Since the result is negative, it means that alkalinity needs to be removed instead of added to buffer the oxidation reaction.
In this case, the alkalinity present in the influent (250 mg/L as CaCO3) should be sufficient to buffer the reaction.
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Matter in a _______ has ______volume and ______ shape.
Answer:
Matter in a solid state has definite volume and definite shape.
Explanation:
The solid matter has the property of definite shape and volume because the molecules present in a solid are tightly packed so the molecules do not flow and there is no change in volume and force of attraction between the molecules will be very high that shows rigidity of molecule.
what state of matter of a substance depends on how the particles in that substance
Answer:
Solids is the answer hope this helps
organize the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius (Ge, He, Sr, O, Ba)
Answer:
He
O
Ge
Sr
Ba
Explanation:
An atom gets larger as the number of electronic shells increase; therefore the radius of atoms increases as you go down a certain group in the periodic table of elements.
In general, the size of an atom will decrease as you move from left to the right of a certain period.
The ____number can vary among atoms of the same element.
Answer:
Mass number
Explanation:
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, but some may have different numbers of neutrons, which would cause a different mass number
Answer:
The answer is mass number
The pH of a sample of coffee is 5.0. A sample of milk has a pH of 6.0.
Compared to the [H+] of coffee the [H+] of the milk is _________.
A. 1.0 times higher
B. 10 times higher
C. 10 times lower
The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. pH is a unitless quantity. The [H+] of coffee is 10 times higher. than [H+] of the milk. The correct option is option B.
What is pH?pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.
Mathematically,
pH=-log[H⁺]
pH of coffee=5.0
Substituting the values
-5.0=log[H⁺]
[H⁺]=1×10⁻⁵
pH of milk= 6.0
Substituting the values
- 6.0=log[H⁺]
[H⁺]=1×10⁻⁶
Therefore the [H+] of coffee is 10 times higher. than [H+] of the milk. The correct option is option B.
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what relative masses of dimethyl amine and dimethyl ammonium chloride do you need to prepare a buffer solution of ph = 10.54?
To prepare a buffer solution of pH = 10.54, the relative masses of dimethyl amine and dimethyl ammonium chloride needed are 0.079 g and 0.067 g respectively.
A buffer solution is a solution that has the ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. A buffer solution contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It can be prepared by mixing equal volumes of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
Dimethyl amine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. It is a weak base and can act as a proton acceptor. Dimethyl ammonium chloride is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH2Cl. It is a salt of a weak base and a strong acid and can act as a proton donor.
Calculation of relative masses:
The pKa of dimethyl amine is 10.73.
To prepare a buffer solution of pH = 10.54,
the ratio of [A-]/[HA] should be 1/9.
Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation;
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])10.54 = 10.73 + log([A-]/[HA])
log([A-]/[HA]) = -0.19[A-]/[HA] = 0.67/1.00
The sum of the masses of dimethyl amine and dimethyl ammonium chloride is 0.146 g. The ratio of their masses is 0.67:1.00.
So, the relative masses of dimethyl amine and dimethyl ammonium chloride needed are 0.079 g and 0.067 g respectively.
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How many bromide ions are there in 2.00g of MgBr2?
There are 1.31 x 1022 bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\).
The chemical formula of magnesium bromide (\(MgBr_2\)) contains one magnesium ion (\(Mg2^+\)) and two bromide ions (Br-). To find the number of bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\), we need to use the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound, then use the stoichiometry of the chemical formula to determine the number of bromide ions present. First, we need to calculate the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\). The molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) is equal to the sum of the atomic masses of magnesium (Mg) and two bromine (Br) atoms. The atomic mass of Mg is 24.31 g/mol, and the atomic mass of Br is 79.90 g/mol. Molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) = 24.31 g/mol + (2 x 79.90 g/mol) = 184.11 g/mol Next, we can use the molar mass to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound: Number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) = mass of \(MgBr_2\) / molar mass of \(MgBr_2\)For more questions on bromide ions
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List 1 inherited trait that is ONLY based on genetics and is NOT affected by the environment in any way.
Answer:
Explanation:
Dimples B)
The reaction shows the decomposition of calcium carbonate.
What is the percent yield if 60.0 g of CaCO3 is heated and 15.0 g of CaO is produced?
A.
66.4%
B.
33.6%
C.
44.6%
D.
55.4%
The percentage yield is 44.6%.
How much Carbon dioxide was produced by fully decomposing 100g of 80% pure Calcium Carbonate?As was said before, 80g of calcium carbonate will be present in a 100g sample of impure calcium carbonate. As is common knowledge, calcium carbonate has a molecular weight of 100 g. Hence, 22.4 L of carbon dioxide will be produced from 100 g or 1 mol of pure calcium carbonate.
Calcium Carbonate → Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
The molar mass of Calcium Carbonate is 100.1 g/mol, so 60.0 g of Calcium Carbonate is equal to:
60.0 g / 100.1 g/mol = 0.599 mol Calcium Carbonate
The molar mass of Calcium oxide is 56.1 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of Calcium oxide is:
0.599 mol × 56.1 g/mol = 33.5 g Calcium oxide
The actual yield is calculated by dividing it by the theoretical yield and multiplying the result by 100%.
(Actual yield / Theoretical yield) / 100% is the percentage yield.
Percent yield = (15.0 g / 33.5 g) × 100% = 44.8%
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what are the common features of Mass, Volume, Magnetism, and Melting point?
Answer: they all are 4 properties of matter
Answer:
Explanation:
Mass is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude. In science, volume is a measure of the amount of three-dimensional space an object fills. It’s usually measured in cubic meters based on the SI or metric system. Volume can be represented by three axes – length, width, and height. In practice, however, volume in chemistry is commonly measured in liters and milliliters. Magnetism is a force that attracts (pulls closer) or repels (pushes away) objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them (magnetic objects). In simpler words, it is a property of substances which pull closer or repel other objects. It is a subject in physics. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid.
True or false. It is safe to heat flammable liquids with a hot plate as long as it’s done in a fume hood.
Answer:
The answer is false
It is safe to heat flammable liquids with a hot plate as long as it’s done in a fume hood. The above statement is false.
What is flammable liquids?A flammable liquid is one with a flash point at or below the nominal threshold temperatures specified by a variety of national and worldwide standards organizations. This means that it can easily ignite in air at room temperature.
Acetone, biodiesel, diesel, ethanol, and gasoline are just a few examples of flammable liquids. Strict storage regulations must be followed since the fumes of these substances rapidly catch fire and burn. These liquids are even further divided into groups based on their flash points or boiling points, and it is from these groups that safe handling and storage procedures are determined. It is not safe to heat flammable liquids with a hot plate as long as it’s done in a fume hood.
Therefore, the given statement is false.
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