A macrophage initially engulfs the infection. Step two involves the breakdown of the bacteria by the macrophage and the appearance of the pathogen's antigens. The third phase entails the activation of a T helper cell via its attachment to a macrophage. Step 4: A T helper cell that has linked to another B cell causes a B cell to be activated.
How does immunity mediated by antibodies function?
The effector response of the antibody-mediated immune response is finished in three steps: development and activation of B cells to produce antibodies. a modification to antibody class. Antibodies facilitate antigen clearance.
What should the dialogue sound like in a hilarious response?
The events of the comedic reaction are depicted in the timeline below.
1) Pathogen-eating macrophages express an antigen on MHC II markers unique to TH cells.
2) Specific TH cells cling to the MHC II complex via specific cell receptors.
3) An activated TH cell multiplies and generates interleukin II.
To learn more about immunity click:
https://brainly.com/question/26864713
#SPJ4
In a certain population, the death rate is greater than the birth rate from vear 1 to year 2, and the immigration rate equals the emigration rate. Which of the following graphs represents this information?
Graph A. Based on the information you supplied, I believe the population in question is likely shrinking.
If the death rate exceeds the birth rate, it signifies that more people are dying than being born, resulting in a net population reduction. The fact that the immigration rate equals the outflow rate shows that migration has no influence on population size.The other statements are true. Wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical energy, hydroelectric dams use the gravitational potential energy of water to generate electricity, and a boulder on top of a cliff has gravitational potential energy due to its height above the ground.
To summarise, the population is most likely declining as a result of a greater death rate than birth rate and no major migratory effect.
Learn more about population here:
https://brainly.com/question/24925303
#SPJ1
The superior opening of the pelvic brim is called the..?
pelvic outlet
pelvic inlet
false pelvis
lesser pelvis
pelvic crest
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
I believe the answer is pelvic inlet.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
How long do you think it will take for Mt. St. Helens to reach a climax community - explain your answer.
Answer:
Somewhere from 50 and 150 years
Explanation:
It could take half a century or a full millinial. There hasnt been a climax community reached yet on St. Helens. If a place was wiped out because of extreme weather systems or a volcanic eruption then it would take a long time to reach
How many mL of stock solution of 2M NaCl do you need to prepare 100 mL of 0.150M NaCl?
Answer:
7.5mL
Explanation:
Comsidering the definition of dilution, 7.5 mL of the stock solution of 2 M are required to prepare 100 mL of 0.150 M solution.
Dilution is a procedure by which the concentration of a solution is lowered. It is achieved by adding more solvent to the same amount of solute.
Then the amount of solute does not vary, but the volume of the solvent does: when more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentration Vi: initial volume Cf: final concentration Vf: final volume
In this case, you know:
Ci= 2 M Vi= ? Cf= 0.150 M Vf= 100 mLReplacing in the definition of dilution:
2 M×Vi= 0.150 M×100 mL
Solving:
\(Vi=\frac{0.150 M x 100 mL}{2 M}\)
Vi= 7.5 mL
In summary, 7.5 mL of the stock solution of 2 M are required to prepare 100 mL of 0.150 M solution.
Learn more about dilution:
brainly.com/question/20113402?referrer=searchResults brainly.com/question/22762236?referrer=searchResultsState five types of energy
Answer:
Electrical Energy.
Chemical Energy.
Mechanical Energy.
Thermal Energy.
Nuclear Energy.
Mitosis creates what types of cells?
Why would looking for the persons responsible for sneaking endangered species (rare birds, for example) into the United States be considered a job for a forensic scientist
Answer:
Forensic scientists are able to find the answer.
Explanation:
The persons responsible for sneaking endangered species into the United States be considered a job for a forensic scientist because forensic scientist is able to find out the persons. Forensic scientist are the investigators who collect evidences from the crime scene and leads to the person who commit crime. So the forensic scientist is the only person who find out the persons responsible for sneaking endangered species.
Because Ambien is in Schedule V, you know that the substance
O has a very low LD50
O is poisonous
Oin not useful as a medication
O is lower risk for abuse and usable without a doctor's supervision
The fact that Ambien is on Schedule V means that it is at lower risk for abuse and usable without a doctor's supervision. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
When compared to drugs in higher schedules, chemicals in Schedule V are thought to have a lower chance of being abused. This means that there are known medical benefits to Ambien and that sleep problems can be treated with it with a prescription from a doctor.
It doesn't mean that the material is naturally toxic or that it has a very low LD50. It also doesn't mean that it can't be used as a medicine.
Learn more about Schedule V drugs, here:
https://brainly.com/question/14448019
#SPJ1
1. Nitrogen fixation: Nitrogen fixation occurs when (a) ___________ converts N2 gas into (b) _________________________ that living things can take up.
2. Ammonification: In this step, bacteria in soil or fungi will convert nitrogen into _____________________________
3. Nitrification: A 2-step process:
Step 1: Soil bacteria converts (a)_______________________ into (b)___________________
Step 2: Soil bacteria then convert nitrite ions into (c)_____________________________
4. Denitrification: In this process (a)__________________________ are converted to (b)_________________ gas, which are then released to the atmosphere.
5. Assimilation: This occurs when ___________________________________________.
Answer:
Nitrogen fixation occur when nitrogenase convert N2 into ammonia gas that living thing can take up.
Ammonification bacteria in soil or fungi will convert nitrogen into ammonia compound.
3. Nitrification.
Soil bacteria converts ammonia to nitrite.
Soil bacteria then convert nitrite ions into nitrate.
4. Denitrification in this process , nitrate is converted to nitrogen gas, which are then released to the atmosphere
Assimilation occurs when minerals and vitamins are absorbed in the food by the intestine.
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen is fixed and made available by living things in which nitrogenase convert nitrogen to ammonia.
Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen is converted to ammonia compounds by bacteria and fungi
Nitrification is the process where nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrite and then nitrite to nitrate.
Denitrification is the process where nitrate is reduced or converted to nitrogen gas.
Assimilation is the process of absorbing vitamins and minerals from food by the intestine.
What happens during rusting of an iron nail?
1 sulfur and oxygen combine to form a sulfur dioxide coating
2 iron and oxygen combine to form iron oxide
3 sulfur, iron, and oxygen combine to form iron sulfoxide
4 iron and sulfur combine to form iron sulfide
Answer: the correct answer is B number 2
Explanation: I just answered this question
if you want to determine an absolute date for this rock. which dating method would you use
Answer:
Radiometric dating.
This involves identifying the isotopes of Uranium 238's half lives.
Hope that helps
Which were the first present elements in the universe?
Answer:
The first present elements were hydrogen and helium.
Explanation:
How does your model support the claim that
the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
have different seasons?
Answer:
Due to presence on opposite side of the globe.
Explanation:
My model support the claim that the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have different seasons due to present on different location on the globe. The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are different and opposite of those in the Southern Hemisphere. Seasons occur because Earth is tilted on its axis. This tilting causes summer in one location whereas winter in other location. The Earth's tilt causes the Southern Hemisphere to lean towards the Sun during summer season of Southern Hemisphere while on the other hand, it is winter season in the Northern Hemisphere which leans away from the Sun.
Which two generalizations can be made based on what you know about cycles of matter in a closed system?
-New-matter is added, and oid matter is destroyed:
-Matter changes its physical form, allowing it to return to its original state.
-The amount of matter within the system remains the same.
-Matter and energy can cross the boundaries of the system.
-The cycle has a well-defined starting and stopping point.
The amount of matter in the system is constant, and the cycle has a clearly defined beginning and end.
How does Physics Define Matter?A substance called matter is made up of several kinds of particles, occupies space, and has inertia. The many sorts of particle each have a unique mass and size according to the principles of current physics.
What exactly is a matter unit?The fundamental building block of the cosmos is the atom. Atoms are referred to be the basic matter units and have a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons with electrons revolving around it. Every component in the periodic table is made up of a unique arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
To know more about matter visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29232090
#SPJ1
Nucleotides contain sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Which of the following is a nitrogen base?
A. Ribose
B. Tyrosine
C. Deoxyribose
D. Guanine
Nucleotides contain sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Guanine is a nitrogen base.
what are nitrogenous base ?the basic unit of nucleic acid are nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and phosphate. it forms nucleic acid such as DNA and RNA.
nitrogenous base are purine and pyrimidine, these are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine, uracil.
Adenine can pair with thymine whereas cytosine can pair with guanine by forming hydrogen bond.
For more details regarding nitrogenous base, visit
https://brainly.com/question/14090794
#SPJ1
please answer!!!
what are the starting types of energy and what are the ending types of energy?
Answer:
Energy comes in six basic forms: chemical, electrical, radiant, mechanical, thermal and nuclear.
7) We learned that post-transcriptional processing is very important in eukaryotic cells, such as those in our own
bodies. Of what possible advantage could this be to a cell? Name one part of mammalian (including human) function
that relies very much on the 'slicing and recombination that is part of post-transcriptional processing.
Answer:
Alternative splicing is a posttranscriptional modification that enables to produce many proteins from a single gene, thereby increasing its functional diversity. In mammals, alternative splicing has shown to be associated with the control of different signaling pathways in response to environmental conditions.
Explanation:
Posttranscriptional modifications are required for the maturation of primary RNA transcripts, and it is associated with the process of translation into proteins. These types of modifications include the alternative splicing in order to remove introns of pre-mRNA molecules, the addition of a cap to the 5' end and polyadenylation of the 3′ end of mRNAs, etc. For example, the polyadenylation (poly-A) of mRNA tails provide stability to these molecules, thereby they are more resistant to exonucleolytic degradation and thus can be translated into proteins.
Animals store most of their excess energy reserves as ____.
Answer:
Lipids (Fats)
Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? *
A ATP and carbon dioxide
B Carbon dioxide and glucose
C Glucose and oxygen
D Oxygen and ATP
Answer:
A) ATP and carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.
so the answer is A.)ATP and carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis is the process in which cells use oxygen to break down food and release stored energy. true or false
Answer:
false
because photosynthesis is the process of making food by green plants...
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants (Figure 5.5). After the process is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules, most commonly glucose. These sugar molecules contain the energy that living things need to survive.
Define external digestion
Answer:
Saprobionts eat by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto their food, a process known as extracellular phototropic digestion. The enzymes catalyze the breakdown of food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by passive diffusion, transport, osmotrophy, or phagocytosis.
-------------------------
hope it helps...
have a great day!!
Answer: External digestion is when the bacteria secretes digestive enzymes to break down the food outside of the "body" and then it sucks it up!
Explanation: her ya go
The role of the 23S rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is: Question 50 options: helps to form the A site within the ribosome contributes to the process of translocation during the elongation stage of protein synthesis none of these choices is correct actively forms a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis
Answer:
Actively forms a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis.
Explanation:
The role of the 23S rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond by acting as a ribozyme aid in initiation of protein synthesis. 23S rRNA has an important function of peptidyl transferase. Both peptidyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA are necessary for synthesis of protein and transpeptidation response. The 23S rRNA positions have a significant function in the binding of tRNA in P site of the large ribosomal subunit.
If a cell has the ability to take in water, food molecule, and other necessary materials this indicates it is cabable of
Answer: If a cell has the ability to take in water, food molecule, and other necessary materials this indicates it is capable of nutrition. The answer can not be digestion or absorption because it's a term that talks about multicellular beings.
Which sequence of events best describes the current theory of the origin of life on Earth?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
Essay on a dream job an how science is an impact to it
Answer: the anwser is c bc it makes the most since
Explanation:
Name the nucleotide bases that join the two DNA strands.
Answer: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Explanation: I’d have to see a picture of the DNA strand, but it will vary. No DNA is the same. Sorry, I couldn’t help more. If you can add a picture, I’d be more than happy to help!
How has the use of fossil fuels negatively affected Earth?
a. Less technology is available to people
b. More carbon dioxide has been emitted into the atmosphere
c. Average global temeratures have decreased
d. Recycling has become more common
b. More carbon dioxide has been emitted into the atmosphere is correct on how the use of fossil fuels negatively affect the earth.
What are fossil fuels?Fossil fuels encompass non-renewable energy sources that result from the remains of dead organisms which accumulate for millions of years on the planet's exterior. Electricity generation, heating households and establishments along with powering transportation depends on coal, oil, or natural gas extraction.
These fuels are formed by burying organic substances below sedimentary layers until they transform into fossil fuels through extreme temperature increases within Earth's mantle.
Learn about Fossil fuels here https://brainly.com/question/79954
#SPJ1
If a mutation appears in one individual that changes one base in a dna, and the population is evolving by genetic drift, over time that mutation will
If a mutation appears in one individual that changes one base in a DNA, then mutation will cause abnormalities in the DNA molecule.
What is mutation?A mutation refers to a change in a DNA that can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division or due to exposure to ionizing radiation or chemicals called mutagens so we can conclude that mutation will cause abnormalities in the DNA molecule.
Learn more about mutation here: https://brainly.com/question/17031191
What are the roles of the DNA, RNA Polymerase, mRNA, tRNA and ribosome in protein synthesis
Answer:
mRNA molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts. rRNA molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes, the structures in which protein synthesis takes place. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, each class of RNA has its own polymerase, whereas in prokaryotic cells, a single RNA polymerase synthesizes the different class of RNA. Other types of RNA also exist but are not as well understood, although they appear to play regulatory roles in gene expression and also be involved in protection against invading viruses.
Explanation:
carbohydrates are a unit to measure what?